Pingtan Island

Haitan Island

synonym

Pingtan Island generally refers to Haitan Island

Haitan Island, also known as Pingtan Island, is the largest island in Fujian Province, the fifth largest island in the country, located in the southeast coast of China, located in Pingtan County, Fujian City, China. It is the main island of Pingtan County, 128 km away from Fuzhou City, and 68 nautical miles from the Hsinchu port of Taiwan province. The Chinese mainland is closest to Taiwan, with 29 km long north and south, 19 km east and West, and an area of 274.3 flat. Square kilometers, accounting for 72% of the total area of Pingtan County, to the shape of altar, Wuzhi sea named. Island often "east to haze gas filled", referred to as "haze", also known as "East haze", formerly known as "seamount".

There are 36 foot lake, Shipai reef, xianrenjing, yipianwa and keqiutou ruins, longfengtou Resort and tannanwan beach in Haitan Island.

By the end of 2013, Haitan Island had a total population of 410000, with a natural growth rate of 11.20 ‰ and a population density of 1065 people / km2.

In 2013, the GDP was 15.539 billion yuan, an increase of 13.0% over 2012, and the per capita GDP was 39339 yuan, an increase of 10.1% over 2012. The three industrial structures were adjusted from 24.5:34.0:41.5 in the previous year to 22.7:31.1:46.2 in the current period.

Historical evolution

Haitan Island has a long history. In the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (221 BC), it belongs to Minzhong county.

In the fifth year of Gaozu (202 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to Minyue state; in the fifth year of Yuanding (112 BC), it belonged to Duwei in the south of Kuaiji county.

In the eighth year of Jian'an (203) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was the Duwei of Marquis of Kuaiji Prefecture.

The third year of Yong'an (260 years) of Wu Jingdi in the Three Kingdoms belongs to Houguan County of Jian'an County in the south of Kuaiji.

Jin belonged to Fengxian County of Jin'an County, while Sui belonged to Minxian County of Jian'an county. Tang belongs to Changle County of Fuzhou.

During the Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms and Song Dynasty, it belonged to Fuqing county.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Fuqing Prefecture, and in the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Fuqing county. In the eighth year of Yongzheng reign (1730), the county magistrate of Fuqing moved to Pingtan, and Haitan Island belonged to Pingtan County.

Jiaqing three years (1798) analysis of Fuqing County Haitan Island and the surrounding nine islands set Pingtan Coast Defense Department, directly under the Fuzhou government.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Pingtan County was set up, belonging to Fuzhou Prefecture.

In 1949, after the founding of the people's Republic of China, it belonged to the fourth special administration. In 1983, Pingtan County was under the jurisdiction of Fuzhou government.

In 2010, with the approval of the State Council, Pingtan comprehensive experimental zone was established in Pingtan County. Haitan Island belongs to "Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone".

In 2016, with the approval of the State Council, the construction plan of Pingtan international tourism island was approved.

administrative division

As of 2012, Haitan Island is under the jurisdiction of Pingtan comprehensive experimental area, which has jurisdiction over 7 towns and 4 townships: Tancheng Town, Suao Town, Liushui Town, aoqian Town, beicuo Town, Pingyuan Town, Aodong Town, Baiqing Town, Luyang Town, Zhonglou town and Lancheng town.

geographical environment

Location context

Haitan Island is located in the southeast coast of China, in Pingtan County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China, about 25 ° 15 ′ - 25 ° 45 ′ n, 119 ° 32 ′ - 120 ° 10 ′ E. It is adjacent to Taiwan Strait in the East, Haitan Strait in the west, Changle District, Fuqing City and Putian City in Fuzhou, Nanri island in Putian City in the South and Baigou islands in the north. It is 128 kilometers away from Fuzhou, and 68 miles away from Hsinchu port in Taiwan. It is the closest Chinese mainland to Taiwan, and has become an important window for Taiwan China's economic and trade exchanges and cultural exchanges. Haitan Island has a winding coastline of 408 kilometers, of which more than 100 kilometers are high-quality beaches. Facing Taiwan Strait in the East and Fuqing City across Haitan Strait in the west, it is the main island of Pingtan County, covering an area of 267.13 square kilometers.

topographic features

It is composed of rhyolite, tuff, tuff glutenite, siltstone and Yanshanian granodiorite of the Cretaceous Shimaoshan group, and has QUATERNARY MARINE plain and aeolian sand accumulation. Under the influence of neotectonic movement, 36 foot lake was formed. The sea erosion landform of the island is very typical, with rare granite sea erosion column, wind rock and spherical weathered granite, which is known as the "sea erosion landform Museum". The terrain is low and flat, slightly higher in the middle, and the highest point Junshan is 434.6 meters above sea level. It is mainly composed of hills and plains, with tortuous coast and 204.45 km long.

climate

Pingtan Island is characterized by long summer and short winter, warm and humid, cool summer and warm winter, belonging to south subtropical marine monsoon climate, with spring temperature lower than autumn temperature. The annual average temperature is 19.6 ℃, the coldest day is 10.2 ℃, and the hottest day is 27.9 ℃. The average annual precipitation is 1172 mm and evaporation is 1300 mm. It is one of the few rain areas in the province. The monsoon is obvious, mainly southerly in summer, and northeasterly in other seasons. The annual average wind speed is 6.9 M / s, and the number of strong wind days (above level 7) is 125 days. From July to September, it is hot and dry, and is often affected by tropical storms, with an average of 6.3 times a year. The main meteorological disasters are typhoon, gale, rainstorm and drought.

hydrology

There are many rivers on Haitan Island, but the rivers are short and flow into the sea alone.

