Baiyangdian Lake

Baiyangdian Lake

Baiyangdian Lake belongs to the South Branch of the Qing Dynasty in the Haihe River Basin. It is the general name of 143 interconnected lakes at the junction of Baoding city and Cangzhou City, with a total area of 366 square kilometers and an average annual water storage of 1.32 billion cubic meters. It is the largest lake in Hebei Province. On the fan depression of the Yongding River and the Hutuo River alluvial fan located at the front of the Taihang Mountains, nine large rivers, including the waterfall, Tanghe, Caohe and Zhilong rivers, are admitted into the lake from three sides of the north, West and south. They are transported into the Daqing River through the flood discharge sluice and overflow weir in the northeast of the lake. * New River

Baiyangdian Lake was affected by topography, climate change, human production and other factors. In history, Baiyangdian Lake shrank and expanded from time to time. From the late 20th century to the early 21st century, Baiyangdian Lake shrank and decreased greatly. It dried up in the 1980s. In 1988, heavy rain restored Baiyangdian Lake area.

Before the Republic of China, Baiyangdian was an important waterway between Baoding and Tianjin. The traditional industries of the lake area are fishery and reed industry. After the 20th century, with the rise of China's domestic tourism, the lake area has gradually become a tourist attraction and was rated as China's 5A tourist attraction in 2007.

Before 2017, Baiyangdian was under the jurisdiction of Baoding city and Cangzhou City in Hebei Province. On April 1, 2017, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council decided to set up xiong'an New Area in Xiong County, Anxin county and Rongcheng county. So far, most of Baiyangdian is under the jurisdiction of xiong'an new area, becoming an important ecological water body for the development of xiong'an new area.

Name evolution

Baiyangdian is the earliest recorded name, or "Zuze". In shuijingzhu, there are dahudian and xiaohudian, that is, dawodian and xiaowodian (wodian is related to the Daqinghe River, which was called wochengshui in ancient times, and wocheng in ancient times in Anxin). It was called goulidian in the Western Jin Dynasty. Zuo Si mentioned "goulidian" in weidufu. Li Shan of Tang Dynasty noted: "the lake of digging carp is in the west of Hejian county.". It was called Xidian in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Xitang in the Northern Song Dynasty and Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Tangluo was built on the border of Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty as a military defense line of Tangpo He Dahua lake, Luoyang lake, niuheng lake, KangChi lake, Chou lake and Baiyang (Yang) lake are one water... " This is the name of Baiyangdian, which appeared in the earlier historical records of the history of Song Dynasty At that time, "Baiyangdian" had become the general name of Baiyangdian. After the Ming Dynasty, people saw that the lake was vast and vast, and the potential was even in the sky, so it evolved into "Baiyangdian". It is one of the 99 lakes in Rongcheng, Xiongxian and Anxin in history, and later called Baiyangdian. In Qing Dynasty, it is called Xidian. The literature of Qing Dynasty "Qing Dynasty entered from Xiong, Jingzhang Qingkou (Wen'an County), Kou Xidian, Kou Dongdian." Because the area of Baiyangdian Lake ranks first among all lakes, it is now called Baiyangdian Lake.

Formation and evolution

Baiyangdian Lake, formed in the late Tertiary and Quaternary, is a part of the ancient basin in the northern Hebei plain and a relic of the ancient yongnusou. Baiyangdian is a part of Bohai depression (XINHUAXIA subsidence belt) in geological structure. As early as the Hercynian movement, it declined twice, and finally sank into the sea at the end of the tertiary, forming the then Beijing bay. Due to the growth and development of alluvial fan and delta in the Yellow River and Haihe River system, Hebei Plain is gradually exposed to the water. The slope flow and distributary flow on the alluvial fan and delta converge with each other in the marginal zone of the alluvial fan or delta, which makes the water storage in the flood spreading low-lying areas become Lake depressions.

These depressions and lakes are distributed in discontinuous belts, such as Dongdian, Baiyangdian, wenanwa, Dalangdian, qianqingwa and some other depressions along the coast.

After the formation of Baiyangdian, due to the change of hydrology and climate, the alternation of sea and land, and the development and utilization of human beings, the ancient Baiyangdian has experienced the evolution process of expansion and contraction. In the Holocene about 10000 years ago, the ancient depression lakes experienced the evolution process of expansion and contraction. In the late stage of early Holocene (10000-7000 B.C.), due to the inflow of hot air from the southeast, more rain and sediment, and the rise of sea level, the dry lake expanded again. In the middle and late Holocene (7500-2500 B.C.), the climate became warm, cool and dry, and the lake water became shallow, even contracted and dried up.

Before the Tang Dynasty, the human influence in Baiyangdian area was relatively small. There is a record in the book of the new Tang Dynasty that there are ninety-nine lakes in Zhuozhou. The lake is connected with the depression, and there is a vast expanse of land. In the early Song Dynasty, Tangluo was built as a military defense line in the Baiyangdian area on the Song Liao border, which once expanded the scope of Baiyangdian. The reclamation and development in the Song Dynasty and the reconstruction of the Grand Canal in the Yuan Dynasty exacerbated the situation of Haihe River's poor discharge, and the flood disasters occurred frequently in Hebei Province. Yuan built Dadu in Beijing and destroyed the forest vegetation in the upper reaches of Yanshan and Taihang Mountains. Soil and water loss increased and sediment increased, which accelerated the deposition of Baiyangdian Lake.

