Guashan

Guashan

Gua mountain is located 3 kilometers north of Jiaocheng County. It is named after the appearance of its peaks. It is located at the eastern foot of Jiaocheng in Luliang, Shanxi Province, about 67 kilometers away from Taiyuan. The pine and cypress trees in the mountain are various and evergreen all the year round. There are many mysterious folklores. They are regarded as natural Taoist temples by Taoists and have profound cultural heritage. There are Tianning Temple, cast iron stele, Pilu Pavilion, Tang Huai and other scenic spots founded in the first year of Tang Zhenguan (627). It is a Sanjin tourist attraction integrating natural scenery and Millennium ancient temple. Mi Fu, a calligrapher and painter in Song Dynasty, ranked it among the three mountains and five mountains, and praised it as "the first mountain".

In February 2020, novel coronavirus pneumonia was widely opened to medical practitioners. The area was open to health care professionals from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2020.

Basic introduction

Gua mountain is named because its shape is similar to eight trigrams. Here, eight peaks are towering, mountains are overlapping, and ancient cypresses are towering. The ancient cypress is one of the wonders of Gua mountain. Its tree shape is strange, interesting and unique. Guashan is a tourist attraction in Shanxi Province, which integrates natural scenery and ancient temples. As early as the Tang Dynasty, it was famous for its mountain like hexagrams, towering ancient cypresses, towering temples and Huayan Daochang. Mi Fu, a calligrapher and painter in Song Dynasty, ranked it among the three mountains and five mountains, and praised it as "the first mountain". In the Qing Dynasty, some people once listed "pine of Huangshan Mountain, cypress of guashan mountain and bamboo of yunqi" as the wonders of Chinese trees. Guashan ancient cypresses are rooted in cliffs and rocks. They have different postures, such as dragon catching cypresses, ox head cypresses, LIANLI cypresses and Wenwu cypresses. They are lifelike and full of interest. There are many mysterious and wonderful myths and legends handed down from ancient times to the present. There is a natural karst cave in Longtang temple, which is rare in the north. Tianning Temple, an ancient building built in the Tang Dynasty, has an ancient flavor and is thought-provoking.

Construction time

Tianning Temple was founded in 627, the first year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty. It is the earliest and largest Buddhist temple in guashan. It is said that the first ancestor of Huayan sect of Chinese Buddhism, fashun (also known as Dushun) (557-640), once built a temple by preaching scriptures in this mountain, and became the grand temple of Huayan sect of Tang Dynasty because of the donation and expansion of Taiyuan Festival envoy Li Shuo and his wife.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the temple of Notre Dame, guashan academy, Zhugong temple, etc. were added, and the halls and pavilions were row upon row, becoming a large-scale ancient architectural complex. Gua mountain has many peaks, many peaks and ancient cypresses, which set off the elegant style of Gu Ning temple. It was founded in 632 A.D. in the sixth year of Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty. After expansion and renovation, most of the existing buildings are inherited from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are ancient Tang steles, Ming iron steles and rebuilt steles in the two corridors of the mountain gate. The calligraphy is either vigorous and straight, or full and steady, with deep skill.

Tianning Temple in guashan is a key cultural relic protection unit, patriotism education base and moral education base in Shanxi Province. Every new year's Eve, people near Jiaocheng will come to listen to the bell of zero in the temple. When the loud bell is accompanied by the sound of the wind passing through the pines, people who come here early will burn the first incense of the new year one after another, and pray for the happiness and safety of the whole family in the new year. On the first day of the lunar new year, Tianning Temple is open all day to welcome believers and tourists from all over the world. There is an endless stream of people running up and down the mountain.

Folklore

On the east mountain top of Tianning Temple, there is a very solemn and quiet place. There are many tombs here. It is the resting place for the eminent monks of guashan after their death. From a distant view, you can see a panoramic view of the whole Gua mountain. The pines and cypresses all over the Gua mountain are twisted in trunk, leaning south, and all the trees are the same. Why are there so many pines and cypresses here so magical? Here is a moving legend: It is said that the God of heaven gave a cornucopia to a shepherd boy who worked hard all the year round. However, the greedy rich man learned that he wanted to take it as his own. The shepherd boy was afraid that the cornucopia would fall into the hands of the rich man and harm the people, so he buried it in the Gua mountain and marked it with a twisted tree trunk. However, the greedy rich man knew the news and decided to go into the mountain to steal treasure the next day Yes, overnight, the trunks of the ancient cypresses were all twisted, and the leaves pointed to the south. It was difficult for the rich man to distinguish the true from the false, so he had to go home bitterly. Since then, the twisted pines and cypresses all over the mountains have become "a unique divination mountain".

Ancient cypress resources

Guashan ancient cypresses are in various forms. Careful people can observe that the distortions of ancient cypresses all point to the same direction. These ancient cypresses are known as "a unique Gua mountain".

Seven Star cypress

The main pole is divided into 5 branches, like raising hands to welcome guests. Because there are 7 holes on the main stem, it is called "Seven Star cypress".

Cupressus cuspidata

There is a tumor ball on the tree trunk, which looks like a tiger's head overlooking the tourists, so it is named.

Cupressus chinensis

The root of the tree is 1.07 meters in circumference. The root of the tree is exposed in the southwest. It looks like a cow's head. Its two corners are curved. Its facade is broad and flat. Its eyes are slightly open. Its head is round, plump and hairy. It is charming to be at ease.

