Liukeng ancient village

Liukeng ancient village

Liukeng ancient village is located on the Bank of Wujiang River in the southeast of Niutian Town, Le'an County, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province,

Covering an area of 3.61 square kilometers, it is a blood related village where Dong's single surname lives together. It was first built in the Shengyuan period of the Southern Tang Dynasty (937-943).

Liukeng ancient village is an ancient village inhabited by Jiangyou people. There are 260 existing architectural sites, including 19 in Ming Dynasty and 321 important cultural relics, including Gaoping villa, Wudang Pavilion, Huanzhong temple, Zhuangyuan building, Hanlin building, "famous Neo Confucianism" house, Wenguan hall, Sanguan hall, numerous plaques, couplets and family cultural relics.

In June 2001, Liukeng village ancient buildings were listed as the fifth batch of key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In March 2014, Liukeng ancient village scenic spot was rated as national 3A scenic spot by Jiangxi tourism scenic spot quality rating committee.

Development history

During the period of Shengyuan (937-943) in the Southern Tang Dynasty, Liukeng village was first built. Liukeng was a village where Dong's single surname gathered and lived by blood. The Kaiji ancestor in the genealogical examination was Dong He in the Southern Tang Dynasty.

In the Song Dynasty, Liukeng flourished as a family of the Dong family, and became a place where the Jiangyou family lived.

In Yuan Dynasty, Liukeng village was destroyed by war.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people of insight in the village continued their ancestral business, started education, built temples, and developed bamboo and wood trade, which made Liukeng village prosperous again. From the beginning of Song Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty, there were 26 villages in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty and 28 in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty. In the village, there were 1 scholar and 1 Military champion, 34 Jinshi and 78 Juren. More than 100 people entered the official career, ranging from political affairs and Shangshu to Zhubo and Jiaoyu.

In August 1997, after inspecting Liukeng, Zhang Wenbin, then director of the State Administration of cultural relics, praised it as "the first village in history".

Architectural pattern

Liukeng ancient village is close to Wujiang River in the upper reaches of Enjiang river. The river flows along the east of the village and then turns to the west, connecting with the water of Longhu Lake in the village. The ancient village is surrounded by towering ancient trees and beautiful bamboos, forming a beautiful place surrounded by mountains and water. The main body of Liukeng village basically preserved the regular pattern of Jiajing and Wanli years in Ming Dynasty, taking the "seven vertical and one horizontal" large roadway as the framework, which was connected by many alleys. Watchtowers were built at the head and tail of the main roadway, which opened early and closed late to strengthen defense. The seven vertical lanes directly face the river bank and echo with the wharf, which is convenient to lead the river wind into the village and ensure the fresh air. The drainage system in the village is complete. Natural water and domestic water are fed into Longhu Lake, and then introduced into Wujiang River outside the village for natural sewage discharge. In addition to the main layout, ancestral halls, temples, streets, attics, memorial archways, village walls and trees are built according to the topography, making the Liukeng like a city.

Liukeng ancient village has more than 500 buildings, including more than 260 ancient buildings and sites of Ming and Qing Dynasties, including 19 buildings and sites of Ming Dynasty. Among these traditional buildings, there are classical style residential buildings, magnificent ancestral hall buildings, elegant and unique temple buildings, cultural buildings with different functions, such as memorial halls, academies, theatres, memorial archways, shops, wells, bridges, ancient tombs, ancient pagoda sites, etc. there are 14 cultural buildings, 5 memorial archways, 48 ancestral halls, and 8 temples . There are 32 ancient water wells, wind and rain pavilions, docks, ancient bridges, ancient tombs, ancient pagodas and ancient village gates.

Architectural features

The residential buildings in Liukeng ancient village are all brick and wood buildings, one and a half stories high. The layout is simple, simple and elegant. From the outside, it is generally a rectangular plane, surrounded by hollow brick walls, pure blue bricks and gray tiles, high horse head wall, half covered and half exposed double slope roof, hidden behind the overlapping horse head wall. The shape of horse head wall is rich and varied, including ladder shape, bow shape, cloud shape, warped air, which can prevent fire, wind, theft and theft. In the Ming Dynasty, there were many front halls and back halls, and in the Qing Dynasty, there were many front halls and back halls, with three wide faces, one hall in the Ming Dynasty and two bedrooms in the second. According to the different purposes of use, the interior of the hall is separated freely by the "treasure wall", screen door and partition fan decorated with wood. The front eaves of the lower hall are often made into various kinds of porches with beautiful and varied shapes. The bedroom building is one-and-a-half stories high. The lower floor is used for living, and the upper half is used for placing things. The hall is not layered, so it is tall and spacious, and the momentum is very grand. The indoor floor is paved with long green bricks with transverse staggered joints. The shrine is located above the side doors on both sides of the hall wall. On the left side of the shrine, there are ancestral tablets, beside which there are candle sockets, long-term lamps, iron bells, and a short ladder for people to go up the lamp to worship their ancestors. There is a narrow patio in front of the hall, which is not only used for lighting and ventilation, but also means to return the four rivers to the hall. It virtually connects man and nature, reflecting the artistic conception of "harmony between man and nature". The front door leads to the main hall, and the back door leads to the toilet or kitchen. In Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, the main entrance was mostly side entry type, and after the middle Qing Dynasty, the main entrance was generally opened on the central axis. There are different forms of doors, such as one-way door, eight way door, archway door, protruding door and hood door. In the Ming Dynasty, there were many screen walls in front of the houses, and the brick murals on the screen walls were very exquisite; in the Qing Dynasty, there were many courtyards in front of the houses, and there were brick and wood gatehouses in front of the courtyards.

