Tuyugou Grand Canyon

Tuyugou Grand Canyon

In the middle section of Huoyanshan mountain, 47 kilometers east of Turpan City in Shanshan County, Xinjiang, there is a canyon with a long history and culture and magnificent natural landscape, which is tuyugou Grand Canyon.

brief introduction

Tuyugou Grand Canyon is 8 km long and about 1 km wide on average. The flame mountain is cut longitudinally from north to south. The distinctive rock features are clearly visible. The uncanny craftsmanship of nature is amazing. The peak of Flame Mountain is located in the canyon.

Tuyugou Grand Canyon is a place full of mystery. There are not only grotesque rocks and ravines, but also thousand Buddha cave and Mazha (tomb) in tuyugou. There are not only Islamic architectural style Muslim temples, but also the remains of Tibetan Buddhist temples. It is not only the "Oriental Maijia" in the minds of Muslims in Northwest China, but also the "Eastern Maijia" in the minds of Buddhists“ Every year, many Muslims and Buddhists come to make pilgrimages to the holy land.

Located in the south of the Grand Canyon, tuyugou Mazha village is the oldest Uygur village in Xinjiang. The ancient Uygur tradition and folk customs are completely preserved.

Both houses and caves are built of yellow clay adobe. It inherited the traditional habit of building houses with yellow clay for more than 2000 years.

summary

Tuyugou Grand Canyon is located in the middle section of Huoyan mountain in Shanshan county. It starts from SUBASHI village in the north and ends at Maza village in the south. The canyon between the two villages is about 12.5km long and covers an area of about 12 square kilometers.

The north and south ends are connected by simple Panshan highway.

Nangukou is 13 kilometers away from Gaochang ancient city in the southwest.

Tuyugou Grand Canyon has the highest peak of Huoyanshan, with an altitude of 831. 7 meters.

Tuyugou Grand Canyon is the most mysterious place in Western China --- the thousand Buddha cave in tuyugou excavated in the Western Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms period; the Muslim temple with Islamic architectural style; the site of Tibetan Buddhist temple; the ancient Uygur village with well preserved {folk living fossil}; the intersection of two famous religious cultures in the world; and the most important place for Buddhism to be introduced into China It is one of the seven holy places of Islam in the world and the largest holy place of Islam in China.

The magnificent Valley, the long history, the rich cultural implication and the ancient Uighur villages are integrated into a mysterious, unique and strange landscape.

Fantastic scenery

The south exit of tuyugou Grand Canyon was called dinggukou in ancient times. The name of tuyugou means "the impassable Valley".

It was not until 1992, under the leadership of the county Party committee and the county government and with the great help of the people's Liberation Army, that a simple mountain road was built here to facilitate the people's exchanges between the north and the south of Huoyan mountain, ending the history of "this road is blocked".

To thank the people's Liberation Army for its support, this road was named Lianxin road.

Tuyugou East and west two peaks, known as the "natural wall of fire," said the highest temperature reached 60 degrees Celsius.

Liangfeng mountain is ochre red, and the soil in the canyon is yellow red.

Yellow red soil is the most suitable for planting seedless grapes, so when grapes from the Mediterranean coast into China, here has become the true hometown of Turpan seedless grapes.

The Grand Valley of the Puyu Valley concentrates the essence of the Flaming Mountains landscape. Standing on the hillside of Lianxin Road, there is a mountain stream winding southward along the valley.

Tuyugou gorge is at least as famous as other Gorges for its unique mountain, beautiful rocks, beautiful streams and sweet fruits.

It is called "the most magnificent Canyon in the Flame Mountain" by tourists and scholars who have been sightseeing for nearly 100 years.

Cultural witness

Tuyugou thousand Buddha cave

Tuyugou thousand Buddha cave, the first batch of cultural relics protection units at the autonomous region level announced in January 1957, is the most important post station for the introduction of Buddhism into China and occupies a special position in the history of religious culture and art in Xinjiang.

Among the existing Buddhist grottoes in Xinjiang, the scale of tuyugou thousand Buddha cave is the third. It attracts people's attention because it was built earlier than Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, and there are many early mural sites preserved.

The thousand Buddha cave grottoes and Buddha statues in tuyugou first appeared in the Western Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms period.

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, tuyugou Grottoes was one of the most important Buddhist sites managed by the highest ruling group of Gaochang kingdom.

