Shouxian ancient city

Shouxian ancient city wall

synonym

Shouxian ancient city generally refers to Shouxian ancient city wall

Shouxian ancient city wall, located in Shouxian County, Huainan City, Anhui Province, was built in the Song Dynasty and rebuilt in the Xining period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1068-1077). It was repaired many times in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has gone through more than 900 years.

Shouxian city wall has four gates, the east gate is called Binyang, the south gate is called Tongfei, the west gate is called Dinghu, and the north gate is called Jinghuai. And the four door urn is still preserved. As an ancient building from Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, Shouxian city wall is also a landmark building that embodies the wisdom and strength of the ancient working people. In June 2001, it was approved as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. And in 2012, it was included in the preparatory list of China's world cultural heritage "Chinese Ming and Qing City Wall" project.

Evolution of construction

Shouxian ancient city wall was built in Song Dynasty. It took more than 150 years from the year of Xining in Northern Song Dynasty (1068) to the year of Jiading in Southern Song Dynasty (1220). Later, it was repaired and perfected 15 times in Ming Dynasty and 14 times in Qing Dynasty.

In the 12th year of ningzong (1206) of the Southern Song Dynasty, the capital of Jiankang was rebuilt by Xu Jun, and the words "made by Xu Jun in Jiankang" were also common on the wall tiles.

In the second year of Ming Dynasty (1437), on the new day of June in summer, there was a strong northwest wind and a huge wave. The city wall collapsed 798 feet, the shore was more than 6650 feet, and the buildings and stones were all gone for a while. After a long period of rain, there were nine kinds of bad things, such as government offices, buildings, barracks and so on.

In 1538, Yang Zhan, the censor of the Ming Dynasty, built a stone bank to protect the city, which is 3 meters high and 8 meters wide, at the foot of the outer wall of the city wall. The inner entrance is connected with the foundation of the city wall, and the outer entrance is built with strips of stone.

It was overhauled in the first year of Wanli (1573). Zhang Mengchan wrote: "the water jar in the city of Shou City covers the water in the garden." * in the southwest of the city, the steep terrain, near sevton, northeast and northwest, is still in existence today. Today, there are two culverts, one in the northeast and the other in the northwest. They are cylindrical dam walls of brick and stone structure, which are called "Moon dam". They are the same height as the city wall. They were created by Liu Huan, the governor of the state in 1755.

It was rebuilt in 1874.

In April 1884 and March of the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, two regular script stone inscriptions, chongyongzhangliu (inscribed by Qian luzeng of Wuzhong) and jintangkui (inscribed by Pengcheng sun of Shen'an), were rebuilt. The main reason is that "Moon dam" type is better than plain culvert. When the water rise outside the city is higher than the height of the culvert outlet, the level inside the dam will rise and cannot flow back into the city.

From 1938 to 1939, the Japanese aggressors captured Shoucheng three times. When the Japanese attacked the city for the first time, the artillery burst through the North Gate Tower. During the Japanese occupation, the pheasant, the painting Pavilion, the Wenfeng tower and the four gate towers were destroyed one after another.

In 1940, in order to control the main points of water and land transportation, the Japanese invaders fought fiercely with the Red Army on the ancient city wall of Shouxian County, which played an important role in military defense. Since then, its main function began to turn to flood control.

The ancient city wall of Shouxian has completed its historical mission for a long time, but it still protects the residents of the ancient capital.

In the first half of 1987, the inner eaves of the north gate, the city building of the East Gate (Binyang gate) and some battlements were rebuilt. In July, the wall of the east line was strengthened.

Architectural pattern

Shouxian ancient city wall is located in the South Bank of the Huaihe River, at the foot of Bagong mountain. The ancient city is slightly square, checkerboard layout. The perimeter of the city wall is 7147 meters, the height is 9.7 meters, the bottom width is 18-20 meters, and the top width is 6-10 meters. The city covers an area of 3.65 square kilometers. The wall base of the city wall is surrounded by stones, the middle of the wall is compacted with clay, and the outer wall is covered with extra large green bricks. Brick and stone joints are filled with tung oil and glutinous rice juice mixed with lime slurry. On the city wall, there are "enemy tower" and "police auxiliary". On the outer edge of the top of the wall, there are "battlements", that is, a low wall with stacks. The city has four gates with their names engraved on them: East Binyang, Nantong Fei, Xiding lake and North Jinghuai. And each has its own urn. Among them, the West wengmen goes out in the north, the North wengmen goes out in the west, the east gate and the wengmen are parallel and staggered in the plane, and they both go out in the East, while the south gate and the wengmen are on the same central axis. There is a suspension bridge outside the four gates and a moat outside the city.

Architectural function

The special shape and structure of Shouxian ancient city wall are mainly reflected in three aspects: first, there is a special stone dike at the foot of the outer wall of the city wall; second, the angle of the inner and outer doors of the urn is treated; third, the Moon dam is built on the city culvert (Shuiguan).

