Selinco

Selinco

Selingcuo is the largest salt lake in Tibet at present. It is located at the junction of Shenzha, NIMA, bange and Shuanghu counties. It is the largest lake in Tibet and the second largest saline lake in China. It is a large deep-water lake formed during the formation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.

Region introduction

Selin is a great devil who used to live in duilongdeqing, west of Lhasa. He greedily devours thousands of creatures every day, including human beings and all animals. No one can do anything about his power. On a good day after a thunderstorm, master lianhuasheng, who had been conquering demons and Demons all the way, finally found Selin. With master lianhuasheng's pursuit, Selin fled to the vast and turbid lake to the south of gangniqiangtang. The master ordered Selin never to leave the lake and repent devoutly in the lake. He also called the lake "Selin duichuo", which means "Selin devil Lake".

The lake is 4530 meters above sea level, 72 kilometers long from east to west and 22.8 kilometers wide on average. The lake is the largest inland lake system in Tibet, with 40 kilometers wide in the East and 2391 square kilometers of water area. There are many rivers and lakes connected with each other in the basin, forming a closed inland lake group. In addition to selingcuo, there are 23 satellite lakes, such as Grenco, wurucuo and rencuogongma. Every summer, the lakeside scenery is unique, and there are all kinds of migratory birds on the small island in the lake.

physical geography

Selinco is located at the junction of Shenzha, Bangor and NIMA counties in Tibet Autonomous Region, at the north foot of Gangdese mountain and north of Shenzha County, between 88 ° 33 ′ - 89 ° 21 ′ E and 31 ° 34 ′ - 31 ° 51 ′ n. The lake is 4530m above sea level and irregular in shape. Its long axis extends from east to west with a length of 77.7km, a maximum width of 45.5km and an average width of 20.95km, covering an area of 1893630 hectares.

Formation and evolution

Selenco and bangoco lake basins are Cenozoic fault basins developed by Quaternary succession and activation on the basis of bange fault basin which began to develop at the beginning of Cenozoic Paleogene. The long axis of the basin is close to EW direction, and neotectonics developed in the north and South margins of the basin, which uplifted with the overall uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Due to the difference of local uplift, the lake is divided into several parts, and the modern distribution pattern of lakes is gradually formed.

Before the late Late Pleistocene, selenco and bangoco were united Great Lakes with a long axis of east-west direction. In the late Pleistocene, they were divided into two lakes, which were distributed in east-west direction. There was still a narrow channel in EW direction between them.

Climatic characteristics

The basin belongs to the semi-arid monsoon climate zone of plateau frigid zone, with strong solar radiation, long sunshine time, cold winter and spring, cool summer and autumn, and distinct dry and wet seasons. The annual sunshine hours are 2910 ~ 2970h, the annual precipitation is 290 ~ 321mm, the annual average temperature is 0.8 ~ 1.0 ℃, the annual average maximum temperature is 5.5 ~ 6.9 ℃, the annual average minimum temperature is - 6.6 ~ 6.0 ℃, and the annual gale days are 103 ~ 132d, among which the maximum gale days in Shenzha is 191d, which occurred in 1984.

From 1961 to 2012, the annual average temperature in selinco basin increased significantly at the rate of 0.40 ℃ / 10A (P < 0.01), in which the heating rate of Bangor was the highest, reaching 0.51 ℃ / 10A; the heating rate of Shenzha was 0.29 ℃ / 10A. The annual precipitation of Shenzha and Bangor showed a significant increasing trend, with an average increase of 19.71mm and 19.56mm every 10 years, respectively (P < 0.01). In recent 30 years (1981-2012), the annual average temperature warming rate was 0.45 ℃ / 10A, and the annual precipitation increased significantly, which was 32.69mm, especially in Shenzha, which was 45.65mm (P < 0.001).

Lake water system

There are many rivers and lakes in the basin, forming an inland lake group. The basin area is 45530km2, ranking first in the inland water system of Tibet. The main rivers into the lake are zhaga Zangbu, zhagan Zangbu, Boqu Zangbu, etc., which all flow in from the southeast.

With a total length of 409km, zajiazangbo is the longest inland river in Tibet. It originates from Tanggula Mountain and enters the lake on the North Bank of selinco. The upper part is about 80 km long in east-west direction, which is a wide valley basin with developed moraines; the middle part is about 170 km long with alternating wide and narrow valleys; the lower part is 230 km long with developed swamps near selinco. The zhajazangbu river basin covers an area of 1667500 square kilometers. The river water is mainly supplied by ice and snow melt water.

Boqu Zangbu originated from baburi snow mountain (5654m).

Zangbu originated in the snow mountain of Jiagang (6444m).

environmental problems

Lake enlargement

The surface area of selinco lake was 1666.96km2 in 1976, 1722.39km2 in 1990 and 1798.95km2 in 1999. From 1976 to 1990, the lake area increased by 55.43 km2, with an increase rate of 3.32%. In the next period of 1990-1999, the lake area increased by 76.56 km2, with an increase rate of 4.44%. In the above two periods, the average annual growth rate of Lake area is 3.96 km2 / A and 8.51 km2 / a respectively. From 1999 to 2007, the growth rate of Lake area increased significantly. The lake area increased from 1798.95km2 to 2287.63km2, with an increase of 488.68km2 and an average annual growth rate of 61.09km2/a. After 2007, the growth rate of the lake area returned to stable. As of November 2009, the lake area only increased by 35.97 km2, with an annual growth rate of 18 km2 / A. From 1976 to 2009, the surface area of selinco Lake expanded by 656.64km2, with an increase rate of 39.39%. The increment of lake surface area in recent 10 years is nearly four times of that in the previous 24 years. Remote sensing images show that during 2003-2005, due to the rising water level, the lake surface in the south of selinco connected with yagedonco in changdugang area, and gradually expanded to the southwest Bank of yagedonco in the following time.

The water area of selinco Lake increases, which causes a series of adverse consequences. For example, the lush pasture growing in the low lakeshore zone was flooded, and the herdsmen near the lake area had to evacuate. With the growth of the lake area, it may be connected with bengzecuo and najiangcuo in the north and banguocuo in the East, which will affect the normal traffic of the Dabei line from Lhasa Anduo county to Ali area.

Introduction to scenic spots

Selinco black necked Crane National Nature Reserve in Tibet

Selinco black necked Crane National Nature Reserve in Tibet is located in the North Tibet Plateau in the northwest of Tibet Autonomous Region. Its geographical coordinates are 87 ° 46 ′～ 91 ° 48 ′ E and 30 ° 10 ′～ 32 ° 10 ′ n. It is a wildlife type nature reserve. The total area of the reserve is 2032380 hectares, including 812570 hectares of core area, 1124610 hectares of buffer area and 95200 hectares of experimental area. Selinco black necked Crane Nature Reserve was established in 1993 and promoted to National Nature Reserve in 2003.

Traffic information

If you want to go, you need to take a bus to Yuezhu County along the Northern Line of Ali da. You can see selinco on the road from Yuezhu to Shenzha or NIMA. The road is more than ten kilometers away from the lake, but it is difficult to get close to it, because there are many marshes near the lake, so you need to pay attention to safety.

Address: Shenzha county and bange County, Tibet Autonomous Region

Longitude: 89.12971496582

Latitude: 31.5583682861

Ticket information: free.

Chinese PinYin : Se Lin Cuo