Yunzhou reservoir

Yunzhou reservoir

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Yunzhou reservoir, located at sheshenyashan gorge, 20 kilometers north of Chicheng County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, is a large-scale type-2 reservoir in the upper reaches of Baihe River, the main tributary of Chaobai River. It controls a drainage area of 1170 square kilometers and has a total investment of 31 million yuan. It is a comprehensive water conservancy project integrating flood control, irrigation, development and fish culture.

General situation of reservoir

The large reservoir on the Baihe River is located at sheshenyashan gorge, Yunzhou Township, 20 kilometers north of Chicheng County, Hebei Province. With a total storage capacity of 102 million cubic meters and a controlled drainage area of 1170 square kilometers, it has the functions of flood control, irrigation and water supply.

The slopes on both sides of the dam site are exposed rock mass, which is very steep. The river bed is a U-shaped Valley, 80-100m wide. The riverbed of the dam foundation is mainly composed of sand and gravel, with a maximum thickness of 19.5m. The reservoir area is located in the leeward area of Yanshan mountain, with an average annual precipitation of 421.5mm, accounting for more than 80% of the annual precipitation in flood season. The water quality of the reservoir has been kept in class I-III. Before the 1980s, the highest amount of sediment was 500000 cubic meters. By the end of 1990s, the amount of sediment reached more than 1 million cubic meters. After 2000, 221.31 square kilometers of soil and water loss area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were controlled successively, which reduced the amount of sediment into the reservoir.

The reservoir was started in 1958, stopped in 1961, rebuilt in 1969, and put into operation in October 1972. In 1974, the temporary extraordinary spillway was added. In 1978 and 1987, the spillway was rebuilt. In 1986, the extraordinary spillway retaining dam was added. From 1993 to 1995, the dam foundation anti-seepage treatment, the water conveyance and power generation tunnel anti roughening lining were carried out, and the extraordinary spillway retaining dam was expanded into an auxiliary dam. In January 1998, Zhangbei and Shangyi County had a magnitude 6.2 earthquake, and the reservoir buildings were damaged to varying degrees. In that year, the upstream and downstream dam slopes of the main dam were repaired and the traffic bridge of the power supply tunnel was reconstructed, reaching the current scale.

The project is composed of dam, auxiliary dam, spillway tunnel, water conveyance and power generation tunnel and power station. The dam is a homogeneous earth dam with a top length of 183.4m and a maximum height of 43.15m. The crest is 7.5m wide and 1041.22m high (Yellow Sea elevation, the same below). The crest has wave wall and lighting facilities with width of 0.5m and height of 1.1m. The auxiliary dam is a homogeneous earth dam, which is located on the ancient river channel on the right side of the main dam, with length of 29m, height of 6.49m, width of 3.0m and crest elevation of 1040.16m. The spillway tunnel is located on the left bank of the dam, which is a circular pressure tunnel with length of 412.9m, diameter of 8.0m and maximum discharge capacity of 726 cubic meters The water conveyance and power generation tunnel is located on the right bank of the dam. It is a circular pressure tunnel with a length of 195.7 meters, a diameter of 3 meters and a maximum water conveyance capacity of 75 cubic meters per second. The power station is of the type behind the dam with an installed capacity of 3 × 400 kW.

After the completion of the reservoir, as of 2004, it has provided 180 million cubic meters of irrigation water, 40 million kilowatt hours of power generation, 2000 tons of fish production, and 260 million cubic meters of water supply for Beijing. It has impounded more than 40 times of disastrous floods of 300-100 cubic meters per second, protecting the traffic roads, military facilities, 100000 population and 13300 hectares of farmland downstream of the reservoir.

Reservoir scenery

The mountains in the basin fluctuate. The highest peak in the East is 2210 meters above sea level, and the highest peak in the west is 2100 meters above sea level. The reservoir area is flat and fertile farmland. After the completion of the reservoir, 242.2 hectares of farmland will be inundated, followed by 2 villages with a population of 1215. After 1973, more than 60 hectares of pines and cypresses, 30 hectares of willows and 3 hectares of ornamental trees and flowers were planted along the Bank of the reservoir area, forming a beautiful natural scenery.

The water surface of the reservoir area is wide, and the vast Bashang grassland lies in the north. The dam site of the reservoir is called dugumen in shuijingzhu, Longmen cliff in Tang Dynasty, Longmen gorge in Qing Dynasty, and Sheshen cliff in common. The cliff is 145 meters high and faces east and West. It is a complete granite body. It is also called erhu mountain with two peaks facing each other. The Baihe River and the ancient post road pass by from then on, which is the only way to leave the fortress. There are dozens of yuan and Ming stone carvings on the cliff, such as "three roads and throat". Among them, sun Yuxian, the censor of Zhili in the Ming Dynasty, inscribed "Shuofang barrier", which is as broad as a house and powerful. Sheshen cliff is 500 meters long. The Huguo temple, an ancient temple built in the Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty (1465-1487), is located among the trees. There is Lingzhen temple at the foot of Jinge mountain, 5000 meters southwest of Sheshen cliff. It was the Daoist place of Qi Zhicheng, the fourth disciple of Qiu Chuji in the 10th year of Chunyou (1250) of Southern Song Dynasty. It was named Yunxi temple at that time. After 10 years of hard work, Qi Zhicheng was honored as a great master of Quanzhen religion. There is a tablet of Qi Zhenren's Taoism in the temple.