Main attractions

Gaoping Villa

Gaoping villa is located in the northwest of Liukeng ancient village, on the West Bank of Longhu, facing south in the north and lake in the East. There is a courtyard in front, and the ancient trees are towering behind. The main body of Gaoping villa is a brick and wood structure with one person and two entrances. The existing building was rebuilt in 1829. The plane layout of the building still retains the Ming system. The fire walls on the East and west sides are towering. The front eaves are painted with ink on a white background. A large red stone plaque is embedded on the lintel of the leimen gate, and the regular script "Fanchang Temple" is engraved on it. There are two halls in the house, one is the upper hall, the other is the lower hall. The pillars and beams of the hall are thick, the shed is high and the decoration is simple.

Wudang Pavilion

Wudang Pavilion is located in the northwest of Liukeng ancient village, about half a mile away from the north of the village and built on the back of Jiangmian village. The west side of the ancient trees towering, before the lower section of Longhu, quiet environment, open area. Wudang pavilion was built in the Ming Dynasty, after repair or reconstruction, the existing buildings are brick and wood structure, mainly composed of Xuanwu hall, Xuanwu Pavilion and Yama hall. It is a temple of Taoism, Buddhism and folk gods.

Huanzhong Temple

Huanzhong temple is located at the east end of the middle lane. It was built to worship Dong Yunxuan and was built in Qing Dynasty. There are three gates and the hall is wide. In October 1930, the Soviet government of Le'an County moved to Liukeng from Zhaodai Khan. In November of the same year, the second congress of workers, peasants and soldiers of Le'an county was held in this temple, and the second Soviet government of Le'an county was elected. Therefore, the temple is of revolutionary significance.

Hanlin building

Hanlin building is located at the entrance of xianbo lane. It was built in Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. "Hanlin tower" is not only a watchtower for defense, but also a building to commemorate Dong Yan, the editor of Hanlin academy and the director of Imperial Academy in the early Ming Dynasty. It is a two-story brick and wood structure. The floor plan is nearly square. The front and rear walls of the upper floor have lookout windows. The banner of "Hanlin" is carved under the eaves of the front of the building, and the couplets of "several imperial edicts, contemporary imperial masters" are carved on both sides. On the lintel of the gate is a brick horizontal plaque with the inscription "shaosichengdi", which was written by Yang Shiqi, Zaifu of the Ming Dynasty. Beside the door, there is also a brick inscription inscribed by Jin Youzi, a scholar of wenyuange University in the Ming Dynasty: "the president of national history, Wang Zhongyi, was once locked up, and the talents were happy to educate the famous masters in the world.". At the back of the building, on the lookout window, there is a brick inscription of "Enrong"; on the lintel, there is a brick plaque of "Shengshi Jinglun" inscribed by Zou Xuezhu, Jiangxi Xuezheng.

Village in village

Village in village, also known as dabindi, is located in the south of the west end of the middle lane. It is a large and well arranged Qing Dynasty building group, covering an area of nearly 2000 square meters. It was built in the Jiaqing and Daoguang years of the Qing Dynasty. The village in the village is composed of many houses, living rooms, study rooms, road rooms, gate squares, courtyards and gateways. There are mainly five existing houses: Wude, Wuzi, Wuben, Wuxiu and Wugui. Its central part is a "t" shaped layout, which is relatively arranged in the connection of the North-South gateway and the East-West gateway. The entrance is located at the Yigeng gate in the Western arch style. Beside the gate, there is a couplet: "the gate is high to welcome Taiyi, and the household color reflects Changgeng". From this gate, there is a large courtyard, facing the gate square of "dabindi", and entering the gate square, there is the East and West Gate Road. The doorway is about three meters wide, and the two walls are plastered with plaster. It is ancient and elegant. The eaves are whitewashed, cursive verses and couplets are painted in ink. There are many wall plaques such as "Bi Lian kuihuan" and "Dou Zhuan Xing Hui". There are mainly "Wuzi hall" in the South and "Wuben hall" in the north. "Wuzi hall" is a building with two upper and lower halls, three rooms in the middle of the patio, and two wing rooms on both sides of the patio.

Wenguan

Wenguan, also known as Jiangdu academy, is located in the north of Liukeng village, on the east side of which is close to the ancestral hall and built on the back of Jiangmian village. It has a courtyard in front and a library in the West. The main body is a three way brick and wood structure building. It has many functions, such as reading, lecturing, worshiping ancestors, respecting sages and collecting books. Built in the late Ming Dynasty, it was established by the Dong family in Liukeng. In the early Qing Dynasty, it was overhauled and later repaired.

Jingshujiexiaofang

Jingshujiexiaofang is located in the north of the east section of Zhongxiang, which is built in front of the lane. Its southeast is a cross road

Chinese PinYin : Liu Keng Gu Cun