Geographical structure

Haitan Island is located in the coastal zone to the east of Wuyi daiyunlong fold belt in Fujian Province, i.e. southeast Fujian coastal metamorphic zone, East Fujian volcanic fault depression zone to the West and coastal fault depression zone to the East. It is a part of the geological region of Cathaysian ancient land in Southeast China.

Before the Mesozoic, the southeast coast of Fujian Province was a uplift area. Since the Yanshanian movement after the Jurassic, strong fault activity, large-scale volcanic magmatic eruption and magmatic intrusion occurred. Due to strong tectonic stress compression and sinistral torsion, ductile shear deformation, fracture zone, cleavage zone and Changle Zhao'an fault zone occur in the rocks. Most of the above-mentioned metamorphic belts and their faults are stable due to the penetration of acidic and basic dikes or consolidation by siliceous filling and silicification.

The crustal movement in the tertiary of Cenozoic (i.e. Himalayan movement, Himalayan movement for short) and the influence of the global ice age in the Quaternary led to a series of ascending and descending movements of land and sea. The basic characteristics of the ascending and descending movement are as follows: the ascending and descending movement is mainly inherited, and the subsidence or relative stability in some sections; the differential ascending and descending movement is large in amplitude and fast in speed; taking zhuyukou County town as the center of the uplift, it forms a wavy structure with other uplift or subsidence sections; the difference of ascending and descending amplitude and speed reflects the difference of fault and fault block structures.

Up to the early Holocene, the Haitan islands and reefs still declined due to transgression, but the extent was not large, but luyangpu and qilipu areas were affected by the fault depression at the same time, and the decline was the most intense, with the thickness of marine aeolian layer reaching more than 40 meters. From the middle Holocene, the coastline of Haitan Island changed to rise, the coastline continued to move outward, the island area continued to expand, and the rudiment of the whole Pingtan Island was basically completed. During this period, the ancient bay where the 366jiao lake was located was rising and formed a lagoon because the mouth of the Bay was silted up. In the past 2000 years, luyangpu has formed a plain in the process of slow rising.

resources

Biological resources

Haitan Island is a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation zone. Due to the impact of man-made felling in modern times, the primary vegetation is mostly destroyed. The main vegetation is secondary plants, including Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata, bamboo forest, Casuarina equisetifolia, shrubs and so on. There are a small number of mangroves, Psammophytes and so on in the coastal zone.

Haitan Island is surrounded by the sea and rich in marine resources. By 2010, there are 679 species of aquatic animal resources in Haitan Island, including 242 species of marine fish, 73 species of marine shrimp and crab, 169 species of marine molluscs and 266 species of plankton.

mineral resources

As of 2010, the mineral resources of Haitan Island include granite, quartz sand, alum, pyrite, copper, kaolin, etc., with granite reserves of about 800 million cubic meters and quartz sand reserves of 1.6 billion tons.

Sandy land resources

Pingtan County has a large area of sand land. Jizhong Haitan Island mainly includes Liushui longfengtou sand mining area, which is distributed from Liushui Peninsula to longfengtou, Tancheng Town, covering an area of 22.3625 square kilometers. Due to the wide extension range of the mining area, the underlying topography and dynamic environment are quite different, so the thickness and grain size are also quite different. The North Bank of Liushui peninsula is located in the main wind direction of north-north-east, with strong dynamic conditions. The promontory at both ends of shanmenqianao in the west section is prominent, and wan'ao is deep, with a certain amount of sandy deposition. In addition to the effect of wind, the thickness of Aeolian Placer in the inner side is also large; DAAO in the east section is an erosive red soil platform bank, with obvious erosion, less deposition, intermittent distribution and small thickness of placer; In longfengtou area, the sand beach is gentle and wide, the intertidal zone is long, the grain size of sand ore is small, and there are sand dykes about 1-2 meters high in the front of the forest belt.

Qilipu yangzhongao placer area: located in the south of Haitan Island, with an area of 10.4196 square kilometers, accounting for 12.66% of the total placer area of the county. Due to the obvious deposition of tidal flat and the southeast wind, the aeolian placer deposits in the inner side accumulate rapidly. Qilipu fresh water sand has extended to the South Bank of 366jiao lake. The south section of yangzhongao is a sand dam of Liandao, and the north section has a sand dike with a height of more than 2m.

energy resources

Tidal energy

Haitan

Chinese PinYin : Ping Tan Dao