Reservoir characteristics

Yunzhou reservoir is located at sheshenyashan gorge in the north of Yunzhou village, Chicheng County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. It is a large (II) type water conservancy project mainly for flood control and irrigation on the Baihe River, a tributary of Chaobai River system. The engineering grade is grade II. The total storage capacity is 102 million cubic meters, the flood control storage capacity is 59.4 million cubic meters, the Xingli storage capacity is 20.4 million cubic meters, the dead storage capacity is 27.7 million cubic meters, the dead water level is 1026.0m, the starting and regulating water level is 1029.7m, the flood limit water level is 1029.7m, the normal water level is 1030.93m, the design flood level is 1035.42m, and the check flood level is 1040.16m.

Technical index

1. Basin characteristics: Yunzhou reservoir is located on the Baihe River, a tributary of Chaobai River, with a controlled basin area of 1170km2. The river channel above the dam site is divided into two branches, the North Branch is 62km long and the West Branch is 45km long, with a total storage capacity of 102 million cubic meters. The average annual rainfall is 450 mm, the average annual water surface evaporation is about 1000 mm, the average annual runoff is 67 million cubic meters, and the average annual sediment discharge is 1.29 million tons. The historical maximum inflow peak discharge is 961m3 / s, which occurred on July 19, 1986. The historical maximum flood level is 1024.58m (Dagu elevation), which occurred on July 19, 1986.

2. Dam: the barrage of Yunzhou reservoir is a homogeneous earth dam with east-west strike, crest elevation of 1042.55m (Dagu elevation, the same below, Dagu elevation-1.328 = 1985 National elevation datum), maximum dam height of 43.15m, crest length of 183.40m and crest width of 6.0m.

The length of the dam bottom is 104m, the width of the dam bottom is 157.7m, the inner slope of the dam is 1:2.83, the outer slope of the dam is 1:1.89, the height of the wave wall is 1m, and the horizontal blanket is used for the seepage prevention of the dam foundation.

3. Extraordinary spillway: the extraordinary spillway is an open overflow weir, which is located on the sandy pebble ancient river channel about 1000m away from the dam on the right bank. The maximum discharge capacity of the spillway is 293m3 / s.

The maximum discharge capacity of the extraordinary spillway is 1250m3 / s, the weir crest is 0.35m high and the weir crest is 30m wide.

4. Outlet tunnel: the outlet tunnel of Yunzhou reservoir includes flood discharge tunnel and power generation water conveyance tunnel.

The spillway tunnel is a pressure circular tunnel with a diameter of 8m, a maximum discharge of 890 m3 / s, and 2 gates of 4x8 m2. The irrigation tunnel is a round pressure tunnel with a diameter of 3M and a maximum discharge of 75m3 / s. The gate is a flat gate, the section size of the entrance gate is 3x2.5 square meters, 1; the section size of the exit gate is 2x2.5 square meters. A fork hole with a diameter of 1.8m is set at the exit. The maximum discharge is 6 m3 / s.

5. Hydropower station: the power station is located on the right side behind the dam, close to the dam toe, with an installed capacity of 3 × 400KW.

6. Reservoir inundation treatment: the land acquisition elevation of Yunzhou reservoir is 1041.2m, the inundated farmland is 3633 mu, the resettlement elevation is 1042m, and the migration population is 1215.

7. Irrigation and water supply: the designed irrigation area of Yunzhou reservoir is 140000 mu, and the designed irrigation area is 68000 mu. At present, the actual irrigation area is about 30000 mu. Since the establishment of the reservoir, the annual average irrigation water supply is 10 million cubic meters.

Flood control standard

The original design standard is 100 year return period flood and the check standard is 1000 year return period flood; after the completion of the reservoir reinforcement project in 1995, the design standard is 100 year return period flood and the check standard is 2000 year return period flood.

Downstream protection object and scope

1. Towns and important industrial and mining areas: Chicheng County, Baihebao reservoir in Beijing and 5 towns;

2. Population: 68000;

3. Cultivated land area: 130000 mu;

4. Highway: Chifeng highway.

5. Important military facilities: national defense communication lines.

Construction and maintenance

Design and construction

The preliminary design of Yunzhou reservoir is completed by the headquarters of Yunzhou reservoir, and the design of danger removal and reinforcement project is completed by Hebei water conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute. It was founded in the spring of 1958, stopped work in 1959 and resumed work in 1968 (May 1969),

Flood detention began in 1970, dam, water conveyance tunnel, flood discharge tunnel and other main works were basically completed in 1972, and power station project was completed in 1973. The original design flood control standard of the reservoir is the 100 year flood design, 1000

Chinese PinYin : Yun Zhou Shui Ku