Academy gate

What Xi'an people usually call "academy gate" refers to a pedestrian street from the forest of steles to the gate of Guanzhong Academy. From the south of Xi'an bell tower to the east of the south gate, there is the ancient culture street of Shuyuan gate. There is a tall archway with ancient charm at the entrance of the street. Above the archway are the three gold faced characters of "Shuyuan gate". On both sides are the eye-catching couplets of "the forest of Steles collects national treasures, and the Academy cultivates talents". On both sides of the street are the same color of antique buildings, and the street is paved with bluestone. Here we can experience the different urban landscape of Xi'an from other places. At the end of the gate of the academy is the forest of steles.

Academy gate

Xi'an people usually say "academy gate" refers to a pedestrian street from the forest of steles to the gate of Guanzhong Academy. The name of academy gate originates from Guanzhong Academy in it.

The gate of the academy is located in the east of the south gate, reaching Anju Lane in the East and connecting with Sanxue Street. In the 20th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1592), Feng Congwu, a scholar from Chang'an County, resigned from his official post to give lectures in Baoqing temple. Later, a new site was set up, and Guanzhong Academy was set up in the north of the street, with thousands of students. Later, forced by the eunuch party, the Academy was destroyed and Feng Congwu died after sitting here for 200 days. In the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, large-scale construction was carried out. Now it is Xi'an normal school. The site is well preserved. This street got its name because it was in front of the Academy. Yu Youren once lived on the 32nd. There is Tang Baoqing Temple Pagoda in the West. In 1991, the street was renovated to retain the style of Ming and Qing Dynasties and was built as a cultural tourism street.

Brief introduction to the Academy

Guanzhong Academy was the highest institution of learning in Shaanxi in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was also one of the four famous academies in China (the other three were Yuelu Academy in Hunan, Bailudong Academy in Jiangxi and Suiyang Academy in Henan), and the top four academies in Northwest China. According to legend, Feng Congwu, Minister of the Ministry of industry in the Ming Dynasty, wrote to the emperor, saying that the emperor was "addicted to wine and sex and neglected in the imperial government", but was dismissed and returned home. Since then, Feng Congwu devoted himself to the study of Yi Li and gave lectures in Baoqing temple. Later, he and Wang keshou, the then chief executive of Shaanxi Province, had a "joint lecture". There were thousands of people who came to listen to the lecture. The chief executive of Chang'an government ordered to set aside a piece of land in the temple to build "Guanzhong academy". Later, to the East, Chang'an County school, Xi'an Fu school and Confucian Temple (where the forest of Steles is now located) were successively built, forming a cultural street.

Soon after the completion of Guanzhong academy, Wei Zhongxian destroyed Donglin Academy, and Guanzhong Academy was also affected. During the reign of emperor Xizong, Guanzhong Academy was ordered to be demolished. In the third year of Kangxi, Guanzhong Academy was rebuilt. In Guangxu period, it was rebuilt into Shaanxi Normal University and became the highest institution in the five northwest provinces at that time. During the period of the Republic of China, it was changed into a provincial normal school until liberation. Inside the Guanzhong academy are Shaanxi Normal School and its affiliated primary schools.

Historical evolution

the ming dynasty

The place name of the Academy originated from the Guanzhong Academy in it. Guanzhong Academy was the highest institution of learning in Shaanxi Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was also one of the four famous academies in China and the top of the four academies in Northwest China. It was Feng Congwu, the Minister of the Ministry of industry of the Ming Dynasty, who wrote to the emperor that the emperor was "addicted to wine and sex and neglected in the government". As a result, he was dismissed and returned home. Then he devoted himself to studying Yi Li and gave lectures in Baoqing Temple. Later, Wang keshou, the chief executive of Shaanxi Province at that time, was invited to attend a "joint lecture". Thousands of people came to listen to the lecture, so an academy, Guanzhong academy, was built in that place.

Feng Congwu took an active part in the political struggle at that time and became the leader of Donglin Party in Northwest China. And set up academies here, take the second as the position, take "the integration of heaven and earth as the measure, advance and retreat meticulously as the ethos" as the purpose of running the school. Chinese Academy of classical learning began in the early Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Southern Song Dynasty, but in the history of Chinese culture, Donglin Academy bloomed and reflected its unique brilliance. Guanzhong academy is the flicker of its light and shadow here. The well-known couplet: "the sound of wind, rain, reading, the sound of sound, the state affairs, family affairs, world affairs, everything care" still flickers here. At that time, a group of cultural people started their cultural expedition here. It was not a "poetry, wine and Literature Club" for the old and the young, an ivory tower for empty talk about heart and soul, or a place for seeking fame and fortune. It used to be a sacred altar for a group of cultural and bloody men, where they satirized the government, discretionary figures, and the malpractices of the times, and cried out for a clear sky in the wind and rain. They are practical and independent. The study of practical learning in Ming and Qing Dynasties is the first of its kind. However, they always keep in mind the affairs of their country and the world. There is a strong sense of hardship behind the letters, which makes people feel excited. Walking in this antique street, maybe the land under your feet is the place where the great sages of the past passed by, and the sun and moon shining on them are still shining here. "Rivers and mountains are metabolized, and they come and go from ancient to modern.". Not long after the completion of Guanzhong academy, Wei Zhongxian destroyed a group of scholars in Donglin Academy. By the way, he cleaned up Guanzhong academy, and Feng Congwu was also involved. Then, with an imperial edict, Xizong demolished the Guanzhong Academy.

