Jinkouba

Jinkouba

Jinkouba is located on the Dongsi River in Yanzhou District, Jining City, Shandong Province. According to the records of physical materials, it was built in the third year of Yanchang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (514). It is an ancient water conservancy project integrating the functions of transportation, irrigation, economic transportation, flood control, water storage and sightseeing. Because of its important position, the dam body stone and stone are connected by metal (iron), so it is named.

Jinkou dam has been standing tall for more than 1500 years, and its construction is solid, which reflects the development level of the advanced productive forces and the wisdom of the working people at that time. It is an outstanding project in the history of ancient dam and bridge. In March 2013, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Historical evolution

There is no proof for the beginning of the construction of jinkouba. According to material records, jinkouba was built in 514, the third year of Yanchang in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Yuankuang, the governor of Yanzhou, presided over the construction of weirs and bridges here. According to shuijingzhu, "Zhushui" entered the stone gate in the southeast of Qiucheng, and the stone gate of the ancients crossed the water ". It can be seen that before the construction of jinkouba in yuankuang, there should have been" stone gate "here.

During the kaihuang period of the Sui Dynasty (581-600), Xue Zhou, the governor of Yanzhou, accumulated stone weir water at the interchange between Yi and Si, and made it flow westward to irrigate the land. As a result, a large area of land in the west of the city became fertile land, and agriculture continued to reap bumper harvests. People praised it as "Xue gongfeng yanqu". In 952, the second year of Guangshun in the late Zhou Dynasty, Murong Yanchao rebelled against Yanzhou and used the Sihe river of jinkoubayan as a defense.

In the 20th year of the reign of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty (1283), "the meeting to connect the river is to build the old canal of Zhou, which is a rolling stone dam to lead Si into transportation." In the fourth year of Yanyou reign of emperor Renzong of the Yuan Dynasty (1317), it was divided into two tunnels, with gates installed, which were opened and closed according to the seasonal water potential. In the seventh year of Chenghua (1471) of Ming Dynasty, Zhang Keqian, the governor of Dushui, built the dam in September. More than 30000 pieces of stone, more than 80000 wooden piles and millions of lime are used. The body of the dam is fixed with iron clasps, and the caulking is mixed with glutinous rice, becoming the famous "Jinkou jade dam" in Shandong Province. In 1558, the 37th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, 1738 and 1771, the 36th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the dam was rebuilt, and the dam body was lengthened and increased to five holes to discharge water.

In 1950 and 1956, Yanzhou people's Government renovated jinkouba and heituyere respectively. In 1997, because the riverbed of jinkouba collapsed and the bridge stones collapsed, the Yanzhou municipal government carried out large-scale maintenance of jinkouba and set up a monument in the west of the dam to record events. In 2007, Yanzhou municipal government started the Fu River landscape belt project and renovated the Jinkou dam again. In 2013, jinkouba was approved as a national key cultural relics protection unit. The State Administration of cultural relics appropriated funds for its maintenance, increased the north water retaining weir, and added part of swallow tail iron buckle to the dam body.

Architectural structure

Jinkou dam is 123 meters long, 10.1 meters wide and 2.6 meters high. The elevation of the river bottom is 48.5 meters. There are five openings in the dam body and gates are installed. The foundation of the dam is wooden pile, and the wood is pine and cypress. The dam body is built with slats. The slats and slats are connected and fixed with cast iron buckles. The upper and lower holes are drilled and inserted with wooden piles or iron drills. On the wings of geese at both ends of the dam, there are two pairs of horizontal "Chong Ba Chong Xia" water animals carved in the Yuan Dynasty. They are 120 cm long and 25 cm high. The upstream is male, and the downstream is female. They look directly at each other with vivid eyes.

Jinkou dam has been standing tall for more than 1500 years, and its construction is solid, which reflects the development level of the advanced productive forces and the wisdom of the working people at that time. It is an outstanding project in the history of ancient dam and bridge.

Water conservancy function

Jinkouba is a building with functions of flood control, irrigation and transportation. Its design is reasonable and the building is solid, which fully embodies the wisdom of the ancient working people. In ancient times, jinkouba was a traffic hub across the East and West ancient post road, which connected Langya in the East and Chang'an in the West. Until the 1960s, it was the only way to connect Yanzhou and Qufu.

There are also heifengkou gate and Fuhe River, which are the supporting water conservancy facilities of jinkouba. Heituyere, formerly known as Jinkou sluice, is a stone cavernous sluice, which is used to control the flow of river water into Fu River (Fengyan canal).

During the kaihuang period of the Sui Dynasty (581-600), Surabaya flooded again, and the dam and weir were destroyed. Xue zhounai, the governor of Yanzhou, organized people to build a new stone weir and let it flow into the heitui to the west, reducing the amount of water to irrigate the farmland. According to the biography of Xue Zhou in the book of Sui Dynasty, "in the east of Yanzhou City, Yi and Si flow southward, flooding daze.". Zhou then Jishi weir, decided to West note, PI Ze as good land. It was also transported to the Huaihai river for the benefit of the people. It was called "xuegongfeng yanqu."

In 1283, in order to solve the problem of water shortage in Huitong section of the Grand Canal, jinkouba and Fengyan canal were renovated and Si River was introduced into the canal. According to Ma Zhizhen's suggestion, "set up a sluice weir in Yanzhou and let the river flow westward; set up a sluice weir in Yicheng to divide the Wenshui River into the river and converge southward in Jizhou", which is the famous "four water (Wen, Wei, Si, Fu) Jiyun" project. According to Ziyang County annals published in 1888 of the 14th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, "when the water is poor in summer, the gate will be opened to discharge the water to the South; when the water is weak in winter and spring, the gate will be closed to stop the water, so that the water will enter Fucheng in the west, meandering to Jining, and join the society to facilitate the river transportation." So far, jinkouba has another function of economic transportation.

Historical allusions

Jinkouba is magnificent and strong, across the Si River, just like a long rainbow lying in waves. It has been a tourist attraction since ancient times, known as "jinkouba" and once one of the "Eight Sights of Yanzhou". At the turn of summer and autumn, the waves are as clear as a mirror and the willows are green. Visitors to this, such as into the painting.

Li Bai, the great poet of Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem "boating in donglumen"

Water for qinglongpan stone embankment, peach blossom Jiaan, lumenxi.

If you teach me to go by boat under the moon, it's like wind flowing to Shanxi.

At that time, Li Bai and Du Fu met in Yanzhou. They went boating in lumen, held banquets in Shimen, and wrote poems for singing. In 1994, two stone statues of Shouqiao in the Northern Wei Dynasty were unearthed. One of them has the inscription "qishimen under Sijin..." A few sentences show that this is the place where Shixian and Shisheng meet at Shimen. Jinkouba, a stone gate on the water, has written down the eternal story of "the sun and the moon meet" in the poetic world in the history of Chinese literature. The ancient jinkouba and Sihe River provide a good source of creation for the two great poets.

Address: on Chengsi River, Yanzhou City, Jining City

Longitude: 116.85572814941

Latitude: 35.55087617432

Chinese PinYin : Jin Kou Ba