Dongzhaigang Mangrove Nature Reserve

Dongzhaigang Mangrove Nature Reserve is about 30 kilometers away from the city center and 12 kilometers away from Haikou Meilan International Airport. It straddles Yanfeng Town, Sanjiang farm and Sanjiang Town of Meilan District, Haikou City, and borders luodou farm in Wenchang City. The total coastline is 84 kilometers. It is the first Mangrove Nature Reserve in China. Different from the mangroves in other places, the dense mangroves in Dongzhai Harbor will be submerged by the tide at high tide, only the emerald green crown will be exposed and ripple with the waves, becoming a spectacular "sea forest". In addition, it is also a "Bird Paradise" and a "natural breeding farm".

Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve

synonym

Dongzhaigang Mangrove Nature Reserve generally refers to Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve

Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve is located in the northeast of Hainan Province, Yanfeng Town, Meilan District, Haikou City. Its geographical coordinates are 110 ° 32 ′～ 110 ° 37 ′ E and 19 ° 51 ′～ 20 ° 1 ′ n. It is a wetland type nature reserve.

Dongzhaigang Mangrove is the largest coastal beach forest in China, with a total coastline of 28 km, which is one of the eight most beautiful coastlines in Hainan. Because of the land sinking into the sea, the shape is like a funnel, the coastline twists and turns, there are many bays, the Lagoon Beach surface is flat, and mangroves are distributed in the whole coastal shoal. Mangroves in the reserve are known as "marine Forest Park" and "submarine village" with world geological wonders.

Mangrove Reserve has 204 species of birds, 115 species of mollusks, 119 species of fish, more than 70 species of crabs and more than 40 species of shrimps. It is a treasure house of species genes and resources. In addition to biodiversity, mangrove also has many unique ecological functions, which are little known. For example, the breakwater has a huge role in disaster prevention and mitigation. Secondly, it can purify the environment, including the air purification function, water purification function and soil purification function. It is known as the "green oxygen bar".

Historical evolution

In 1605, Qiongzhou earthquake occurred, which sank 72 villages and formed Dongzhai port.

Hainan Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve was established with the approval of Guangdong Provincial People's Government in January 1980.

In July 1986, it was promoted to the national level with the approval of the State Council. It is the first Mangrove Wetland Nature Reserve established in China.

It was listed in the list of international important wetlands in 1992.

In 2000, the research on mangrove wetland ecosystem positioning in Dongzhaigang, Hainan Province was started. In 2004, it was promoted to the ecological positioning station of the State Forestry Administration. It is the only Wetland Ecological Station in China that studies the structure, function and ecological process of mangrove ecosystem.

In 2006, it was rated as a demonstration reserve by the State Forestry Administration.

geographical environment

Location context

Hainan Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve is located in the northeast of Hainan Province, at the junction of Haikou City and Wenchang City. Its geographical coordinates are 110 ° 32 ′～ 110 ° 37 ′ E and 19 ° 51 ′～ 20 ° 1 ′ n. It is a wetland type nature reserve. The total area of the reserve is 3337.6 hectares, the core area is 1635 hectares, the buffer area is 1167.1 hectares, and the experimental area is 535.5 hectares, including 1771 hectares of mangroves

The beach area is 1759.4 hectares.

topographic features

Dongzhai port was formed in a great earthquake in 1605, more than 300 years ago. The coastline is tortuous and tortuous. The bay is open and funnel-shaped. The beach surface is flat and slightly stepped. There are many tortuous and tortuous tidal gullies in it. At high tide, the channel is full of water and the beach surface is submerged; at low tide, the beach surface is exposed and forms a broken marsh beach surface. Mangroves are distributed in the coastal shoals. The coastal area is a brackish swamp. The water depth of the bay is generally within 4 meters. The highest chlorine content in seawater is 33.44%, the lowest is 9.3 ‰, and the average is 21.86 ‰

climate

The reserve has a tropical monsoon climate, with an annual average temperature of 23.8 ℃ (28.4 ℃ in July and 17.1 ℃ in January), annual rainfall of 1700mm, and many typhoons in rainy season, which bring about strong winds and rainstorms. The highest seawater temperature is 32.6 ℃, the lowest is 14.6 ℃, and the average is 24.5 ℃.

hydrology

There are malinggou River and Yanzhou River in the East, three rivers in the south, Yanfeng River and Xihe River in the west, taolan River in Tashi city in the north. In addition, there are some short rivers flowing through the reserve into the sea.

Protected objects

overview

The main protected objects in this area are coastal mangrove ecosystem, rare and endangered species represented by waterfowl and biodiversity in this area.

