Mangdangshan Geopark

Mangdangshan Geopark

Mangdangshan provincial Geopark is located in Mangdangshan Han culture scenic area, Yongcheng City, Henan Province, covering a total area of about 50 square kilometers. It is composed of Mangdangshan Park (Baoan mountain scenic area, Mangdangshan mountain scenic area, Fuzi mountain scenic area, Fushan Mountain Scenic Area) and Yushan park. Mangdang Mountain is unique in geology and landform. The geological landscape, geological relics, biological resources and cultural heritage scattered in the scenic area constitute a walking dictionary to record the vicissitudes, changes of geographical environment and thousands of years of human cultural activities. Through better integration of local culture, geological science popularization, ecological environment and folk customs, more people can understand the evolution of strata, the development of the earth and the laws of the universe.

formation

Mangdang Mountain is located in the alluvial plain of Huanghuai river at the junction of Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. It connects Xuhuai River in the East, Huishui River in the south, Shangbian River in the West and Longhai River in the north, with a total area of 50 square kilometers. It is a comprehensive Geopark with typical geological section and residual Hill landform, supplemented by humanities and ecology.

Geological data show that Mangdangshan is located in the southern margin of the North China platform. From the Mesoproterozoic (1.6-1 billion years ago) to the present, it has experienced six major crustal movements, and finally formed its present skeleton.

About 1.4 billion years ago, a crustal movement called Luliang movement occurred on the earth. Since then, the North China platform has declined slowly, changed from a quasi plain state to a coastal shallow sea oxidation environment, and continued from the Jixian period (1.4-1 billion years ago) to the late Middle Ordovician period (about 460 million years ago). In the late Middle Ordovician, about 461 million years ago, a crustal movement called Caledonian movement took place in the area, and the North China platform uplifted as a whole, ending the Paleozoic transgression and turning into the weathering and denudation stage, which lasted until the Middle Carboniferous of Late Paleozoic (about 345 million years ago).

From 354 million to 290 million years ago, the crustal movement called Hualixi movement took place here, ending the long-term denudation of North China platform, active crustal oscillation, rapid changes of sea and land, carbonate rock deposition during transgression, terrigenous clastic deposition during regression, mostly mudstone, sandy mudstone, sandstone, abundant plant fossils and intercalated with multi-layer coal.

From 255 million to 205 million years ago, another crustal movement called Indosinian movement occurred in this area, and the North China platform uplifted as a whole. After that, the Yanshanian movement took place, which was mainly characterized by strong folds and faults, accompanied by magmatic eruption and intrusion activities. The previous geological structure framework was dismembered and transformed, forming a new structural pattern, which has been maintained up to now.

The main body of Mangdangshan Geopark is sedimentary rock, which is the main part of the earth's crust. It records the vicissitudes of the earth, just like a masterpiece of the development and evolution of the earth's crust, showing people the vicissitudes of the earth.

In the Cenozoic about 65 million years ago, the Himalayan movement took place here. The crustal changes in the East and west of Henan Province showed significant differences. The west of Henan Province was uplifted into a hilly environment, while the East declined as a whole. The mountains and hills uplifted during the Yanshanian period became a vast basin, from denudation to deposition. In other words, the similar skeleton of Mangdang Mountain was formed in this period.

After 1.4 billion years of careful carving by nature, Mangdangshan area has formed the geomorphic characteristics of plain dominated and denuded residual hills, which has brought rich mineral resources here. There are many kinds of mineral resources near Mangdangshan, including 17 kinds of dolomite, marble, granite, kaolin, quartzite and magnetite. The reserves are large, high-grade and easy to exploit. Among them, the reserves of coal are the largest. The storage area of high-quality coal here is 1300 square kilometers, and the refined reserves are 3.243 billion tons. In addition, the prospective reserves are about 2 billion tons, with an annual mining capacity of more than 20 million tons It is one of the six anthracite bases in China.

Qifeng grotesque rock is the main karst landscape in Mangdang Mountain. Besides karstification, man-made mining is also an important reason. The shapes of these strange stones are strange. Some of them pierce the sky like a sword, some of them are like an old man sitting in meditation, some of them are like a pillar of the sky, some of them form an artificial Canyon between two cliffs, and some of them are smooth as a mirror.

structure

The main geological landscapes of Mangdangshan include Oolitic Limestone, bamboo leaf limestone, ripple mark, stone egg, fossil, fault and so on.

Fault structure: located in the north of Baoan mountain, NE-SW strike, fault plane inclines to NW, with a drop of more than 130 meters. Large fault zones are mostly filled with Neogene reddish brown clay, and some are also filled with limestone blocks with complete edges and corners, which is very spectacular. Local people call this phenomenon "carrying children and holding grandchildren". It can be seen everywhere in Baoshan, Fushan and lishantou. The fault structure in this area is developed, mainly high angle normal fault, and the structural trace is clear. The more significant fault group is Fushan near east-west fault group, which is buried in the Cenozoic to the East, enters the Jiaohe Fengxian Woyang fault zone in Anhui Province, and submerges into the Quaternary strata to the West. The development of NE and NW fractures may be caused by the influence of large-scale structures nearby. The fracture surface is mostly filled with calcite, forming vein and network. Some calcite forms secondary mineral nepheline, and some forms small stalactite and stalagmite.

Oolitic structure: it is mainly distributed in the limestone of Upper Cambrian, and this kind of limestone is named Oolitic Limestone. The shape of Oolites is mostly spherical. There is a particle in the center of the section, which is concentric. The particle is formed by the inclusion and precipitation of clastic materials suspended in warm and slightly high salinity clear sea water by calcium carbonate and other salts.

Bamboo leaf structure: it is widely distributed in the upper Cambrian and formed in the high-energy zone with strong hydrodynamic conditions, such as tidal flat, intertidal zone and other shallow sea environment. In this environment, the unconsolidated rock is broken by the impact of wave current, and the fragments are eroded into strip, oblate, oval and other shapes similar to bamboo leaves, and then deposited. The pores are cemented by calcite and consolidated into rock. The "bamboo leaves" are often dark rose, purple, and the cement is bluish gray. In addition, there are gravelly limestone, the gravels are mostly yellowish and light brown, the cement is bluish gray and grayish yellow, and its genesis is similar to bamboo leaf limestone.

Ripple mark: it occurs in the limestone of Upper Cambrian Gushan formation, and is widely distributed at the level of Baoshan and lishantou. There is a layer with an exposed area of 100 square meters, the wave trace is well preserved, and the trend of the wave crest (Valley) is basically perpendicular to the rock stratum, showing a straight line. The layer was polluted by iron into purplish red, formed in the shallow intertidal zone, has a certain ornamental value.

Giant horizontal bedding: it occurs in the carbonate rocks of Upper Cambrian and lower Ordovician, and the interfaces between the fine layers are parallel and flat, which indicates that it was formed under the condition of relatively stable hydrodynamic force. The horizontal and beautiful bedding of the limestone in Fushan is like stacks of books, waiting for people to read.

Gravel structure - Fushan Shidan: it occurs in Cambrian limestone, and its hydrodynamic environment type is similar to that of bamboo leaf limestone, which can be seen in Baoan mountain and Fushan mountain. Weifu mountain is well preserved within an area of less than 8 square meters, and the individual is generally larger than 15 cm, which has certain ornamental and scientific research value.

Address: Mangdangshan Geopark, Yongcheng City, Shangqiu City

Longitude: 116.501424

Latitude: 34.189439

Tel: 0370-5975669

Chinese PinYin : Mang Dang Shan Di Zhi Gong Yuan