Dahaituo Nature Reserve

Dahaituo National Nature Reserve

synonym

Dahaituo nature reserve generally refers to Dahaituo National Nature Reserve

Dahaituo National Nature Reserve is located in the northwest of Beijing and the southwest of Chicheng County, Hebei Province, 100 km away from Beijing, with a total area of 11224.9 hectares. The main peak of Haituo mountain is 2241 meters above sea level. The reserve is a typical type of mountain forest ecosystem, which is typical and representative in the vertical zonation of vegetation and biogeographical flora in North China. The nature reserve is located in temperate zone, with complex and diverse natural ecological environment and obvious vertical distribution of vegetation, including the natural scenery from temperate zone to cold temperate zone. It is the epitome of the main vegetation types from temperate zone to cold temperate zone in Eurasia.

Historical evolution

In July 1999, with the approval of the people's Government of Hebei Province, Dahaituo Provincial Nature Reserve was established.

In June 2003, No. 54 document issued by the State Council Office officially approved the promotion to National Nature Reserve.

geographical environment

climate

Dahaituo area is located in the warm temperate continental monsoon climate zone. Affected by the altitude and terrain conditions, compared with the county, the temperature is lower and the humidity is higher, forming a typical mountain climate. It has the climate characteristics of cold winter, cool summer and short spring and autumn. It is one of the low temperature areas in the county. According to the observation data of the meteorological department of Chicheng County, the annual average temperature is 5.5 ℃, the average temperature of the coldest month in January is - 11.7 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 27.6 ℃. The average temperature of the hottest month in July is 21 ℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 30.1 ℃. The early frost begins in late September, and the late frost ends in mid April. The frost free period is 120 days. The annual average sunshine is 2827 hours, the accumulated temperature is 2551 ℃ and the annual average precipitation is 483.3 mm, which is concentrated in July to August in summer, and the annual evaporation is 1771 mm. The vertical zonation of climate is obvious, from the bottom to the top, it can be divided into: warm climate zone of low mountains with an altitude of 1000-1500m; warm and humid climate zone of the lower part of the middle mountain with an altitude of 1500-1600m; cold and humid climate zone of the upper part of the middle mountain with an altitude of 1600-1800m; alpine and semi humid climate zone of the top of the mountain with an altitude of more than 1800m. Another characteristic of mountain climate is the diversity and complexity of microclimate due to the difference of topography. There are obvious differences in temperature and precipitation due to the differences of Valley trend, width and slope length. There are also some differences in the temperature and humidity of the main valleys in the area.

hydrology

Heihe River, Baihe River and Honghe River in Chicheng County belong to the Baihe River system of Haihe River Basin. The surface water produced in the basin is an important water source of Miyun Reservoir in Beijing. Dahaituo area belongs to the Honghe River Basin of Chicheng County. Eight daganggou in the whole area flow into the main channel, Hewan channel, and then into the Honghe River. The water flow in the valley varies greatly throughout the year. In rainy season, the water flow is large, and even flash floods occur in rainstorms. In dry season, the water flow in the valley becomes small, which is mainly recharged by groundwater. The granite body in the area is developed with fault fracture zone of East-West and north-east direction and a large number of fissures. The weathering crust is relatively thick and the vegetation coverage is high, which creates extremely favorable conditions for the storage and migration of groundwater. The surface water is often replenished by the form of fissure water and spring water after the atmospheric precipitation seeps into the ground, which results in the continuous flow of water in the main gullies throughout the year and the breeding of fish in the main gullies. There are two main springs in the area: one is Haituo mountain pool, also known as Heilong pool, which is located in the secluded valley at the east foot of Haituo mountain 5km south of Shitou village, dongxingbao township; the other is Niangniang seam spring, which is located under the cliff on the east side of "Erliban" at the entrance of Haituo mountain. The water spurts out from the granite cracks. Due to artificial rock blasting in the 1960s, the water does not spurt, but it still flows by itself today. According to the survey, the amount of surface water resources in Dahaituo area has a decreasing trend in the past 10 years; in the past, some gullies, such as Daxigou, had been running water all the year round, but did not flow until the dry season of 2013; in the past, Dadonggou, which had a large flow in the valley, had a smaller flow in 2013, indicating that the water source is in urgent need of conservation. On the other hand, it is reported that during the summer storm period in the past 10 years, mountain torrents often break out in gullies, leading to soil erosion, which indicates that the forest ecology in the area is in great need of protection and construction.

soil

（1） The vertical distribution of soil, the formation and change of soil is under the comprehensive action of parent material, climate, topography, biology and time. The zonal soils in Haituo area are brown soil and brown forest soil, and their distribution has obvious vertical zonal characteristics: 1. 2. Brown forest soil is mainly distributed in sunny slope of 1500-1800m above sea level and shady slope of 1400m above sea level. The grass brown soil was developed under the meadow vegetation of 1800m forest edge. 3. Mountain meadow soil is distributed under the top meadow and shrub above 1800m above sea level. (2) soil type