Botany

There are 35 species in 19 families of mangrove plants, including 23 species in 11 families of true mangrove plants and 12 species in 9 families of semi mangrove plants, accounting for 97% of the total mangrove species in China, Among them, 11 species are rare and endangered mangrove plants in China, including Sonneratia hainanensis, water coconut, Sonneratia ovata, Sonneratia pseudosa, Melia azedarach, mangrove, halopteris acuminata, Botrytis palustris, Yurui, Hibiscus syriacus and silverleaf.

animal

There are 194 species of birds The rare bird species include black faced Spoonbill, white bellied Harrier, white headed Harrier, spotted headed bunting, orange breasted green dove, osprey, brown winged crow cuckoo, black winged Kite, Black Kite, kestrel, yellow billed egret, grey goose, collared owl, green billed ground cuckoo, common bunting, little crow cuckoo, peregrine falcon and jungle fowl. The most common birds in the reserve are pond heron, little egret, great egret and cattle The results showed that the species of black backed heron, night heron, grey heron, green heron, green winged duck, red footed snipe, green footed snipe, silky starling, brown backed Shrike, iron billed Sandpiper and Mongolian Sandpiper. There are 103 species of fish, mainly including sea bream, mullet, Channa sinensis, Anguilla sinensis and perch. Crabs mainly include Scylla serrata, crabs in marsh tide and crabs in Xiangshou, and shrimps mainly include Penaeus monodon, shrimps in mouth and shrimps in drum. There are 115 species of mollusks, including leicai snail, purple snail, spotted rib snail, black mouth snail, rough snail, mangrove clam, conus clavatus, Oncorhynchus clavatus, Scapharca subcrenata, mud clam, Haiyue, oyster near river, Crassostrea capillaris, oyster reunion, purple clam, Sinonovacula constricta, razor clam Solen, clam Meretrix Meretrix meretrix, red meat River clam and Crassostrea marginata.

Key target

Mangrove is a special forest plant community in tropical and subtropical coastal areas. Mangrove is only distributed in coastal areas of a few southern provinces in China. Dongzhai port and its adjacent beaches still have mangroves with large area and good growth, and the number of mangrove species is the largest in China. There are about 40 mangrove species in the world, 24 species in China, and 19 species in Dongzhai port. The establishment of the reserve plays an important role in protecting biodiversity and maintaining ecological balance of the bay. There are 32 species in 16 families of mangrove plants, among which water coconut, mangrove plum, Sonneratia hainanensis, Sonneratia ovata, Sonneratia pseudohainanensis, Melia azedarach, sycamore and halopteris acuminata are precious species. Sonneratia hainanensis and halopteris acuminata are endemic to Hainan. The main mangrove communities in this area are (1) Bruguiera community, (2) mangrove community, (3) hornwort community, (4) Avicennia marina community, (5) Kandelia community, (6) mangrove community, (7) water Coconut Community, (8) brine fern community, (9) Tung flower community, (10) olive plum community, (11) mangrove + hornwort community, (12) hornwort + Tung flower community, (13) Sonneratia Alba community+ Kandelia candel community.

The main mangrove species in Dongzhaigang are mangrove, mangrove, mangrove, mangrove, mangrove and so on.

Protection status

Infrastructure

At present, Dongzhaigang Mangrove positioning station has 150 square meters of tidal simulation laboratory, 4 automatic tidal wave observation platforms, 6 electronic weather stations (including 1 standard weather station), 16 fixed sample plots, 1 bird observation house, 2 analysis laboratories and 1 test nursery. There are Li cor 6400 photosynthesis meter, li3000c leaf area meter, telescope, ultrasonic altimeter, sediment collector, water sampler, Nova water quality meter, micro-computer calorimeter, ultra clean worktable, oscillation incubator, pen type fluorescence meter, hand-held meteorological meter, self counting water level meter, hand-held refractometer and other advanced equipment.

management

Dongzhaigang Mangrove positioning station has 10 fixed researchers and 5 with master's and doctor's degrees. The station provides a field experiment and research platform for domestic research institutes and universities, and makes important contributions to the research of mangrove wetland restoration, biodiversity, disaster prevention and mitigation benefits.

Scientific research achievements

From 2000 to 2005, Dongzhaigang Mangrove positioning station undertook more than 20 scientific research projects, with an accumulated scientific research fund of more than 11 million yuan. Since the establishment of the positioning station, three scientific research achievements have won national, provincial and ministerial awards, among which "Research on afforestation and management technology of main mangrove tree species" has won the second prize of national science and technology progress award. He has published 5 translated works and more than 80 papers on mangrove wetland research. Two technical regulations, technical regulations for mangrove afforestation and technical regulations for mangrove control of Spartina, were formulated, and two national invention patents were applied.

mangrove

Chinese PinYin : Dong Zhai Gang Hong Shu Lin Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu