panjiakou reservoir

panjiakou reservoir

Panjiakou Reservoir is located at the junction of Qianxi County, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China, Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County, Chengde City and Xinglong County, Chengde city. The reservoir is approved by the State Council as one of the important projects of "diverting Luan River into Tianjin". Panjiakou Reservoir is the main project of diverting Luan River to Tianjin. It is one of the reservoirs in North China. It is composed of a river blocking dam and two auxiliary dams. The largest area is 72 square kilometers, the deepest is 80 meters, the total capacity of the reservoir is 2.93 billion cubic meters, and the water surface of the reservoir area is 105000 mu. On both sides of the reservoir, the mountain peaks are steep and the rocks are like a forest. Xifengkou, where the reservoir is located, is the fortress of the ancient Great Wall. Because part of the Great Wall has been submerged, the underwater Great Wall, a wonder of the Great Wall, is formed.

Project overview

Panjiakou Reservoir is located at the junction of Tangshan City and Chengde area in Hebei Province. The control area above the dam site is 33700km2, accounting for 75% of the whole basin area (the whole basin area of Luanhe River is 44600km2). The annual average runoff above the dam site is 2.45 billion cubic meters, accounting for 53% of the annual average runoff of the whole basin (the annual average runoff of the whole basin is 4.6 billion cubic meters).

Panjiakou hydro junction project includes Panjiakou Reservoir Dam, Xiachi hydro junction, two auxiliary dams and hydropower station behind the dam. Panjiakou Reservoir is the source of the whole Luanhe diversion project. The crest elevation of the main dam is 230.50m (Dagu elevation), the normal pool level is 222.00m, the design flood level is 224.50m, the check flood level is 227.00m, the flood limit level is 216.00m, the flood control storage capacity is 970 million cubic meters, and the Xingli storage capacity is 1.95 billion cubic meters. Based on water supply, combined with water supply and power generation, taking into account flood control and aquaculture, it is a multi-year regulating reservoir with a total capacity of 2.93 billion cubic meters.

Panjiakou water control project is constructed in two phases. The first phase of the project started in October 1975 and was basically completed in 1985. It passed the national acceptance in July 1988. The main buildings of the first phase project are: one main dam, two auxiliary dams, one hydropower station behind the dam, one 150000 kW conventional unit and one 220 kV high voltage switching station. The second phase of the project started construction in the summer of 1984. The main buildings are a gate dam, two 5000 kW conventional units and three 90000 kW energy storage units.

The main dam of Panjiakou Reservoir is a concrete gravity dam with low and wide joints. It is designed according to the 1000 year return period flood and checked according to the 5000 year return period flood. The crest length of the dam is 1039m, the maximum dam height is 107.5m, and the maximum dam bottom width is 90m. The middle part of the dam is equipped with an 18 hole spillway controlled by a 15 × 15m arc steel gate. The maximum discharge capacity of the spillway is 53100 m3 / s. Four bottom outlets are controlled by 4 × 6m radial gate,

The two auxiliary dams are earth dams. The auxiliary dam in Xicheng District and the neck beam do not block water in general. The total installed capacity of Bahou hydropower station is 420000 kW, including one 150000 kW conventional unit and three 90000 kW pumped storage units. The 220 kV high-voltage switch station is located on the right bank of Luanhe river behind the main dam. The main transformer capacity of conventional units is 180000 KVA, and that of pumped storage units is 100000 kVA. The 220 kV high-voltage switch station is imported into Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan power grids through the switch station.

Xiachi hydroproject is composed of gate dam and power station, with effective storage capacity of 10 million cubic meters. It is a daily regulating reservoir and is used in conjunction with the pumped storage units of Panjiakou hydropower station.

Water conservancy function

Luanhe River has a prominent feature that the inflow is very uneven in time distribution. The annual inflow is mainly concentrated in July, August and September, which often accounts for more than 80% of the annual inflow. In addition, the annual variation of the inflow is quite different. For example, the measured runoff at Panjiakou station in 1959 was 7.4 billion cubic meters, compared with 1 billion cubic meters in 1972, with a difference of more than seven times. Therefore, Panjiakou Reservoir is an important control project to develop Luanhe River water resources, regulate runoff and eliminate harm.

The average annual regulating water volume of Panjiakou Reservoir is 1.95 billion cubic meters, the corresponding guarantee rate is 75%, and the regulating flow is 68 cubic meters per second.

Another characteristic of Luanhe River is its large flood peak height. In 1962, the measured maximum flood peak discharge at Panjiakou station was 18800 m3 / s, while in dry season, the minimum discharge was less than 3 m3 / s. Panjiakou Reservoir plays the role of retaining flood and reducing flood peak. In the future, in case of more serious floods, such as the 1962 flood of 18800 m3 / s, it can be reduced to 10000 m3 / s, so as to reduce the downstream flood disaster and ensure the traffic safety of the downstream Jingshan (Beijing Shanhaiguan) railway bridge.