During the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, some lakes in Baiyangdian had been silted to the ground, "the land can be cultivated and eaten, and the central area is a horse ranch." During Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty, Yangcun river burst and Tang river burst into Baiyangdian Lake. The formation of Xu, Cao, Ping, Yimu, Fangshun, Tang, Zi, shajiu River into the lake, Baiyangdian has a modern scale. In order to prevent flooding, large-scale dikes were built. Especially the construction of Qianli dike on the south bank has an important influence on the formation of water surface pattern of Baiyangdian Lake. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Baiyangdian continued to be managed, especially the opening of Baotian canal. In 1763, the boundary between the East and west of Baiyangdian was formally established. "The Qing Dynasty entered from Xiongkou, and went to zhangqingkou (Wen'an County), the West and east of Baiyangdian." By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the government was unable to carry out large-scale water conservancy construction, and the frequent floods and droughts in Baiyangdian region accelerated its decline and waste process. After the Republic of China, the harnessing of Haihe River Basin focused on the harnessing of the downstream channel. The serious siltation of the middle and upper reaches of the river also accelerated the siltation of the middle Liuwa lake. The area of Baiyangdian Lake was further reduced.

In modern times, the total area of Baiyangdian Lake was 567.6 square kilometers in the early 1950s, and decreased to 366 square kilometers in 2010.

Location context

Baiyangdian Lake is located between 115 ° 45 ′ - 116 ° 07 ′ E and 38 ° 44 ′ - 38 ° 59 ′ n. It is a natural lake in the middle of the Daqinghe River Basin and one of the few lakes in the North China Plain. The project is known as "the south of the North China" and "the Pearl of North China". The lake district is bounded by dikes, reaching qinghekou in the East, Qianli dikes in the south, Simen dikes in the West and Anxin North dikes in the north. Dianzhou dike is 215 km long (23.9 km in Renqiu). It is 39.5 km long from east to west and 28.5 km wide from north to south. In 2009, the water area of Baiyangdian Lake was 108.8 square km (water level 7.09 m),

It has a total area of 336 square kilometers (at Dagu elevation of 10.6 meters) and a water storage capacity of 102.4 million cubic meters. The surface landscape is dominated by water body. The elevation of the bottom of the lake is generally between 5.5 and 5.6 meters. More than 3700 vertical and horizontal gullies divide the whole lake area into 143 lakes of different sizes. Among them, there are 7 Lakes (Baiyang Lake, shaoche lake, Mapeng lake, Yangjiao lake, Chiyu lake, Shitang lake and Xiaobei Lake) with an area of more than 10000 mu, 24 lakes with an area from 1000 mu to 10000 mu, 99 lakes with an area of more than 100 mu and 44 lakes with an area of less than 100 mu. Among them, Baiyangdian Lake has the largest area (its area is 19899.0 mu, located in the south of Guancheng, Anxin county).

In terms of administrative jurisdiction, Baiyangdian was under the jurisdiction of Anxin, Xiongxian, Renqiu, Rongcheng and Gaoyang in Baoding and Cangzhou. Anxin County governs the western waters of Baiyangdian Lake, covering an area of 312 square kilometers, accounting for 85%; Xiongxian County governs the northeastern waters of Baiyangdian Lake, covering an area of 18.3 square kilometers; Renqiu City governs the eastern waters, covering an area of 64.8 square kilometers. The rest is under the jurisdiction of Rongcheng County in the north and Gaoyang County in the south.

After 2016, the Central People's government plans to build xiong'an new area, and most of Dian District is under the jurisdiction of xiong'an new area.

In April 2018, Renqiu City and Xiongxian county held a transfer meeting. Because of its proximity to Baiyangdian, Zhuozhou Town, qijianfang Township and gougezhuang town were entrusted by Xiongxian County, xiongan new district. Renqiu City no longer governs Baiyangdian water area.

hydrographic features

Baiyangdian is divided by dikes. The lake has a bottom elevation of 3.6 meters, a surface elevation of 10.50 meters, an area of 366 square kilometers, a maximum water depth of 6.0 meters, an average water depth of 3.6 meters, and a volume of 1.038 billion cubic meters.

The main stream water supply of Baiyangdian is the 775 million main cubic meters of runoff in the upstream tributaries, followed by Tanghe (590 million cubic meters), Baigou diversion (490 million cubic meters), Fu River (169 million cubic meters), Caohe (119 million cubic meters), and * River (59 million cubic meters). The Tanghe River has the highest sediment concentration among the above rivers. The annual average sediment concentration at daomaguan station (1959-1980) is 9.73 kg / m3. Next is the Juma River, the average annual sediment concentration at Zi Jing Guan Railway Station is 2.92 kg / cubic meter. The annual average sediment concentration at Fuping station in Shahe (upstream of the * Zhu long river) is 2.22 kg / cubic meter. The water temperature is the highest in July, with an average of more than 20 ℃, and the lowest is o ℃ in January. The glacial period is 10-50 days, and the longest is 90 days.

In the 1960s, the water quality of Baiyangdian Lake was excellent, colorless, tasteless and clear

Chinese PinYin : Bai Yang Dian