Cishan Cultural Museum

Cishan Cultural Museum

Cishan culture museum is located under the platform in the northwest of Wuan Cishan site in Handan City, Hebei Province. It was built in September 1994. At the end of 2003, Cishan cultural exhibition was adjusted and fully moved into the main exhibition hall, which was officially opened to the public. Cishan culture is a Neolithic culture in North China. It was first discovered in Wuan Cishan, Handan City, Hebei Province. Cishan is recognized as the first discovery place of grain millet, domestic chicken and Central Plains walnut in the world. The discovery of millet, domestic chicken and walnut changed the history of millet farming, domestic chicken domestication and walnut production in the world. The record of planting millet in the Yellow River Valley of China was advanced to about 10000 years ago, which filled the gap of the former Yangshao culture and corrected the current understanding of the time of planting millet in the world agricultural history.

In March 1982, Guangming Daily reported that Cishan was the birthplace of compass, one of the four great inventions. According to the record of ancient mines, the Ming dynasty ruled that Cishan, located 30 Li southwest of the county, is a native mineral, and the name of the state is here. Cishan, the hometown of compass.

Cishan culture

Early Neolithic culture in North China. It was first discovered in Cishan, Wuan, Hebei Province. The Cishan culture, first discovered in 1933 in Cishan, Wuan, Hebei Province, appeared between 5400 and 5100 B.C. It is an important early Neolithic culture in North China, just like Peiligang culture. Cishan culture is mainly distributed in Southern Hebei and other places.

Excavated in 1973. The age is about 5400-5100 B.C. (the latest identification is about 10300-8700 B.C.). Duoqi culture is closely related to Peiligang culture. Some people call them "Peiligang Cishan culture". The discovery fills in an important gap in the early Neolithic culture of China. Cishan cultural site is 17 kilometers away from Wu'an city. It is a new early Neolithic cultural site first discovered in China, about 7300 years ago, breaking through the age of Neolithic Yangshao cultural archaeology. In 1988, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

The site of Cishan culture discovered in 1972 covers an area of nearly 140000 square meters. Three excavations were carried out here from 1976 to 1978. By the end of 1978, the excavation area reached 6000 square meters, the cultural layer was 1 to 2 meters thick, and many pits were 6 to 7 meters deep. More than 6000 kinds of pottery, stone tools, bone ware, mussel ware, animal bones and plant specimens have been unearthed, which provides valuable clues to the earlier civilization origin of agriculture, animal husbandry and pottery industry in China. If we say that more than 7000 years ago, many places on the earth were still in the stage of flourishing, and people here have grown grain, raised poultry, made production and living utensils, and fired pottery Entered the earliest civilization of mankind. Xia Nai, the late famous archaeologist in China, pointed out: "the discovery of the Cishan cultural site is a major breakthrough in Neolithic Archaeology in China." It provides abundant and valuable underground materials for the study and exploration of the early Neolithic culture in China. Two house foundations were found in the site, both of which are half cavern houses. Among the artifacts of Fangji site, there is a burnt clay block with a clear mat pattern, which indicates that reed mat was made in this area 7300 years ago. From this, we can imagine the great convenience that reed mat brought to people's life. Archaeologists call this artifact the best in the country.

In the Cishan site, 468 ash pits were excavated, of which 88 rectangular pits were found with millet ash at the bottom, with a thickness of 0.3 to 2 meters. In 10 pits, the grain accumulation was nearly 2 meters thick. The quantity and thickness of the grain accumulation are rare among the Neolithic cultural relics excavated in China.

The significance of the discovery of Cishan culture in Chinese Archaeology: Yin Weizhang pointed out that the discovery of Cishan cultural site has pushed Yangshao culture upward for more than 1000 years, which is of great value in the history of academic development. The discovery of Cishan cultural site is of great significance in the exploration of civilization. Duan Hongzhen believes that the significance of the discovery of Cishan culture lies in the discovery of the culture 7000 years ago and the discovery of the early agricultural remains millet in large quantities for the first time. Wang Jihuai believes that the academic significance of the excavation of Cishan culture is to establish the chronological sequence of Neolithic Archaeology in southern and central Hebei, and to add valuable information to the discussion of ancient cultural exchanges between Central Plains and northern Hebei.

archaeological research

7000 years of civilization

Archaeological studies show that the Cishan site is a relic of the Neolithic period, which is about 7000 years ago. At that time, the ancestors had ended their nomadic life of "living by water and grass", had relatively stable settlements, and formed a life style of planting millet, supplemented by collecting, fishing and hunting. In this period, the ancestors had been able to make ground stone tools and hand-made pottery, and their bone needles were not much bigger than steel needles. In this "primitive village", there are not only pigs and dogs, but also chickens and walnuts.

The Cishan site represents the cultural features of the early and middle Neolithic period and fills a gap in the study of Neolithic culture in China. Because of its typical representative significance, it was named "Cishan culture" by archaeologists and designated as the national key cultural relics protection unit in 1988. Since 1986, the Museum of Cishan culture has been built for more than 20 years. Hebei Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology and Hebei Academy of Social Sciences, with the cooperation of Handan city and Wu'an City Cultural Bureau, have successively held Cishan culture academic seminar, Cishan Yi culture academic seminar, economic and technological project release and negotiation conference, Wu'an drama seminar and Wu'an eco-tourism seminar It has a great influence at home and abroad, carrying forward the Cishan culture, showing the Chinese civilization, and giving full play to the real role of "culture setting up the stage, economy singing".

Wu'an municipal government of Handan city will invest 100 million yuan to build and expand the Cishan Cultural Museum, add new cultural facilities, and put the high standard and multi-functional new museum into use. Taking the Cishan culture as the main body, relying on the natural landscape, and integrating sightseeing, leisure, and archaeological research, the "Cishan cultural heritage tourist area planning" will fully display the Cishan cultural spirit and regional characteristics on the basis of protecting the Cishan cultural heritage, and receive guests from all over the world with outstanding image, complete facilities, and beautiful environment, so as to make the "Cishan culture" splendid "Modernization" ushered in a new spring.

The earliest domestic chicken in the world

In addition to a large number of stone tools, pottery and accumulated "millet ash" found in the Cishan site, archaeologists also unearthed more bird bones. Whether these bird bones came from domesticated early domestic chickens is also considered to be an important mystery of "Cishan culture".

According to tradition, domestic chicken originated in India around 2000 BC. However, relevant experts have compared the bird bones in the Cishan site with the modern bird bones in the Beijing Museum of natural history, and found that they are different from the modern original chicken tarsi? The shape and size of the bones are very similar. Therefore, they believe that the bird bone specimens unearthed in Cishan are most likely to belong to chickens, and may also be domesticated early domestic chickens.

Domestication of domestic chicken in China can be traced back to 5400 BC, more than 3000 years earlier than India.

Living utensils

From the specimens and a large number of artifacts unearthed from the Cishan site, it can be seen that as early as 7000 years ago, there was relatively developed agriculture in the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain in Southern Hebei. At that time, the level of productivity had been separated from the initial stage of agricultural economy, and a considerable number of people had engaged in special manual labor. Primitive handicraft industry had become an important part of primitive agriculture, fishing, hunting, gathering, production and life Points. The rich connotation of Cishan cultural site provides a new and important link for the study and exploration of early Neolithic culture in China.

Address: nankongbi village, Cishan Town, Wu'an city, Handan City

Longitude: 114.1239303072

Latitude: 36.5766846611

Tel: 0310-5816066

Ticket information: free.

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