Sabina vulgaris

The trunk of the tree is 7 meters long, with 3 branches straight up in the shape of umbrellas. The main trunk is 2.1 meters away from the ground, and the hydrangea looks like a fungus ball. There is Hydrangea blooming under the crown, and there is an umbrella shaped crown on the hydrangea, which is called "Hydrangea cypress".

Juniperus japonicus

It is named for its bare roots. The trunk is 2 meters away from the ground. There are five bare main roots, like the claws of a dragon, firmly climbing on the ground.

Sabina vulgaris

It looks like a withered tree without skin, with branches at the top and leaves still growing. Main: in the bald, out of the ground that is horizontal counter clockwise rotation, twist pattern impressively, a twist to the top, shaped like a steel whip, upright.

Scenery introduction

Gua mountain is a branch of Luliang Mountain, where eight peaks stand up, so it is named because the shape of the mountain is similar to "eight trigrams". There are Tianning Temple, Academy, Zhugong temple, Guandi temple, three churches and Wenxing Pavilion on the mountain. There are many ancient buildings, such as overlapping peaks, towering ancient cypresses, Tianning Temple and guashan ancient cypresses, which attract many tourists at home and abroad every year.

Tianning Temple

On the way up the mountain along the mountain road, there is a small pavilion with exquisite shape, unique, simple and elegant color. It is called "Huancui Pavilion" in ancient times and "Bandao Pavilion" in common. It is a place for tourists to have a rest. Along the road into the mountain, you can see the ancient temple Tianning Temple in guashan. Tianning Temple was founded in the first year of Zhenguan (627) of Tang Dynasty. It was the first to dig the stone Buddha Hall. It is said that the Indian monk "master Huayan" preached here. In the second year of Zhenyuan (786), Hedong Jiedu envoy Li Shuo and his wife donated a lot of money to expand Tianning Temple, making it a famous Huayan Temple for thousands of years.

Tianning Temple

It has been built in the past dynasties, and most of the existing temples have been built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In Tianning Temple, the front, back and middle courtyards are arranged from low to high. In the front yard, there are East chamber, west chamber and Thousand Buddha Pavilion. Qianfo pavilion was built in the center of the courtyard. It was constructed in Song Dynasty, rebuilt in Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Qing Dynasty. In Tianning Temple, there are iron bells, iron steles and stone steles of Ming Dynasty, as well as steles of reconstruction of Tianning Temple in Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In 1977, when Zhao Puchu visited guashan, he wrote in his own handwriting that "the color of Dai is towering, there are many ancient cypresses, and the buildings and pavilions are majestic", which adds color to Tianning Temple in guashan.

Pilu Pavilion is the highest triple eaves Pavilion in the temple. Looking down from the pavilion, you can see the Tibetan hall, the Sutra library, the guashan academy, the Zhugong temple and the Niangniang Temple in the courtyard. The moon gate is deep, and the bells are jingling. You can see the Fenhe Bay and Jinyang River. The Fenshui River is like a belt, and the fertile land is like a beautiful picture.

As soon as you enter the gate of Tianning Temple, there is a horizontal plaque of "the first mountain" written by Mi Fu, a great calligrapher of the Song Dynasty, under the purlin of the gate. The handwriting is vigorous and powerful. It is written in a couplet that "the image of the ridge is the highest, the position of the mountain represents the degree of yin and Yang; the Buddha is the most wonderful, and the four truths are broken. It is a high generalization of the scenic spots and historic sites of guashan. In the two corridors are ancient Tang steles, Ming iron steles, and rebuilt steles. Among them, the iron stele of Ming Dynasty, the body and base of the stele are integrated. This kind of stele, which is cast together with the base of the stele, is very rare in the history of China's stele. Its inscriptions are either vigorous and straight, or full and steady, with deep skills, which are rare treasures in the stele.

Over the mountain gate, the front is the thousand Buddha Pavilion, two stories high. Inside the pavilion are three iron Buddhas cast in the Yuan Dynasty, six meters high. Next to each statue, there are six iron monks, about two meters high. There are two wooden pavilions on the four walls of the thousand Buddha Pavilion. It turns out that there are different styles and exquisite workmanship in each pavilion, one sitting Buddha in large and one in small. The big one is like an adult, and the small one is not full of feet. Unfortunately, it has been destroyed for a long time.

Through the "dragon, cloud and tiger wind" cave of Thousand Buddhas, you enter the central courtyard. The central courtyard is open and broad. On the North platform, there are a pair of Pavilion style glass fumigation furnaces. The eight trigrams stone in the middle is carved with dark eight immortals around it. It is a masterpiece of craftsmen's imagination. The front is the Great Buddha Hall. On the plaque on the front of the Great Buddha Hall, the four characters of "the sect of Buddhism" are glittering, vigorous and graceful. The octagonal stone eaves column in front of the hall is the concrete expression of the rugged and majestic style of the ancient buildings in the north. The base of the column is green lion, white elephant and Shoutian. The carving is exquisite and exquisite.

The building next to the main hall is called "Xutang". It has five ridges and six beasts. It is magnificent. On the right side of Xutang is a Ming Dynasty iron bell, whose sound can reach dozens of miles away. Around the hall along the stone steps, you can reach Pilu Pavilion, which is the highest building of Tianning Temple. It was rebuilt in 1708. Double eaves rest on the top of the mountain, the pavilion is three bright and two dark floors, and the lower floor

Chinese PinYin : Gua Shan