Wetland Park

Wetland Park

Wetland Park refers to the park with water as the main body. Based on the wetland good ecological environment and diversified wetland landscape resources, with the theme of wetland science popularization and education, wetland function utilization, and promoting wetland culture, and with a certain scale of tourism and leisure facilities, it is an ecological theme park for people's tourism, leisure and entertainment.

Wetland park has many functions, such as wetland protection and utilization, popular science education, wetland research, ecological tourism, leisure and entertainment. It is an important part of the national wetland protection system. Together with Wetland Nature Reserve, protected community, wetland wildlife protection habitat and wetland multipurpose management area, it forms a wetland protection and management system. The development and construction of Wetland Park is a specific measure to implement the classified protection and management strategy of national wetland, and it is also one of the direct and effective ways to maintain and expand the wetland protection area under the current situation. The development and construction of Wetland Park is not only conducive to mobilize social forces to participate in wetland protection and sustainable utilization, but also conducive to give full play to the multi-functional benefits of wetland, and meet the requirements of public demand and social and economic development. Through social participation and scientific management, we can achieve the goal of protecting wetland ecosystem and maintaining the sustainable development of multiple benefits of wetland. It is of great significance to improve the regional ecological situation, promote the sustainable development of economy and society, and realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

By the end of 2017, a total of 1699 wetland parks have been established in China, including 898 national wetland parks.

Convention on Wetlands

The Convention on wetlands is an important global intergovernmental Convention for the protection of wetlands and their ecological environment, especially waterfowls and their habitats. As a state party to the Convention on wetlands, China is duty bound to implement the provisions of the Convention and fulfill its obligations. Protecting wetlands is not only of great ecological significance, but also of great international significance.

Park Construction

The construction of Wetland Park is not only the "catalyst" to promote the sustainable development of regional social economy, but also the practical achievement of wetland protection and conservation theory. At home and abroad, no one has given the exact definition of wetland International Park. According to the understanding of general literature, wetland International Park should maintain the unique natural ecosystem of the region, approach to the natural landscape state, and maintain the ecological environment within the system In order to realize the reasonable development of natural resources and the improvement of ecological environment, different types of auxiliary facilities should be built on the basis of not destroying the natural habitat of wetland as far as possible, and the functions of ecological protection, ecotourism and ecological environment education should be organically combined, so as to realize the reasonable development of natural resources and the improvement of ecological environment, and finally embody the realm of harmonious coexistence between human and nature.

Now the wetland park has strengthened the cultural landscape and matching tourism facilities, and all regions try their best to develop local resources. Now the wetland park has become a good place for people to travel and leisure.

characteristic

The biggest characteristics of Wetland Park are theme, nature and ecology. The planned Chongming Dongtan wetland International Park is located at the junction of the buffer zone and the core area of Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve, that is, DONGWANGSHA B beach between the levees in 1992 and 1998, covering an area of 30000 mu. The constructed wetland International Park has the functions of protection, scientific research, education, tourism and so on. In the process of construction, the modern agricultural park and Chongming Dongtan Bird Nature Reserve in Shanghai will be realized It is an important supplement and improvement of the overall function of the protection area.

Wetland treatment

Surface flow constructed wetland

All kinds of aquatic plants should be planted, residence time should be increased, and serpentine flow direction should be set to ensure uniform water distribution and certain pushing effect. The design should make full use of the terrain and terrain to avoid water flow dead zone. Through plants to absorb a lot of ammonia nitrogen. This type of wetland has a good removal effect on ammonia nitrogen, and the removal rate is more than 90%.

In this system, the wastewater flows on the surface of the wetland soil, and the water depth is shallow (generally 0.1-0.6 m). Compared with SFS, it has the advantages of low investment and low load. In northern China, the surface will freeze in winter, and mosquitoes and flies will breed in summer.

The effect of phosphorus and nitrogen removal of the system was enhanced by filling slag and other fillers with good hydraulic conductivity and adsorption performance, and planting evergreen aquatic plants on the top of the ecological bed.

Bed size: the ratio of length to width affects the removal of BOD, TSS and ammonia, and the larger length to width ratio is better, generally 4 ∶ 1.