On July 13, 1994, Luanhe River Basin suffered the second largest flood ever recorded, and the first since the operation of Panjiakou Reservoir and Daliang Reservoir. The maximum inflow peak flow of Panjiakou Reservoir was 9870 Due to the reasonable operation of Panjiakou Reservoir and dada reservoir, the pre discharge water level of Panjiakou Reservoir was reduced to 207.00 m before the flood season, which staggered the downstream peak for 8 hours. The leting small dam was saved, the villages with 120000 population and more than 200000 mu of land in the small dam were safe, the Bailongshan power station with 16 million yuan investment from the state was saved, and the loss of the downstream was reduced.

According to the "94.7" flood, it can be seen that the flood discharge standard of the lower reaches of Luanhe River is low, the obstacles are serious, the "94.7" flood, and the peak discharge of Panjiakou Reservoir is 9870 M3 / s, which is only equivalent to the flood with a return period of 20 years in design. However, since there has been no major flood in Luanhe River since 1962, the flood discharge capacity of the river has been greatly reduced, and there are many households, cultivated land, various aquaculture, water conservancy projects in the river, which has brought some difficulties to our flood dispatching work. If the "94.7" flood is discharged according to the design requirements, it will be difficult to imagine the loss along the line and the damage degree of water conservancy projects. Therefore, the problems of obstacle clearing and low flood control standard of Luanhe River should be solved in time. At the same time, we should strengthen the research work of Luanhe peak shifting to avoid the unnecessary flood pressure caused by blind peak shifting to Panjiakou, Daheiting and Taolinkou reservoirs.

Flood control standard

Panjiakou Reservoir: it is designed according to 1000 year return period flood and checked according to 5000 year return period flood.

Flood Index: approved by the Ministry of water resources (1989) No.11 document, Panjiakou Reservoir is used for flood control according to the design flood standard of once in a thousand years.

geographical environment

Panjiakou Reservoir is located in the composite part of southeast tectonic belt and Cathaysian tectonic belt in the subsidence zone of Yanshan Mountains. Its geological structure is complex. The surrounding limestone, dolomite and a small part of shale rock mass, due to water erosion and folding and fracture, have created a series of strange and colorful peaks and cliffs, which are set off by thousands of hectares of blue waves,

With the center of baohekou and jiajia'an, the Shili gallery is almost comparable to Guilin, and there are a large number of grotesque stones. It is a rare first-class landscape in northern China. There are more than ten natural scenic spots in the reservoir area, such as "Shili Gallery", "Xiangbi mountain", "yiyiyitian", "Yueya cave", "elliptical sky", "double eye cave", "Wugui island", "bangchuiyan", "Tianzhu peak", "cave mountain", "houer mountain".

Before the construction of Panjiakou Reservoir, fish and shrimp leaped here, rice and flowers on both sides were fragrant, trees were thick, and the scenery was beautiful. It can be called "little Jiangnan" in northern China. After the impoundment, there are more than 20 natural and artificial tourist attractions. The xifengkou area where Panjiakou Reservoir is located is famous for the ancient Great Wall fortress. Taking the ancient military engineering as the main body, a series of ancient cultural tourist attractions have been formed, including "xifengkou fortress", "songtingguan fortress", "Panjiakou Great Wall" and many legendary ancient sites. In the reservoir area, you can also enjoy four of the "eight scenes outside the mouth" in Kuancheng County: Dushan snow, fish scales, wanta Huangya and Dumu Xianqiao.

Main attractions

Landscape of Panjiakou Reservoir

The main landscapes are Dushan snow, fish scales, wanta Huangya and dumuxian bridge. Its mountain is a part of Yanshan mountain. Because Yanshan mountain is located in the land of yanzhao, it is different from the beautiful and elegant mountains in the south. For thousands of years, the thunder and lightning cutting and the fierce wind outside the Great Wall make the mountains here present a kind of experience. The vegetation on the mountain is very good. It is mainly pine trees. The dense pine trees are full of the unique fragrance of pine trees. When the mountain wind blows through the pine forest, there will be a sound like the surging waves of the sea in the branches and trees of the pine trees, which is the pine waves. There are many fruit trees in the mountains, the most common of which is chestnut. This is one of the producing areas of high-quality chestnut. A large number of chestnut are exported to Japan every year. Due to the special relationship between soil and water, the chestnut produced is big, sweet, fragrant and nutritious. The ecological environment here is well maintained,

From time to time, you can see wild animals such as rabbits, pheasants, squirrels, and wild vegetables everywhere, which can satisfy you who have lived in the city for a long time. When you come to Panjiakou Reservoir, you must try the fresh fish. But one thing to be reminded is that tourists should never pick wild vegetables or mushrooms at will. They should eat them under the guidance of local people or in local restaurants,

Because some wild vegetables or mushrooms are inedible or poisonous.

There are towering mountains, there must be lingering water, such a match can be

Chinese PinYin : Pan Jia Kou Shui Ku