Sanhetan cultural site

Sanhetan site

synonym

Sanhetan cultural site generally refers to sanhetan site

Sanhetan site is located in sanhetan, Chengguan Office, Zhugang Town, Yuhuan County. The site covers an area of 2000 square meters and 500 square meters have been excavated. The cultural layer is about 2 meters thick. The main accumulation is the remains of Shang and Zhou dynasties. It not only plays an important role in the study of ancient architectural history, but also provides rare material materials for the study of ancient civilization of coastal islands in southern Zhejiang.

In March 2005, it was announced as a county-level cultural relics protection unit.

essential information

Sanhetan site (provincial cultural relics protection unit)

Shang and Zhou Dynasties

Time of publication: March 16, 2005

The site covers an area of about 2000 square meters and has been excavated for 500 square meters. The cultural layer is about 2 meters thick. The main accumulation is the remains of Shang and Zhou dynasties. The relics mainly include primitive porcelain and hard pottery with impression, and primitive porcelain accounts for about 80% of the total artifacts. The dense wooden piles, wooden columns and other building foundation relics show that it is a dry column building, and can be divided into three relatively independent building units, of which F1 has a building area of 50 square meters.

brief introduction

Sanhetan site is a well preserved settlement site of the spring and autumn and Warring States period in our province. It is about 2800-2400 years ago. The site has rich connotations and well preserved Ganlan building base. It is of great value to study the cultural features and settlement forms of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in the coastal areas of southern Zhejiang.

In 1971, it was found in Nanshan village, Chengguan town. The area of the relics is about 2.1 square kilometers. The site is divided into three cultural layers. The first layer is the spring and autumn and Warring States period. The unearthed cultural relics include bowls, cups, bowls, etc.; the bronzes include swords, spears, knives, arrowheads, chisels, chisels, etc.; the printed hard pottery includes pots, pots, bottles, plates, and the patterns are mainly reticulated, rice lettered, checkered and Huiwen. The second layer is from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Shang Dynasty. A large number of primitive celadon were unearthed in the 4-5m deep lime soil layer. The material is rough, but the fire is high, and the texture is hard, basically reaching the porcelain. There are bowl, bean, plate, bowl and so on. A large number of rice, pottery and stone grinding plates were also found. More importantly, it is of high scientific value to study the architecture of Shang and Zhou dynasties. The third layer is the Neolithic age. The unearthed stone tools include plough, wheel, Cheng, axe, chisel, knife, arrowhead, hoe, etc. the pottery includes spinning wheel, net pendant, etc.

The duration of the site is 1800 years, which provides abundant data for the study of prehistoric culture of the southeast coastal islands in China. In 1986, it was announced as a key cultural relics protection unit at the county level. (Yuhuan county annals, 593 pages)

From the section of the deep pit excavated by the local villagers, a layer of 20-50 cm gray non ember black layer was found at a depth of 1.5 meters from the surface. A large number of hard pottery fragments and bronzes with geometric patterns of the spring and autumn and Warring States periods were unearthed below the black zone 2 meters deep from the earth's surface. The cultural layer of the Western Zhou Dynasty (lime soil layer) was found below the cultural layer of the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period at a depth of 3 meters. A large number of original celadon plates, bowls, channel stone grinding plates and many high footed stone bases were unearthed. A large number of ground stone tools, mainly production tools and fishing and hunting tools, were unearthed.

Environmental Science

In the excavation area of sanhetan site, the terrain slopes slowly from north to south. The cultural layer is 1.3-2.8 meters thick, thin at the top and thick at the bottom. The whole stack consists of three parts: upper, middle and lower. A brick chamber tomb with drainage facilities and a stone well were found under the topsoil of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the dark brown deposits with less sand and hard texture were about 40 cm thick and evenly distributed. This shows that the site had a stable development stage in the Southern Song Dynasty. The Warring States deposits, which are more than 1000 years apart, are directly superimposed under the deposits of the Song Dynasty. The thickness of the deposits is uneven. The lower part is mainly composed of sand, stone and mud, while the upper part contains less sand and stone. There is no trace except for more printed pottery pieces and primitive porcelain pieces. After clearing this layer, wooden piles and columns of different thickness were exposed one after another. The lower part of the deposit is mainly composed of simple sand layer and mixed layer of sand and sand. Other relics earlier than the building relics include two sections of inclined paths paved with pebbles and stones and dense small wood (a small amount of bamboo) piles excavated in a small area. It is in the lowest layer and its nature is unknown.

A lot of wooden architecture remains were found in the stratum about 1.5 meters deep from the surface of the earth, and the whole remains were stacked by the Warring States period. In the form of densely distributed wooden piles and pillars, all the pits were opened under the Warring States strata, breaking the strata of the spring and Autumn period. The exposed height and preserved length of wood depend on the groundwater level of the site, and are also related to the specific location of the pile and column, the burial depth, the thickness of the pile and the type of wood (some are Phoebe according to the preliminary determination). A total of more than 100 upright large and small wooden piles and columns were found, most of which were about 1 meter long. According to the height of the terrain, the density and distribution of wooden columns (piles), and the difference in the thickness of columns, the architectural relics are divided into two parts: North and south. The north part is high-lying, with a small number of wooden piles, most of which are thin in diameter, only 15 cm up and down. There are fewer columns buried in the excavation pit, and the pit is small, the column is thin, and the base plate is thin. There is no obvious law in their distribution, and the building units and layout structure are not clear.