In SFS system, sewage flows under the surface of the wetland bed. On the one hand, it can make full use of the biofilm growing on the surface of the filler, rich plant roots, surface soil and filler interception to improve the treatment effect and treatment capacity; on the other hand, due to the water flowing under the surface, the heat preservation is good, the treatment effect is less affected by the climate, and the sanitary conditions are good, which is the most popular in the world The investment of this system is slightly higher than that of FWS system. The system can remove nitrogen, phosphorus and SS effectively.

Vertical flow constructed wetland system

The results show that the removal of inorganic phosphorus and total phosphorus is better by filling with coal cinder and other absorbent fillers.

Integrated biological pond

Comprehensive aquatic biological treatment, in addition to the advanced treatment of water, has ecological and landscape effects.

plan

Planning concept of Urban Wetland Park

The planning of urban wetland park should take the natural revival of wetland and the restoration of its territorial characteristics as the guiding ideology, and take the formation of open natural space and the definition and concept zone of Wetland Park, the acceptance of a large number of animal and plant species, and the formation of new community habitat as the main purpose, and at the same time provide visitors with vibrant and diverse recreational space. Therefore, the planning should strengthen the comprehensive management of the whole wetland water area and its surrounding land. The key content is to restore the natural ecosystem of wetland, promote the development of wetland ecosystem, improve its biodiversity level, and realize the naturalization of wetland landscape. The core task of planning is to improve the quality of soil and water in wetland environment, and coordinate the relationship between water and plants.

Planning objectives of Urban Wetland Park

The overall goal of urban wetland park planning is to reduce the interference and damage of urban development to the wetland environment, improve the natural productivity of wetland and its surrounding environment, restore the original natural ability of wetland, make it have the ability of self-renewal, and improve the soil condition of surrounding land, create conditions for vegetation restoration, so as to make the urban wetland more vitality . At the same time, we should also establish a balance between the various land use needs of the city, and seek to establish a better new way of coexistence to achieve the sustainable development of urban wetland environment. On this basis, we should create a new type of urban park to meet the growing needs of citizens to be close to nature.

In addition, with the improvement of wetland natural ecological environment, it will bring new opportunities for the development of surrounding cities, rural areas, agriculture, tourism and other industries; the re naturalized urban wetland park landscape will become a new hot spot of public recreation and entertainment.

Planning method of Urban Wetland Park

In order to achieve the planning goal of Urban Wetland Park, it is necessary to combine wetland renovation with landscape planning. First of all, we should carry out in-depth and meticulous research work, starting from different levels and different elements, such as underground water level, soil structure at different levels, composition materials at different levels, and appearance characteristics of animals and plants on the ground, animal activity habits, and landscape elements, so as to achieve the planning depth from the outside to the inside. The planning should closely focus on the theme of "water", take the Wetland Park as an ecological corridor for the exchange of biological and energy, and connect with the surrounding green space, woodland, farmland, urban, rural and other ecosystems to form a new landscape.

Therefore, the planning of urban wetland park should integrate various elements in the whole material circle of wetland, such as water body, farmland, soil, vegetation, animals, natural conditions, ecosystem, etc., as the basic elements of planning into the requirements of territorial landscape planning. In particular, all kinds of natural elements in the wetland environment, regardless of their state, natural or artificially treated, should be regarded as the most important elements in the planning, so as to constitute the framework of landscape types and landscape characteristics of Urban Wetland Park.

Planning measures of Urban Wetland Park

First, one of the most important links of urban wetland park planning is to realize the natural circulation of water. First of all, it is necessary to improve the connection between surface water and groundwater, so that surface water and groundwater can complement each other. Secondly, necessary measures should be taken to improve the vitality of the river as the source of wetland water.

Second, another important link in the planning of Urban Wetland Park is to take appropriate measures to form the favorable supplement of surface water to groundwater, so as to change the soil structure around the wetland, increase the soil porosity and water content, and form a variety of soil types.

Thirdly, the planning of urban wetland park should adjust the drainage and water diversion system of surrounding areas from the overall perspective to ensure the rational and efficient utilization of wetland water resources. If possible, new water system should be excavated and permeable bottom treatment should be adopted to balance the groundwater level of the whole park. Fourth, soil as one of the elements of landscape planning, in the soil layer

Chinese PinYin : Shi Di Gong Yuan