Cai Hou Temple

Cai Hou Temple

The temple of marquis Cai is located in front of the tomb of marquis Cai Lun in Longting, 10 kilometers east of Leiyang City (county level). It was first built in the Eastern Han Dynasty and rebuilt in 1603 in Wanli of Ming Dynasty. Temple sitting north to south, north-south 144 meters long, east-west 76 meters wide, rectangular. In May 1957, Caihou Temple of Cailun tomb was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Hunan Province. In December 1985, it was approved as a tourist spot by Hunan Provincial People's government and opened to the outside world.

brief introduction

Located in Leiyang City (southeast of Hengyang City, Hunan Province), north of caizichi. Cai Hou Temple was originally the former residence of Cai Lun (63-121 A.D.), the inventor of papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

"Shui Jing Zhu" states: "the northwest of Lei Shui passes by Cai Zhou, and the west of Zhou is Cai Lun's former residence with CAI zichi beside it.".

In 1338, Chen Zongyi rebuilt the temple. After several times of rise and fall, the existing building was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, simple and elegant.

It covers an area of 408 square meters, facing north from south, with brick and wood structure.

It is divided into two courtyards. The front hall has three small green tile roofs with a single slope. There are corridors on both sides. The central axis is a corridor with a roof connected with the central hall. The middle and back halls are suspended on the top of the mountain, and also connected with aisles and corridors.

The stone gate is "the temple of marquis Cai" and the stone couplet is "the fragrance of the pond and the moon, the wind of the old house".

The temple is 144 meters long from north to South and 76 meters wide from east to west. The hall is of brick and wood structure, with the patio as the center, the hall and the two chambers as the plane, and the frame is a hybrid type of crossing and pulling and lifting beams.

The eaves are covered with green dragon and white tiger tiles, and the floor is paved with square bricks. The bucket arches are raised two times, and the two arches are raised from the outside to the box arch. The inner forehead is large and directly supported by the cantilever, and the space is paved.

Roof single eaves, Xieshan build, arch through the head, all carved dragon floating.

In the temple, there is a Han GUI tree, 9 meters high, 0.8 meters in diameter, tall and green, blooming in the Mid Autumn Festival; there are 10 ancient cypresses and several medicinal trees, with luxuriant branches and leaves, evergreen all the year round.

In the first year of Yuanxing (105), Emperor Hanhe, Cai Lun created "Cai Hou paper", which made outstanding contributions to the spread of human culture and the progress of world civilization, and has been respected by people for thousands of years.

In memory of Cai Lun's eternal merits, the people of Leiyang have built a "Temple of marquis Cai" in his former residence. In 2001, the temple was expanded into a memorial garden of Cai Lun.

Covering an area of more than 80000 square meters, the memorial garden embodies the theme of "carrying forward Cai Lun's culture and remembering Cai Lun's merits" as a whole. It has the characteristics of classical and elegant gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. It is an excellent place to "visit Cai Lun's hometown and appreciate the paper history and culture". It is an important base to carry forward science, inherit civilization and carry out patriotism education.

In December 2006, Cailun memorial garden was rated as a national 3A scenic spot.

In August 2001, Cai Lun paper mill, which was rebuilt in accordance with the architectural style of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was said to be Cai Lun's Apprentice paper office.

The workshop shows the ancient papermaking processes of retting, ramming, papermaking, pressing, separating, drying (or air drying).

There is also a stone mortar that Cai Lun used to pound paper when he taught Cai Lun papermaking.

You can experience this ancient papermaking technology by yourself, and the straw paper can be kept as a souvenir.

Cai Lun's tomb, built in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, is Cai Lun's tomb.

The tomb is a single room brick tomb with a top of coupons. The tomb is 2.2 meters high, 7.84 meters long and 2.7 meters wide. It is surrounded by granite. There are tomb doors and steps into the tomb. The bricks are decorated with common geometric patterns in Han tombs.

August 2001. Leiyang Municipal People's government built a monument protection Pavilion in front of the tomb. The front of the tombstone is inscribed with Guo Moruo's 1959 title "Tomb of Cai Lun"; the back is inscribed with an inscription.

The origin of history

Cai Lun, a native of Leiyang, invented papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty. After his death, in memory of his contribution to human civilization, Yi built an ancestral temple with statues for sacrifice in his former residence base, built a tomb on the left side behind the ancestral temple for mourning, and excavated caizichi in the paper washing site in front of the ancestral temple.

After the ancestral hall was submerged by flood, it was rebuilt in the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1338). The ancestral hall is of brick and wood structure, which is divided into three buildings: front, middle and back. Temple couplet: "Fangchi yingyue, the old house wind.".

Zhongting Zhulian said: "condensing loyalty, wisdom and courage, creating inventions, spreading the world; gathering pool, lake, bridge pavilion, carrying forward the spirit, inspiring the people." Now it is set up as Cai Lun memorial hall, which shows Cai Lun's life and his invention of papermaking, the spread of papermaking technology to the world and its effect on the progress of human civilization.

Cai Lun's tomb is about 100 steps behind the temple of marquis CAI.

The tomb is single and double arched. During the Anti Japanese War, the tombs were robbed twice by the Kuomintang and Japanese troops, and all the accompanying objects were looted. Now you can enter the tomb from the door.