The geographical environment of the city is ingenious. Besides military defense, it also has important waterproof function. This is also one of the important reasons why the ancient city pool can be completely preserved. In the Ming Dynasty, in order to strengthen the foundation of the city, stones were laid on the outside of the wall to protect the city. There were two sluice gates in the East and west of the north of the city, from which the water in the city could be drained out. In flood season, the culvert gate can be closed automatically to prevent external water from pouring into the city. Inscribed with the titles of "strengthening the golden soup" and "obstructing the flow of Chongyong", hane is a true portrayal of the solid and majestic city wall of Shouzhou. In 1991, the ancient city withstood the siege of the worst flood in a century, showing its special function.

Cultural relics

wall

The ancient city of Shouxian was built by the ancients because of the war and preserved and strengthened by the people after the flood. Shouxian ancient city wall was built in the Southern Song Dynasty, with brick wall and stone foundation. The city has four gates and each has its own urn. It not only has a complete military defense system, but also has the function of waterproof and flood control. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shouxian ancient city wall has been constantly renovated according to the needs of defense war and flood control. It still maintains the style of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancient city wall is not only the best preserved ancient city wall of Song Dynasty in China, but also the best preserved ancient city defense system in the world.

Stone dike

The ancient city wall of Shouxian county is built with a 3-meter-high and 8-meter-wide embankment at the foot of the wall. It is a stone embankment built by Yang Zhan, the imperial censor of Shouzhou in the Ming Dynasty. It is also called bo'an. Its inner entrance is connected with the base of the wall, while the outer entrance is built with strips of stone. The stone dike adds a strong defense line for the whole city wall, withstands the direct impact of the flood on the foundation of the city wall, gains time for strengthening the city defense, and makes the heightening of the city wall project of great significance, which can be called the city outside the city. Since the Qing Dynasty, the stone dike has been repaired several times.

Moon dam

Yueba appeared in Shouxian County in the first year of Wanli (1573). The so-called Moon dam is a cylindrical dam wall with a brick and stone structure, with the corner top of the inner section of the city as the center. Its diameter is 7.7 meters and the wall thickness is 0.5 meters, which is higher than the city wall. It is surrounded by a thick embankment, which looks like a hill from a distance. Stone steps are set in the Moon dam, which can be passed down along the steps. Bricks are laid on the culvert ditch at the bottom of the dam, and several gates are set. The Moon dam has four functions: first, it can protect the culvert gate as a whole and isolate it from the outside, so as to avoid the inundation of inland water; second, it can enter the dam at any time to open and close the gate and control the flow freely; third, it can compare the internal and external water levels in time; fourth, it can completely eliminate the hidden danger of the disaster caused by the backflow of external water "Consolidate" reputation.

In the northeast of Shouxian city wall, there is a building similar to Shanbao, which is the ancient Han cave, namely shuiguanyue dam. There are three "moon dams" in Shouxian County, one in the northeast, one in the northwest and one in the southwest of the city, and only two in the northeast and the northwest corner.

city gate

The ancient city wall of Shouxian has four gates. Dongmen, known as "Binyang", means that the guests in Dongmen every day are the sun admired by all things. The original "Binyang building" was destroyed in the war of Japanese invaders. In 1986, it was constructed by Suzhou classical garden design office, referring to the design drawings of Song Dynasty, and restored in April 1987. The ancient battlefield of the Feishui battle, in which the weak prevailed over the strong, was in Shouxian county. Facing Shouxi lake, Ximen is named Dinghu. The north gate is called "Jinghuai". Facing the Huaihe River, there are constant floods and people are often worried about it. It is called "Jinghuai". I hope the Huaihe River will be calm and peaceful. The moat at the south gate connects with Feishui, which symbolizes the communication between boats, the prosperity of Commerce and the world of friends, so it is named Feitong. The four gates are all equipped with urn City, with two gates inside and outside. After Jiajing of Ming Dynasty, except for the south gate, the outer gate of the East Gate moved northward, 4 meters away from the central axis. The inner and outer gateways of the west gate and the north gate were 90 degrees, forming a "Fei" shaped gateway. The outer gate of the west gate was northward, and the outer gate of the north gate was westward. In this way, if the flood entered the Wengcheng, it would become a vortex, which could reduce the pressure of the flood on the inner gate.

There are two culverts at the foot of the city wall. The main function of the city culvert is to drain the water in the city in time to ensure the safety of the city. Before the Ming Dynasty, Shouxian City culvert was no different from the general culvert. The culvert was set on the flat ground. One end of the culvert was connected to the city wall and went down to the outside of the city. The other end, that is, the culvert section connected with the inland river, could not adapt to the situation of flood year after year Even worse, due to the uncontrolled opening and closing of the culvert gates, there are also worries about the inflow of external water into the city.

Stone Carving

Shouxian ancient city wall gate East, South, West three old stone. There are two characters on the north wall of the east gate, one is that "the heart is not enough and the snake swallows the image", the other is that "the Phoenix is not as good as the chicken". The east wall of the South Gate urn city is close to the door, and a stone figure is carved, which is called "the man in the gate". From Li yuanzang assassin killed Chun in Jimen, Shouchun

Chinese PinYin : Shou Xian Gu Cheng