Although the ancient Buddhist holy land of tuyugou is no longer as brilliant as it used to be, it still attracts the attention of scholars from all over the world who study Buddhist history and art. Every year, a large number of tourists and scholars from Japan, South Korea, the United States, India, Hong Kong and Macao come here to visit, investigate and visit ancient China.

Islamic holy land

Tuyugou asawulekaipeimaza

As one of the two most ancient and famous mazas in Xinjiang, asawulekaipeimaza in tuyugou has a prominent position in Islamic holy land.

It is located in the southwest of tuyugou thousand Buddha cave. It has a history of more than 1000 years.

Asawulekaipeimaza in tuyugou is one of the seven holy places of Islam in the world and the largest holy place of Islam in China.

It is said that after Muhammad founded Islam at the beginning of the seventh century, his disciple, yemunaiha, a missionary of ancient Yemen, and other five people first came to China to preach. After going eastward to tuyugou, a local shepherd with a dog finally became the first Chinese to believe in Islam. Therefore, yemunaiha and other five people lived here for a long time to continue preaching.

After the death of yemunaiha and the first Chinese who believed in Islam, they were buried in a cave in today's tuyugou, now Mazha. According to local Muslims, before going to Mecca in the Middle East, you must pay homage to Mazha in tuyugou.

Today, more than 200 tourists come to tuyugou every day for tourism, ancient visit and investigation, and 500-800 on weekends.

Unique architecture

Ancient Uygur houses

Yellow clay architecture has a long history in Turpan. Tuyugou residents inherited the traditional habit of building houses with yellow clay two thousand years ago.

The houses are all cave buildings made of yellow clay, which are characterized by economic benefits, warm in winter and cool in summer, and beautiful appearance.

On the slopes of the East and west sides of tuyugou, there are beautiful, row upon row and continuous ancient dwellings. The oldest surviving one has a history of four or five hundred years. Both the dwellings and the Buddhist caves of the year before last were built with yellow clay, which still shines with the unique light of "yellow clay culture".

Tuyugou residents also used yellow clay to build underground caves for summer.

Generally, the caves are square or rectangular, with a depth of 1.5 to 2 meters. The hard soil can not be covered, and the poor soil can be covered with wood mat.

In the era of no electric fan air conditioning, underground cave is a good place for summer. There is a record in ancient literature that "when you steam to block the heat, you pry the ground to live and work at night".

local

Happy life of tuyugou people

As long as people have a little understanding of the history of tuyugou, they will regard tuyugou as an old man who has gone through many vicissitudes.

Tranquility and indifference are all due to too many choices between life and death, prosperity and decadence. It knows what the wind and sun can't take away, what it can own and cherish.

The more you go into the ditch, the more you feel the quietness away from the hustle and bustle. Tuyugou has only two colors, yellow and green.

Yellow is the flame mountain and earth house, green is the vineyard in the ditch. Green is inseparable from water. A clear stream in tuyugou has been flowing for thousands of years. Villagers guide the water from the clear stream to the front and back of the house, moistening peach, apricot, grape and other plants. As a result, the ordinary secular life adds a few subtle fragrance.

In tuyugou Valley, many earthen houses have been deserted, and the fragmentary wooden windows are still charming and shining in the sunset. Of course, more vicissitudes than such earthen houses are the caves on the cliff of the left and right peaks of the river valley. There are more than 40 caves, large and small. These caves, hollowed out by the years and wars, look more like eyes that have been hollowed out. They are dazed and sad. The whole mountain is covered with historical scars.

A thousand years ago, tuyugou was once the Buddhist holy land of the royal family. Under today's rubble and grass, there used to be a flat winding path, with members of the royal family, monks from all directions and faithful men and women.

According to Xizhou tujing, tuyugou in the Tang Dynasty had "wild goose pagodas flying in the sky, Hongliang drinking in the Han Dynasty It's a place where the real immortal lives, and it's a secret place where the spirit lives. " The grotto statues here first appeared in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the middle of the 5th century when the Juqu family became king in Turpan. At that time, Wangcheng was in Gaochang, only 10 kilometers away from tuyugou.

Tuyugou Buddhist temple experienced the biggest disaster in the 15th century when Islam entered Turpan, and the Islamists destroyed the Buddhist idols. And then there was an earthquake here. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, overseas cultural bandits came again, and the murals and scriptures had been stripped clean. No wonder even the children born in tuyugou don't know what a Buddhist temple is. Although tuyugou is very famous in foreign countries, known as "the first treasure cave in eastern Xinjiang", it is very important for us to have a good understanding of tuyugou

Chinese PinYin : Tu Yu Gou Da Xia Gu