The second King City of Han Dynasty

The second King City of Han Dynasty

The Han baerwangcheng site is located in Guangwu mountain, about 17 kilometers northwest of Xingyang, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. There is a gap between the two city sites.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu faced each other and built Guangwu city in the East and West, which was regarded as a stalemate. The west city was built by Liu Bang, which is called the King City of Han Dynasty; the east city was built by Xiang Yu, which is the King City. The two cities are separated by Guangwu stream (the gap in the Warring States period), which is deep

It is 200 meters wide, 100 meters wide and 800 meters wide, with a north-south trend. This stream is the boundary of Chu River and Han Dynasty. The two cities are close to the Yellow River in the north and the mountains in the southwest.

Due to the continuous erosion of the Yellow River, the existing Han and Bawang cities have lost their original appearance, especially the north wall of the two cities has collapsed into the water. According to the actual measurement in 1980, the remaining Hanwang city is 530 meters long in the East and West, 190 meters long in the north and south, 30 meters wide in the wall, 6 meters high, and 10 meters high at the top; Bawang city is 400 meters long in the East and West, 340 meters long in the north and south, 28 meters wide, 7 meters high, and 15 meters high at the top. The ramming layers of the two cities are basically the same, which are flat ramming, and the soil used is yellowish brown. There is another ramming Earth City in the west of Hanwang City, which is said to be the "Zifang city" where Zhang Liang lived.

Han baerwangcheng is rich in cultural resources with the background of Chu River and Han boundary, especially "Chu River and Han boundary" remains on the Chinese chess board with its unique historical witness. It is a vivid witness of the Chu Han war more than 2000 years ago.

In July 1986, it was announced as a provincial cultural relics protection unit, and in May 2013, it was approved as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Historical meditation

When it was still hot, I went to the "Han Ba Er Wang City" in Guangwu mountain of mangling. It's said that the Central Plains win the world. Since ancient times, I don't know how many hostile parties have met each other in the Central Plains. More than 2000 years ago, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang fought for supremacy in Guangwu mountain, leaving behind the ruins of the ancient battlefield of "Han overlord two kings City". According to historical data, in 203 BC, Liu Bang, king of the Han Dynasty, led his troops across the river to take Chenggao (now Xingyang Sishui) and built a fortress in Guangwu mountain to prevent Chu from entering the West. At that time, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, was fighting in Qi. Hearing that Cheng Gao had been defeated, he led his troops westward to Guangwu, where he also built a city fortress on the mountain, forming a confrontation between Chu and Han. In the past two years, the two armies fought each other for many times, and each won or lost. Once, Xiang Yu took Liu Bang's Taigong as a hostage and put him in Xiangyu pile (today's Taigong platform) on the side of Bawang city. He threatened Liu Bang and said, "don't hurry now, I'll cook Taigong." Liu Bang said to each other across the ditch: "you and I are both in the north. We are appointed by King Huai. We are brothers. If I want to cook you, I'll have a share. " Xiang Yu, the second King City of the Han Dynasty, obeyed Xiang Bo and did not kill Tai Gong. Liu Bang enumerates Xiang Yu's crimes across the ditch. Xiang Yu is angry and shoots Liu Bang in the chest with a bow. Liu Bang, who is seriously injured, pretends to shoot his own toe with a crossbow. According to Zhang liangmou, he tries to endure the pain and comes to the front of the battle to stabilize the morale of the army and stick to his position. After that, Liu Bang went back to Chenggao to recuperate. After that, Yanren from the North sent troops to help Liu Bang. Han Xin attacked Chu at the same time. Xiang Jun was short of food and grass, so he had to share the world with Liu Bang. Taking the chasm as the boundary, he returned to Chu in the East and Han in the West. This is the story of "the struggle between Chu and Han, the gap as the boundary". In 202 BC, Xiang Yu led his troops to the East, which was supposed to be within his territory. However, Liu Bang ignored the promise of "about being a brother" and crossed the "chasm". He led his troops to chase Xiang Yu to cuxia and surrounded Xiang's regiment, which was surrounded by songs of Chu on all sides. Xiang Yu drank in his tent at night and sang elegantly: "I can pull up the mountain with great strength, and I will never die when I am against it. What can I do if I don't die? What's the matter with you Yu Ji, a beautiful woman, said: "Han soldiers have gone to the four corners of Chu song. The king's spirit is exhausted. How can I live In desperation, Xiang Yu got on his horse, followed 800 of them, broke through the encirclement, and ran away, followed by 5000 of the Han army. Xiang Yu wanted to cross the Wujiang River, but he had a pavilion commander to prepare for the boat. Xiang Yu sighed, "I'm dead. How can I cross the river? I've crossed the river with 8000 Jiangdong disciples, and none of them has returned. Zong Jiangdong and his father have pity on me. How can I see that? " So he cut his neck and died. Staged a "Farewell My Concubine" heroic scene. Later, Liu Bang was located in the Sishui city of Xingyang, where he began to record the year of the Western Han Dynasty, and the dispute between Chu and Han came to an end. History is so strange and interesting. Due to the invasion of the Yellow River to the south, most of the original "Han baerwang city" collapsed, and the remaining sites became today's tourist attractions. In any case, it seems that you can imagine the past situation, the personalities of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, and their honor and disgrace by standing there and thinking about the ancient battlefield. However, how to evaluate the intricate history through the smoke of history?

wide gap

Chinese people all know that the boundary river in the middle of Chinese chess board is called Chuhe Hanjie, but do you know the geographical location of Chuhe Hanjie? Can you tell the origin of the Han kingdom of Chu River? Let me tell you, the boundary between Chu River and Han Dynasty is the gap that connects the Yellow River to the north and Guangwu mountain stream to the north, 25 kilometers northwest of Zhengzhou. On the East and west sides of the gap are Bawang city and Hanwang City, where Xiang Yu, the king of Chu, and Liu Bang, the king of Han, confront each other.

