Sanque in Han Dynasty

Sanque in Han Dynasty

Sanque of the Han Dynasty, also known as sanque of the Eastern Han Dynasty, namely Taishi que, Shaoshi Que and Qimu que, is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located in the hinterland of Songshan Mountain in Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province.

Han sanque is a special kind of stone carving art. It is the oldest existing national ritual architecture remains in China. It is a precious material for the study of architectural history, art history and social history of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

On August 1, 2010, the historical buildings in heaven and earth, including taishique, shaoshique and qimuque, were listed as world cultural heritage.

Brief introduction of cultural relics

Que is a symbolic ritual architecture in ancient China, which reflects the ritual thoughts of different historical periods.

Sanque in the Eastern Han Dynasty is the oldest existing national ritual architecture in China. It is a precious material for the study of architectural history, art history and social history of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The sanque of Songshan Mountain in the Eastern Han Dynasty is famous in the world and unparalleled in the country. Historians are surprised by it, cultural relic experts are proud of it, epigraphists are highly praised, archaeologists are prized as treasures, and the State Council announced it as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Sanque, built in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is one of the first batch of national cultural relics protection units announced in March 1961. Among them, taishique is the No.1 national cultural relic protection unit of Chinese ancient architecture, shaoshique and qimuque are No.2 and No.3 cultural relic protection units respectively, which shows that the state attaches great importance to its protection. Experts suggest that as the sanque of the Eastern Han Dynasty is an endangered and rare cultural relic with a long history, academic research should be put in the first place, and the current semi open state should be closed and protected as soon as possible.

On August 1, 2010, located in the hinterland of Songshan Mountain and the surrounding heaven and earth, the historical buildings (Shaolin Temple (Changzhi, chuzu'an, talin), the three que (Taishi que, Shaoshi que, Qimu que), Zhongyue temple, Songyue temple tower, Huishan temple, Songyang academy, and star watching platform) of the Eastern Han Dynasty were listed as world cultural heritage sites.

Composition of cultural relics

Imperial Palace

Taishique is the Shinto Que in front of Zhongyue temple. It was built in 118, the fifth year of emperor an in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The height of the que is 3.92 meters, and it is divided into two parts, East and West, with a distance of 6.75 meters. Taishi que is an important physical witness of sacrificing Taishi Mountain God in ancient times. The ritual architecture complex composed of taishique and Zhongyue temple has unparalleled historical value. On August 1, 2010, at the 34th World Heritage conference, 11 historical buildings, including taishique, were listed as world cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Taishique consists of three parts: que base, que body and que top. Each que is divided into Zhengque and zique. The top of the que is carved with stones into the "si'a" top (the top of the veranda), and the four sides of the que body are carved with the technique of reducing the ground level. There are more than 60 relief patterns, such as Baixi, hunting, cockfighting, pushouzuhuan and so on. It is one of the earliest existing temples in China, which is of great value to the study of the history of architecture and painting in Han Dynasty.

Shaoshique

Shaoshique is the Shinto Que in front of shaoshishan temple in the Han Dynasty. It was built around the second year of emperor an's reign in the Eastern Han Dynasty (123 AD). Shaoshishan temple is also called shaoshici and shaoyimiao. Shaoshique is built with blue stone blocks, and its structure is similar to that of taishique. The height of the building is 3.75 meters, and the distance between the two buildings is 7.60 meters.

There are more than 60 reliefs of fox chasing rabbit, horse racing, Cuju, animal fighting, pushou holding ring and landscape patterns on the body of shaoshique, reflecting the folk customs of Han Dynasty. In particular, Cuju map provides a favorable physical evidence for the origin of modern football in China. It is also one of the models of sacrificial architecture in ancient China. Together with Taishi and Qimu que, it is called "three Han Que in Songshan".

Qimu que

Qimu que is located in the north of the middle section of Taishi road in the north of Dengfeng City, at the foot of Wansui peak. It is a Shinto que built in front of Qimu temple to commemorate Dayu's wife and Qimu's mother in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Qimu que is inscribed with the titles of the first 12 acts, the last 24 acts, four character eulogies and Fu imitating Chu Ci. The inscriptions record the flood control of GaN and Yu and the holy virtues of Han Dynasty. In addition to the inscriptions, there are more than 60 relief patterns on the body of the que. Among them, women's Cuju was exhibited at the Asian Games held in Beijing in 1990, which is the ancestor of modern football.

architectural art

The so-called que refers to two symmetrical buildings in front of the city gate, tomb gate, palace gate and temple gate. In ancient times, "Que" and "Que" were common. There was no banner between the two que, which was used as a road. According to the book of songs, this kind of building was built as early as the Zhou Dynasty. The purpose of the que is mainly to indicate the gate. It is a symbolic gate. The Cheng que can visit the Liao Dynasty to observe the enemy's situation. The palace Que and the Cheng que are built on the main traffic roads, hanging notices and decrees to show the people. Temple que is also called Shendao que.

Taishique is a Shinto Que in front of taishishan temple in the Han Dynasty. It was built in the Eastern Han Dynasty. More than 50 paintings of people, animals and buildings are carved on all sides of the que, with vivid shape and smooth lines. In addition, Li seal inscriptions are valuable materials for the study of Chinese history, as well as treasures in the art of calligraphy and sculpture.

Shaoshi que is at the foot of Shaoshi mountain, 6000 meters to the west of Dengfeng City. The inscription on the que narrates the story of Dayu who "went through his house three times but didn't enter" during flood control in ancient times.

Qimu que is the Shinto Que in front of Qimu temple. In the northeast of the que, there stands a stone several feet high, called Qimu stone. It is said that Dayu's flood control moved God. The jade emperor used his magic to make him a powerful man who dug mountains and canals.

Openness

In view of the importance of the sanque in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the new pressure faced by the protection of stone relics in China, experts suggest that the sanque in the Eastern Han Dynasty should be closed to the outside world until the cultural relics monitoring, constant temperature protection and other technical means are complete. Random strong light photography, stroking, blind rubbing, and even people's exhaled carbon dioxide will cause damage to stone relics. In August 2011, the sanque of Eastern Han Dynasty has started the construction of protection project, which is in a state of protection and not open to tourists.

Address: outside the gate of Zhongyue temple in Songshan scenic spot, Dengfeng City

Longitude: 113.0746383667

Latitude: 34.454837799072

Tel: 0371-67188061

Ticket information: no ticket required. Within 80 yuan in Songyang scenic area.

Chinese PinYin : Han San Que