The south part is low-lying, and the distribution of wooden columns is very dense, just like an ancient forest. Most of the columns are thick, with a diameter of more than 20 cm, and the maximum is 80 cm. Moreover, they have deep pits and thick base plates. In some wide and key pits, a thick main column is often planted in the middle, and several thin protective columns are set around them, some of them may be small In addition, the position of some columns and base plates often deviate from each other, and the base plates incline seriously. Among them, some base plates are completely overturned and almost parallel to the columns. Thus we can see the particularity of the geological conditions of the building in this area: the alluvial sand layer and silted soil layer (soft soil foundation) at the foot of the coastal hills; there are a small number of small wooden piles in some parts. The distribution of about 80 columns in the South can be roughly divided into three relatively independent building units. Among them, F1 is located in the southwest, with a north-south rectangular plane, and its longitudinal axis is parallel to the direction of the hillside. Its four sides are composed of 12 clusters of columns, each cluster has column pits and base plates, and the corner columns are particularly thick; there are 5 clusters in the East and West, and 3 clusters in the north and south, almost completely symmetrical, 8 meters long and 6 meters wide, The total area is about 50 square meters. The rest of F2 and F3 are similar to F1, but not complete. In particular, in addition to so many column pits and columns, no horizontal floor, beam and other wood components were found. However, according to the analysis of the architectural environment, the elevation of the construction ground, the location, the building plane form, and the size of the materials, it is more likely that the nature of this architectural relic belongs to the barrier building. Because the stratum broken by Zhukeng contains primitive porcelain and printed hard pottery pieces with the characteristics of the spring and Autumn period, the upper limit of the age of these architectural relics is the spring and Autumn period, and the lower limit is the Warring States period. In order to preserve them as long as possible under the existing conditions, the lower part of the deposit in the South has not been fully excavated, but only a small area of exploration has been made in the gap of the relic.

content

Sanhetan site is located in Nanshan village, Chengguan Town, Yuhuan, in sanhetan valley basin surrounded by mountains on three sides. Covering an area of about 21 square kilometers, Neolithic objects and a large number of cultural relics from the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the spring and Autumn period, the Warring States period, the Han and Tang Dynasties were successively unearthed in the 1980s.

first floor

The site can be divided into three cultural layers. The first layer is during the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. At a depth of 50 cm from the surface, there is a layer of black soil with a thickness of about 20 cm and an area of 4 square kilometers. The stones, sand and soil are all black. According to the literature, it was formed during the Qin and Han Dynasties when the seaweed debris was brought into the southeast coast by the extraordinary flood. The cultural relics unearthed below the black layer zone belong to the spring and autumn and Warring States periods. The bronzes include swords, spears, knives, arrowheads, spears, spears, etc.; the hard pottery with printed patterns includes bowls, pots, pots, bottles, plates and fragments. There are mainly four kinds of patterns: reticulate pattern, rice pattern, square pattern and Hui pattern.

The second floor

The second layer of artifacts unearthed from sanhetan site is the Western Zhou Dynasty and Shang Dynasty. A large number of original surface porcelains were unearthed in the limestone soil layer 4 to 5 meters away from the earth's surface. The raw materials were loose and the glaze was not applied to the bottom, but the fire was high, the texture was hard and vitrified. There are bowl, bean, plate, bowl and so on. The main decorative patterns are s pattern, oblique grate pattern and needle pattern. The S-shape is the Dragon Figure, the oblique grate pattern represents the rain line, and the needle dot pattern represents the raindrop. It is confirmed that it is the dragon totem of southeast Yue nationality, and a large number of rice, pottery and stone millstones are also found. In the stone tools, there are full width plows, molds, stone axes, stone axes, stone chisels, stone nets, etc., all of which are finely ground. The shape of the tools is larger and longer than that of Xiatang culture. The regular arrangement of mortise and tenon structure bar column building components found on this floor have high scientific value for the study of architecture in Shang and Zhou dynasties.

The third layer is Neolithic age. Unearthed stone tools include plough, axe, chisel, knife, hoe, etc.; pottery includes spinning wheel, net pendant, etc.

The third layer

Among the cultural relics unearthed from the site, the largest quantity of bronzes is found, with many varieties. The tools for production include bronze axes, Jin, chisels, tongs, tongs, and shops; the weapons include swords, spears, and arrowheads; and the fishing gear includes fishing, stings, and hooks. It has a high level of casting technology, fine workmanship and simple decoration. Except for Taotie pattern on the copper sword, the rest are plain.

The site lasts for more than 1800 years. It is a rare multi-layer cultural site in the southeast coastal islands 3000-4000 years ago. It is a typical representative of the prehistoric culture of China's coastal islands. one

Chinese PinYin : San He Tan Wen Hua Yi Zhi