Historical gap

Chaku is a river channel excavated by Wei state during the Warring States period. The river flows eastward through Kaifeng City and southward into Yinghe river.

As early as the end of the spring and Autumn period, the powerful state of Jin began to be turbulent due to the increase of the power of the scholar bureaucrats. At the beginning of the Warring States period, it was finally divided into three countries, namely, Han, Zhao and Wei. Among them, Wei developed earlier, first occupied a large area in the southwest of the mountain and the east of Shaanxi. With the expansion of its power, it also seized large areas of land on the South Bank of the Yellow River, which is now Yanjin, Yuanyang and Kaifeng. In order to connect the East and the west, in the 10th year of King Hui of Wei (361 BC), the state of Wei invested a lot of manpower and material resources in digging ditches on the South Bank of the Yellow River by using the natural terrain of Guangwu stream, and diverting the Yellow River into the fields. First, it was used as a canal to transport food and other materials; second, it was used as a water conservancy project to irrigate the coastal farmland.

The Han boundary of Chu River

As an ordinary River, chasm is nothing special. It can be recorded in the history books and on the chessboard because in the early Western Han Dynasty, after many years of wars between Chu and Han, in 203 BC, Chu and Han fought against each other to divide the world by chasm.

Out of Zhengzhou City, 50 miles to the northwest, you will arrive at the Yellow River tourist area. From luotuoling in the tourist area, 6 miles westward along the South Bank of the Yellow River, there is an east-west mountain called Guangwu mountain. According to Xingze county annals, Guangwu mountain "rises steeply from the river and stretches continuously from north to South The peak range is sharp and beautiful, the steep is tens of feet, the morning glow and the evening smoke, and the abnormal is various. There is a huge gully from the south to the northeast, which is the chasm, also known as "Guangwu stream". It is adjacent to the Yellow River in the north, undulating mountains in the West and south, and the terrain is very dangerous. To the west, the Guanzhong Basin can be directly smashed to capture 800 li of Qinchuan. To the East, it can go down to the east of Henan and the north of Jiangsu to control the Huanghuai Plain. Therefore, it has always been a place for military strategists and an ancient battlefield for Chu and Han Dynasties.

In 203 BC, Liu Bang took advantage of Xiang Yu's eastward expedition and led his troops across the river to attack Chenggao (guangwuxi). Cao Jiu, the general of Chenggao garrison, obeyed Xiang Yu's instruction that "if the Han Dynasty challenges Chenggao, he should be careful not to fight with the Han Dynasty. He should not be challenged by the Han army. Liu Bang used his tactics to make his soldiers fight several times a day, humiliating Cao Jiu as a timid woman. Cao Jiu couldn't bear it. He led his army out of the city to fight Liu Bang and killed himself. Liu Bang occupied Chenggao, stationed in Guangwu, and took grain from aocang. When Xiang Yu heard that Cheng Gao had been lost in Qi, he led his army westward. Liu Bang built a fortress in the west mountain of Guangwu, blocking Chu to the east of the chasm. Xiang Yu also stationed his troops in Guangwu, built a castle in Dongshan, and confronted the Han Army across the stream, forming a confrontation between Chu and Han.

After several months of stalemate, the Chu army was tired of food and eager to fight. Liu Bang, backed by AO Cang's food, held fast to the city fortress and waited for work with ease. Xiang Yu put Liu Bang's father, who was kept as a hostage in the army, on top of Gao Zu, forcing Liu Bang to fight, otherwise he would kill Liu Taigong. Liu Bang said with a smile across the stream, "Xiang Yu and I are both in the north. We have been asked to have a king. We are brothers. I am ruowang. If you want to cook erweng, you will be lucky to have a share of me. " (historical records of Xiang Yu) Liu Bang listed Xiang Yu's ten major crimes: first, he was granted the title of king of Han Dynasty by breaking the contract; second, he forced his life to kill Song Yi, the champion of Qing Dynasty; third, he had been sent to Zhao and entered the pass without repayment; fourth, he burned the Qin palace and plundered property; fifth, he killed his son and baby; sixth, he killed 200000 Qin soldiers and killed his subordinates; seventh, he was unfairly enfeoffed; Eighth, he seized Pengcheng, The ninth is to kill the righteous emperor; the tenth is to kill the Lord and surrender. It is unfair for the government and the Lord does not believe in the agreement, so the world is not allowed to be rebellious. Xiang Yu was so angry that he shot Liu Bang in the chest with a crossbow. However, Liu Bang felt his feet and said, "my fingers are in the middle of the road!" (records of the historian

Finally, Xiang Yu was forced to accept the peace treaty and divide the world by the gap. The West was Han and the East Chu. After that, Xiang Yu returned to the East in accordance with the contract, but Liu Bang used Zhang Liang and Chen Ping's tactics to break the contract, crossed the chasm, organized troops to encircle the Chu army, and finally forced Xiang Yu to commit suicide. Later generations called Liu Bang's and Xiang Yu's barracks as hanwangcheng and bawangcheng respectively. The boundary river gap between Chu and Han flowed into Chinese chess, becoming the narrow "Chuhe Hanjie" in the middle of the chessboard.

So the horse moans

Two thousand years of history has already changed the majestic appearance of the two royal cities. Due to the continuous erosion of the Yellow River, the north wall of the two cities has collapsed into the water. The remnant of the Han Dynasty is long from east to west

Chinese PinYin : Han Ba Er Wang Cheng