In 1959, Guo Moruo wrote "Tomb of Cai Lun". The ancestral temple and tomb are key cultural relics protection units at the provincial level, and one of the education bases of baijiaai National Defense University.

Main attractions

Yiguanzhong

There is a single room brick tomb behind the ancestral temple, which is called Yiguan tomb. The memorial archway in front of the tomb bears the inscription "Tomb of Cai Lun", which is written by Guo Moruo. It is a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. Cailun memorial garden, the first year of Yuanxing of emperor Hanhe (105). "Today, paper has become a common thing for us. It's hard for us to imagine what the world would be like without paper," Michael hart of the United States said in the list of 100 people who have influenced the process of human history

Memorial Garden

Covering an area of more than 80000 square meters, the memorial park is mainly composed of the main gate, Cai zichi, Huaisheng terrace, stele corridor, handmade paper workshop, Sihou Pavilion, Cai Hou Temple, Cai Lun tomb and other scenic spots. It embodies the theme of "carrying forward Cai Lun culture and remembering Cai Lun's merits" and has the characteristics of classical and elegant gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, It is an excellent place to "visit Cai Lun's hometown and appreciate the history and culture of paper". It is an important base to carry forward science, inherit civilization and carry out patriotic education. Guo Moruo, Zhou Gucheng, Hu Sheng and Zhou Guangzhao successively inscribed the tomb, the memorial hall and the memorial garden of Cai Lun.

Selected poems:

Seven Wonders: visiting the temple of marquis CAI

Li Zuozhong

Fangchi lotus willow branches hanging, so the courtyard wall gray Guifu fly.

A Book of invention is better than a turtle of silk in spreading culture! 　　

Profile

character

Cai Lun (61-121) was born in Guiyang County (now Leiyang City, Hunan Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the reign of emperor he of the Han Dynasty, Cai Lun went to the palace to be the emperor's servant. Later, he was promoted to "shangfangling", who was responsible for managing the Royal factory and supervising the manufacture. In the first year of Yuanxing of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Emperor (AD 105), on the basis of summing up the experience of predecessors in making silk crystal, Cai Lun invented the plant fiber paper made of bark, broken fish net, rag, hemp head and other raw materials in Luoyang, which made the paper a widely used writing material.

Life

Cai Lun was born in the fourth year of Yongping (AD 61) and died in the first year of Jianguang (AD 121). Leiyang is located in the Leishui River Basin, a tributary of the Xiangjiang River. Born in an ordinary peasant family, Cai Lun grew up farming with his father's generation, but he was smart and likable. After Liu Xu (56-58 A.D.) ascended the throne, he often went to various prefectures and counties to select children to enter the palace. In the 18th year of Yongle (AD 75), Cai Lun was selected as a eunuch in Luoyang palace. At that time, he was about 15 years old. In the first year of the founding of the people's Republic of China (AD 76), he was appointed xiaohuangmen (the lower eunuch).

After that, he was the Minister of Huangmen, in charge of the official affairs inside and outside the palace, conveying and guiding the dynasties to see and arrange seats. Empress Dowager Dou, who has no son, instructs Cai Lun to frame Zhang's imperial concubine song Guiren for "seducing evil spirits" and orders her to commit suicide. Liu Qing, the prince of Song Dynasty, was demoted as king of Qinghe. Empress Dou also ordered people to throw "Fei Shu" (anonymous letter) to frame up emperor Zhang's concubine Liang Guiren, and forcibly took his son Liu Zhao as his adopted son and became the crown prince. Emperor Zhang died in A.D. 88. At the age of 10, Liu Zhao ascended the throne. As emperor he, Empress Dowager Dou was in charge. Cai Lun was promoted to the rank of Zhongchang servant for his meritorious service. He followed the young emperor and participated in state secret affairs. He was awarded two thousand stones, and his status was equal to that of Jiuqing. In Chinese history, eunuchs intervened in state affairs, which is also the beginning. In the ninth year of Yongping (AD 97), Empress Dowager Dou died and was in charge with the emperor.

In the 14th year of Yongyuan (A.D. 102) and the emperor made Deng Sui queen, Cai Lun immediately took refuge with her. Deng Sui was fond of writing and writing, but Cai Lun was willing to condescend to his favor and take the post of shangfangling. He was in charge of imperial utensils and handicraft workshops. During this period, he summarized the experience of papermaking since the Western Han Dynasty, improved papermaking technology, refined high-quality paper with bark, Rag (linen), hemp head, fish net and other raw materials, and presented it to the imperial court in the first year of Yuanxing (AD 105), which was praised by the emperor he and promoted papermaking. In the same year, he died. The baby born to empress Deng ascended the throne, and died in less than two years. After Deng, Liu Hu, a 13-year-old nephew of the emperor, became emperor an. Liu Hu was the son of Liu Qing, the king of Qinghe. However, because he was still under the control of Empress Dowager Deng in the early days of his accession to the throne, Cai Lun continued to be valued and was granted the title of "Marquis of the Dragon Pavilion" (the fiefdom was in today's Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province). From then on, he entered the ranks of nobility. The paper supervised by him is called "Cai Hou paper".

Around the fifth to sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 118-119), Cai Lun was promoted to be a servant of Changle, equivalent to Da Qianqiu. He became the chief servant of Empress Dowager Deng and was flattered by the civil and military officials of the Manchu Dynasty. He is in power

Chinese PinYin : Cai Hou Ci