Qing Dynasty

In the third year of Kangxi, Guanzhong Academy was rebuilt.

In 1906, Guanzhong Academy was transformed into Shaanxi Normal University. At that time, it became the highest institution in the five northwest provinces. In the Republic of China, it was changed into a provincial normal school. Until liberation, it became Xi'an normal school and attached primary school.

In Guanzhong area, all the imperial examinations after Ming Dynasty were held here. The examinees boarded in this street and reviewed their lessons.

The Republic of China

Before liberation, after hundreds of years of wind, frost, rain and snow, the wine shops, teahouses and shops on both sides of the Academy had disappeared. The buildings are dilapidated and the streets are old, which is not commensurate with the nearby Beilin Museum.

Today's Academy gate

In August 1990, Beilin District government began to carry out large-scale transformation of the Academy gate. In June 1991, the main project of Shuyuan gate was basically completed. In October of that year, this ancient culture street took on a new look. After the transformation, the gate of the academy has restored the cultural color of the past, and the heavy and powerful Yan style street name has integrated the memorial archway in the west of the street with the buildings in the street. Therefore, the couplet "the forest of Steles contains national treasures, and the Academy cultivates talents" is worthy of the name. In the past, Guanzhong academy is now the "Xi'an normal school". In order to win the title, many students in those years worked hard here. They left their study, school, fame, and diligent spirit. Today's generation of new people start from here, and then continue to teach the great cause of educating people, and then as students, and then as gardeners.

Main attractions

Guanzhong Academy

"Guanzhong academy" is the highest institution of learning in Shaanxi in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is also one of the four famous academies in China and the top of the four academies in Northwest China. There are six "Yunzhi hall" in the middle, four rooms in the left and right south, six rooms in the East and six rooms in the West. There are rockeries behind the hall, "three peaks towering green" and "just like a small Huayue" (Guanzhong academy is Xi'an University of Arts and science, so visitors are not allowed to visit it.)

Memorial Hall of Yu Youren's former residence

Yu Youren once lived in No. 32, and now the memorial hall of Yu Youren's former residence has been built.

Yu Youren, whose name is Bo Xun and the character is you Ren, was born in Jingyang, Shaanxi Province. He was born in Sanyuan, Xianyang in 1879. He is a veteran of the Kuomintang, a democratic revolutionist and a famous poet. He is also a master of calligraphy. He is known as the "Contemporary sage of grass". Chairman Mao Zedong once recognized Yu Youren as a calligraphy teacher. All his life, he loved the motherland, the people and his hometown. He promoted water conservancy, built farms, ran schools, and protected the national cultural heritage. He was highly respected at home and abroad. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he failed to return to the mainland from Taiwan. After his death, he was buried in Taiwan

Baoqing Temple Pagoda

Located in the north of the Academy gate in the South Gate of Xi'an, Baoqing temple was built in Renshou (601-604) of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. It was originally located in anrenfang, Daxing city of Sui Dynasty. In Tang Wenzong's time, five colored bricks were used as pagodas in the temple, so Baoqing temple is also called Huata temple. In the Five Dynasties, the temple was destroyed by fire, but the tower survived. In 1451, the temple was built on the site. From 1573 to 1620, Feng Congwu gave lectures here. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), the monk Wentian rebuilt the temple. The pagoda of Baoqing temple is about 23 meters high, seven stories, with a hexagonal plane. There are stone Buddha statues from the Wei, Sui and Tang Dynasties. The existing stele was rebuilt in 1451. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the government renovated the pagoda of Baoqing temple, which is a key protection unit in Shaanxi Province.

Academy structure

National treasures are collected in the forest of Steles, and outstanding talents are cultivated in the Academy

From the south of Xi'an bell tower to the east of the south gate, you can see the ancient culture street of Shuyuan gate. There is a tall archway with full ancient charm at the entrance of the street. Above the archway are three golden characters of "Shuyuan gate", and on both sides are eye-catching couplets of "national treasures are collected in the forest of Steles, and the Academy cultivates outstanding people". From this couplet, you can smell the cultural weight of Xi'an. There is a museum of the forest of Steles nearby; there is a museum "Guanzhong academy" of teaching and educating people. On both sides of the street are antique buildings, and the streets are paved with bluestone. The forest of Steles, which has been thriving for thousands of years, is both ancient and poetic. The steles are like strings on the Guqin. There are exquisite inscriptions carved on the top, just like the notes on the Guqin. Walking in the gate of the Academy, it's like walking close to the mountains and rivers, far away from the bustle of the city; close to the strange stones and ancient trees, far away from the dust; close to the Zhongding Yi ware painting and calligraphy antiques, far away from the secular. This square city is elegant, rich in natural resources, and ancient people often linger on it. The full name of the Academy gate is an antique street. Although there are scars, it is also outstanding in today's market.

Architectural planning of Shuyuan gate

Chinese PinYin : Shu Yuan Men