Chagan Lake

Chagan Lake

Chagan Lake, formerly known as chaganpao and Hanhe, is called "chagannaoer" in Mongolian, which means white and holy lake. Most of it is located in qiangoluosi Mongolian Autonomous County in the northwest of Jilin Province

It is adjacent to Qian'an County in the West and Da'an City in the north. Generally, the largest lake has a surface area of 307 square kilometers and a winding coastline with a circumference of 104.5 kilometers. When the water storage elevation is 130 meters, the water surface area is 345 square kilometers. It is the largest natural lake in Jilin Province, storing more than 600 million cubic meters of water.

Chagan Lake is rich in various resources. In particular, fishery resources are abundant. Since the Liao and Jin Dynasties, emperors of all dynasties have visited Chagan Lake to "patrol" and "fish and hunt" and held "head fish banquet" and "head goose banquet". From the Yuan Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, this area was dotted with rivers, marshes, silverfish, water plants, geese and ducks. The forest along the coast is dense, the grass in the fields is luxuriant, and the scenery is picturesque. It was a fishing and hunting place for emperors of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. On August 1, 2007, Chagan Lake was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council. The fishing and hunting culture marked by winter fishing in Chagan Lake has also become one of its cultural heritages.

Location context

Chagan Lake is located in the northwest of Jilin Province, in the golden triangle of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province, at the end of Huolin River, at the same time, it is the intersection of Songhua River, Songhua Jiangnan source and Nenjiang River, and the overlap of Northeast Plain, Songnen Plain and Horqin grassland. Chagan Lake looks like a pig's belly, and its surface is long and narrow, extending from southeast to northwest for a long time.

The main body is in Qianguo County, adjacent to Qian'an County in the west, Da'an City in the north, Tumen Wulanhaote highway and Changchun Baicheng railway in the East.

It is surrounded by menggutun, balang and Changshan in Qianguo County in the East, South and North, bordering Qian'an County in the southwest and Da'an City in the northwest.

Name evolution

Chagan Lake was called "Dashuibo" and "dayubao" in song and Liao dynasties. It is recorded in Wuhu jingzongyao edited by Zeng Gongliang in Northern Song Dynasty that "Dashuibo is 300 Li around". Liao Taizu (916) after the founding of the people's Republic of China, called it "duck Lok", is the land of Qidan aristocratic fish hunting.

Chagan Lake in the Ming Dynasty was called "baibulchahan Dabo". Later known as chaganpao, Hanhe, 1983 (a talk, 1984)

）Jilin Province place name census, officially renamed chaganhu, Mongolian Chagannur, meaning White Lake.

hydrographic features

Chagan Lake is the largest natural lake in Jilin Province, with an elevation of 126 meters, a maximum water surface of 307 square kilometers, a water depth of 4 meters, a perimeter of 104.5 kilometers, a maximum storage capacity of 415 million cubic meters, a length of 38 kilometers from east to west and a width of 14 kilometers from north to south. In 1960, the flood of Taoer River entered Chagan Lake, and the surface of Chagan Lake reached xinmiaoxi, which is now the first-class highway

. Since 1962, reservoirs such as hangali, Xinglong and Shengli have been built successively in the upper reaches of Huolin River, which have been blocked layer by layer. The amount of water flowing into the lake has decreased or even stopped, the water surface has shrunk, and the pH value has increased. By 1972, the water surface of the lake had shrunk to more than 50 square kilometers, and the pH value had risen from 8.5 to 12.81. In 974, the lake had dried up, and the alkaline soil at the bottom of the lake was flying. There were more than 70000 mu of cultivated land around, and more than 80000 mu of grassland was damaged by alkali.

1976 (1980)

）In the beginning, a 54 km diversion project from Xibotun on the left bank of Songhua River to Chagan Lake was excavated. The designed water carrying capacity of the diversion canal was 85 m3 / s. The new temple bubble was sent to Chagan Lake to connect the Xindian bubble. The three bubbles were connected into one, and the water surface of Chagan Lake was expanded year by year. The total water surface of the three lakes is 375 square kilometers, the total water storage is 598 million cubic meters, and the total water area is 403 square kilometers. In 1985, 450 million cubic meters of water had been stored, and by the end of 1985, the water level had basically returned to 130 meters

. The pH value of Songhua River water was 6.97 through the water diversion project. After entering the lake, it was desalinated to 8.8 in 1985. The water quality of the lake was improved from grade 5 to grade 3. The fish production was 500000 tons in 1981 and 5.59 million tons in 1985. The degraded reed has been revived since 1981.