The results show that: (1) forest soluble cinnamon soil is mainly distributed in the low mountain loess platform and river valley, below 1300m above sea level, which is one of the main soil types, including three sub types: (1) forest soluble cinnamon soil is distributed in the low mountain and deep mountain valley below Brown soil. The parent material is mainly eluvial slope deposit with strong dissolution. There is no lime reaction and calcareous deposit in the topsoil. The color is brown. The soil layer is thin and medium. The texture is sandy loam light loam with gravel on the surface. The content of organic matter is low. It is dominated by shrubs and grasses. (2) calcareous cinnamon soil subclass It includes four soil genera: ① cultivated Malan Loess calcareous cinnamon soil, ② cultivated secondary loess calcareous cinnamon soil, ③ cultivated sandy alluvial proluvial calcareous cinnamon soil, and ④ cultivated loamy alluvial proluvial calcareous cinnamon soil.

(3) The subspecies of cinnamon soil include six soil genera, which are distributed on the residual slope parent material in the vertical zone of low mountain cinnamon soil. The parent material is often exposed. The soil layer is very thin, coarse texture, and contains a lot of gravel. It belongs to coarse skeletal soil, with poor nutrients, dry soil and cinnamon soil characteristics, but it is not well developed. There are few protected areas.

2. Brown soil is distributed above 900m above sea level, and its lower part is connected with cinnamon soil. Forest grass slope, semi humid, cool and humid climate conditions, the average organic mass is more than 5%, cultivated land is 2.5%, showing acid reaction, pH 5.5 ~ 6.5, the structure is surface aggregates, the edge structure below the core layer is obvious

3. The soil types of mountain meadow are distributed under the top meadow and shrub vegetation above 1800m above sea level, and the soil genera and species are not classified.

Regional scope

Hebei Dahaituo National Nature Reserve is located at the northwest foot of Haituo mountain in the southwest of Chicheng County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. It is adjacent to Yanqing County, Beijing in the south, and connects with Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve with Haituo ridge line as the boundary, Huailai County in Hebei Province in the west, diao'e town and Dahaituo Township in Chicheng County in the northeast. It is about 15km wide from east to west and 13km long from north to south, with a total land area of 128.6km2.

Protection target

National class I and II key protected wild animals, such as leopard, gazelle, white shoulder eagle, Golden Eagle, goshawk, sparrow hawk, common buzzard, red footed falcon, kestrel, red horned owl, collared owl, eagle owl, long eared owl, spoon chicken, and some wild endangered plant species.

natural resources

Animal resources

The natural environment of the reserve is relatively complex, with rich vegetation types and dense plant growth, which creates good conditions for the survival and habitat of wild animals. After preliminary investigation, there are 206 species and subspecies of vertebrates belonging to 66 families in the reserve. There are 30 species in 14 families of mammals, 146 species and subspecies in 42 families of birds, 16 species in 6 families of reptiles, 2 species in 2 families of amphibians and 12 species in 2 families of fishes. Among the 205 species of vertebrates in the reserve, 17 species of wild animals, such as leopard, lynx, gazelle, leopard cat, white shoulder eagle, black crane, Golden Eagle, spoon chicken, eagle, Falcon and crow, are listed as the national key protected species. There are 111 species of terrestrial vertebrates listed in the list of terrestrial wild animals beneficial to national protection or of important economic and scientific research value. There are 17 species of wild animals listed in the International Convention on endangered species of Wild Fauna and flora. In particular, the discovery of lynx raised a new topic for the study of mammals in North China.

plant resources

Haituo mountain has a long geological history, and its modern ecological environment is complex and diverse, which provides external power and place for the origin, migration and differentiation of different regional components. Therefore, it constitutes the diversity of modern flora. The nature reserve is a typical mountain forest ecosystem in north temperate zone, which is very representative in North China. The forest is well preserved, and there are many species. Pine and birch become forests, and the vegetation coverage rate reaches more than 80%. There are more than 2000 kinds of animals and plants, and the proportion of floristic species per unit area is 27 times higher than the national average. This area is located in the middle mountain area of warm temperate zone, and the zonal vegetation is warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest. Because it is located in the deep mountain area and sparsely populated, the damage of the original vegetation is lighter and the recovery is faster. Due to the obvious vertical band spectrum of climate in the region, the vertical band spectrum of vegetation is relatively complete. From the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain, there are subalpine meadow, coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest. Subalpine meadows are distributed above 2000 meters above sea level, with perennial weeds accounting for the majority

Chinese PinYin : Da Hai Tuo Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu