Lieshan cemetery

Lieshan ancient tombs are located on the south slope of Lieshan, 15 km north of liecun village, more than 4 km away from Jingong District, Lang County, Linzhi Prefecture, Tibet, with an altitude of 3200 meters. The excavation of the tomb 79 began on August 25, 1982 and was completed on August 31, 1982. The tomb is trapezoidal in plane and faces south. The height of the sealed mound is 1z68m. The sealed soil is not rammed. There is a net stone wall in the sealed soil, which is 50m long from east to west, 70m wide from South and 5.1m wide from north. The height of the stone wall is 0? 0m and 0.3m high. It is filled with boulders and small stones and soil in the original tomb. It's irregular, it's very messy. There is a large pebble with a sharp shape at each corner of the East and the west, which seems to be erected intentionally. The unused stones are stacked in the east wall. The entrance of the tomb passage is 0.3 meters northwest of fengdui. It is built with stones. It is 0.2 meters long from east to west, 0.7 meters wide from north to south, and 1.7 meters deep. It has no steps and is in slope shape. The plane is elliptical. The tomb chamber is a large vertical cavity, which is staggered with regular stonework and smeared with clay with considerable viscosity. The tomb is 1.56 meters long from east to west, 1.38 meters wide from north to south, and 1.48 meters high at the top. The plane is round. There is a thin layer of white sand at the bottom of the tomb, and the soil is hard. The tomb gate is 5 ゜ to the north, and there are two stone steps at the gate, each 0.13M high and 0.78m long. There is a square wood on the left, in which there is a groove with a diameter of 0.5 meters, which is used to install the tomb door. But there was no sign that the door had been installed. The doorway is 1804m long and 0f78m wide, with a slope. There is a stone slab in the tomb, and the body has been rotten for a long time. Some of the materials found around and under the disordered skeleton are like sandalwood, with the head facing due west and facing due north. The burial style is limb bending burial. According to the broken fragments, there are two wooden bowls and long sticks, as well as a broken spoon. These things are distributed to the north of the skeleton. Both ends of the stick have been processed with a knife. It is 0.3 meters long and 0.6 meters in diameter. There are traces of knife cutting on the surface. Two wooden bowls are incomplete, only half of them are left. The two bowls are all round feet, with a thin layer of black paint inside and outside, and the remaining half of the wooden bowl is open. The lip is 0.16 m thick, the caliber is 0.8 m, the height is 0.5 m, the shallow abdomen is obliquely connected with the ring foot, and the ring foot is 0.9 m high. In the process of cleaning up, it was found that there were obvious traces of theft in this tomb. The reasons are as follows: the earth and stone filled in the tomb and the entrance of the passage were very messy, the skeleton of the people in the tomb was disturbed, and the burial objects were broken, especially the incomplete parts of the burial objects were not found. According to C 14 dating, the tomb belongs to the Tubo Period, which has lasted for more than 1200 years. The excavated tomb chamber structure of tomb 79 provides material materials for the study of the structure of Tubo Period tombs. The building complex is magnificent and peculiar, and the whole tomb group extends for several kilometers. It is a rare sight in Tibet. Lieshan ancient tomb not only reflects the funeral system and burial level of Tibet more than 1000 years ago, but also has important value for studying the rise and decline of Tubo Dynasty. It will be of great significance to study the history of Tibet and to explore the Millennium scale paleoclimate and paleoenvironment changes of the Tibetan Plateau. In 2000, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Lieshan cemetery

Lie Shan cemetery is located in lie Shan, Jindong Township, Lang County, Linzhi Prefecture. It was first excavated and cleared in August 1982. In 1993, a joint archaeological team formed by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the cultural relics administration committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region conducted another archaeological excavation.

Geographical structure

The ancient tombs in Lieshan are distributed on the relatively gentle slope in the south of Lieshan. The cemetery covers an area of about 500000 square meters. A total of 210 tombs of different sizes and shapes were found. The whole group of ancient tombs is divided into East and west areas by deep ditch and ridge. Most of the tombs are concentrated in the eastern area, and there are about 10 tombs in the western area. In 2000, Lieshan cemetery was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

The shape of ancient tombs in Lieshan is distinctive. They are all sealed earth tombs. The plane shapes of tombs are square, trapezoidal and circular, and there are a few "sub" shaped and composite deformation tombs. According to the size of the area, tombs can be divided into three categories: large, medium and small. There are more than 20 large tombs with a side length of more than 25 meters and an area of more than 600 square meters; there are more than 70 medium tombs with a side length of less than 25 meters and an area of less than 600 square meters; there are more than 60 small tombs with a side length of less than 10 meters and an area of less than 100 square meters. The height of soil sealing is generally 1-3m, and the highest is 14m. The longest side of the tomb is 66 meters, and the shortest side is only 2 meters.

Tomb No. 12, excavated in 1993, has a complex shape. The surface of the tomb is 2 meters high, and the side is 5-6 meters long. Under the earth sealing, there is a tomb made of large stone blocks. The top of the tomb is arched with stone pieces and wooden columns. The technique is simple and practical. No valuable funerary objects were found in the tomb.

The shape of tomb No. 155 excavated in 1993 is another kind of structure. On the surface of the cemetery, there are nearly square mounds 6-7 meters long, some of which have been damaged. The existing mounds are 2 meters high and 0.7 meters low. Under the soil sealing, there is a rectangular vertical pit covered with bucket, which is filled with gravel, soil and wood. A side chamber was formed in the south of the tomb bottom. The top of the side chamber was built with 8 logs with a diameter of 0.4 meters.

Wood products were also found in the filling of tomb 155, which is an important unearthed object in the cemetery. The wood products are about 1 meter long wooden bar members, whose cross-section is basically square. The surface of the wooden bar is carefully processed, and some of them still have ink lines. Individual letters written in ink are found on individual wooden bars, which are similar to the vowel letters in modern Tibetan.

In 1993, two stone tablets were excavated from Lieshan ancient tomb. The base of the tablet is carved in the shape of a tortoise. The head is incomplete, but the tortoise's limbs can still be identified. The pedestal is 1.2m long and 0.66M high.

Huge scale

Today, the stone tablet has been lost. The large scale and large number of tombs in Lieshan cemetery are rare in Tibet. Lieshan cemetery provides important material materials of mausoleum system and funeral etiquette in Tubo Period.

The shape of tombs

Lie mountain cemetery is distributed in the south of lie mountain on the relatively gentle slope. In the south, jindongqu (River) flows from east to west and flows into the Yarlung Zangbo River. In the south, there are continuous mountains. About 1 km to the west of the cemetery is what the locals call lie village.

Through the work of archaeologists in 1982 and 1993, we have a basic understanding of the overall situation of Lieshan cemetery. At present, more than 210 tombs of different sizes and shapes have been found in Lieshan cemetery, with an area of about 500000 square meters. Most of the tombs are concentrated in the East, about 2 km to the west, and about 10 tombs are preserved.

Address: Lieshan, Jindong Township, Lang County, Linzhi Prefecture

Longitude: 93.339881896973

Latitude: 28.981622695923

Chinese PinYin : Lie Shan Mu Di