In 1983, Xinli oil production plant of Jilin Oilfield drilled oil at the bottom of Chagan Lake and built a 9.8km long dam from Aobaoshan (i.e. guojiawazi after difangfangtun) to shijiazitun, cutting off 200000 mu of Chagan Lake. In 1986, the flood of Huolin River and Tao'er River entered Chagan Lake. The highest water level of Chagan Lake was 131.23 meters, and the flood lasted for a winter and spring in Chagan Lake. In 1998, the Huolin River and Nenjiang River experienced the worst flood in a hundred years. The water level of Chagan Lake once rose to 132.02 meters, which is the highest water level ever recorded in history. In January 2003, Chagan Lake Tourism and economic development zone built a new 9.3km long dam in the southeast oil field dam of Chagan Lake to separate the water of Chagan Lake and establish a ten thousand mu fish pond breeding base. So far, the surface of Chagan Lake has been reduced by 10.38km2. According to the interpretation and analysis of TM image (US satellite TV) data on September 10, 2003, Chagan Lake covers an area of 370 square kilometers (including xindianpao). From 1999 to 2007, the water level of Chagan Lake remained basically stable. During the period of open water, the water level was 130-130.25m, supplemented by the discharge of Qianguo irrigation area and surface runoff. In winter, there was no water supply. In addition to evaporation and infiltration, the water level was 130-129.7m.

According to the entry of "China River and lake canon", Chagan Lake is 37 kilometers long and 17 kilometers wide, with a surface area of 228.5 square kilometers. The lake has a winding coastline of 128 kilometers, with a storage capacity of 589 million cubic meters, an average water depth of 2.5 meters and a maximum depth of 6 meters. When the water level of Chagan Lake is 130 meters, it is integrated with xindianpao and mayingpao, and its sister PAOs are xinmiaopu and kulibao. The water surface area of xinmiaobao is 31 square kilometers, and the water level is 130.5 meters. Located on the southeast Bank of Chagan Lake, 1.25 km away, it is connected by Yinsong canal, and the water level between the lake and the bubble is controlled by the tail sluice. When the water level of kulibao is 129 meters, the water surface area is 14 square kilometers. It is connected by Chagan Lake sluice and overflow weir, with a distance of 7 km. Chagan Lake and two sister bubbles are connected end to end, with different elevations and well arranged, with a total area of 420 square kilometers.

Geomorphological features

Chagan Lake landform is characterized by low flat, microwave undulation, high in southeast, slightly high in southwest, low in central and northeast. Chagan Lake dongchuantou, xichuantou, Qingshantou area is higher, 140 ~ 160 meters. In the vicinity of Chagan Lake, the terrain is low-lying, and there are secondary river valley terraces beside the lake. The water levels of several large lake bubbles are different, and there are also some sand dunes with relative height less than 5 meters. According to the genesis and morphological characteristics, the region can be divided into alluvial lacustrine plain and valley alluvial plain. Alluvial lacustrine plain is distributed in the low-lying areas of Chagan Lake area, and valley alluvial plain is distributed in Huolin River Valley and Nenjiang River ancient channel.

Chagan Lake is a lake formed by river, which was once a part of the main channel of Nenjiang River in history. Due to the crustal movement, climate change, river swing, siltation and other reasons, Nenjiang River shifted eastward to the east of Da'an platform, leaving the Da'an ancient river; on the other hand, the inflow of Huolin River gradually decreased, the river gradually silted up, and the outlet was blocked, forming the blind tail River. In addition, the flat terrain and poor drainage make it the largest freshwater lake in Jilin Province. The East and the north are surrounded by Mangang with a height difference of 5-20m. The lake is surrounded by farmland, grassland and forest, which is located in the water network area where Nenjiang River and Huolin River meet.

Lake system

Runoff into the lake

Chagan Lake is located at the junction of Huolin River and Nenjiang River, which is the barrier lake of Huolin River. Before 1984, the water source of Chagan Lake mainly depended on the flood of Huolin River, surface runoff and drainage from deep and heavy waterlogged areas. According to the data of Qianjin Hydrometric Station in the lower reaches of Huolin River, from 1957 to 1964, Huolin River flowed into Chagan Lake year after year, and the discharge reached 20m / s in September 1960. From 1966 to 1970, there were floods from time to time and the discharge was small. Although Chagan Lake was short of water, it was still able to maintain. Later, due to the construction of hangali, Xinglong and Shengli reservoirs in the upper reaches of Huolin River, the water inflow of Chagan Lake decreased. From 1971 to 1982, the inflow of Huolin River into the lake was basically stopped. From 1984 to 2007, the main water sources of Chagan Lake were water from Songhua River, natural precipitation, water from Huolin River and Taoer River, drainage from deep and heavy waterlogged area, and flood irrigation from Nenjiang River. The average annual water volume of the lake area is 5.66 × 10m, of which the available runoff is 3.56 × 10m, and the annual water discharge into the lake in Qianguo irrigation area is 1.3 × 10m. According to the comprehensive analysis of water regime in 1960, 1969, 1986 and 1998, the flood of Huolin River will enter Chagan Lake once every 10 years or so. Although the flood will bring some harm, it is very important to alleviate the drought

Chinese PinYin : Cha Gan Hu