Qixinghe Wetland National Nature Reserve

Qixinghe National Nature Reserve

synonym

Qixinghe Wetland National Nature Reserve generally refers to Qixinghe National Nature Reserve

Qixinghe National Nature Reserve, located in the north of Baoqing County, Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang Province, is 100 km away from Shuangyashan City and 40 km away from Baoqing county. The middle and lower reaches of the Qixing River are at the junction of Fujin, Youyi county and 597 farm. It is one of the most complete and primitive inland low humidity alpine wetland ecosystems in Sanjiang Plain, with the characteristics of integrity, rich biodiversity, typicality, rarity and naturalness.

There are 386 species of wild plants and 263 species of vertebrates in Qixinghe National Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang Province, including 4 species of national first-class protected wild animals such as Red Crowned Crane and Oriental White Stork, 17 species of national second-class protected wild animals such as white spoonbill, swan and white naped crane, and national key protected plants such as wild soybean and Artemisia.

In April 2000, it was approved as a national nature reserve. In April 2010, it was rated as China's excellent national nature reserve.

Historical evolution

In 1991, the people's Government of Baoqing County designated it as a county-level nature reserve, named Qixinghe reed nature reserve.

In 1996, the people's Government of Shuangyashan City gave an official reply to its promotion from county level to city level, and the county Party committee and government established the "Management Committee of Qixinghe reed nature reserve". To compile the comprehensive investigation report of Qixinghe nature reserve.

In 1998, with the approval of Heilongjiang Provincial People's government, it was promoted to provincial nature reserve and named as Heilongjiang Qixinghe Wetland Nature Reserve.

In April 2000, with the approval of the State Council, it was promoted to the National Nature Reserve and named Qixinghe National Nature Reserve in Baoqing, Heilongjiang Province.

In 2011, it was listed as an important international wetland.

geographical environment

details

position

Baoqing Qixinghe National Nature Reserve is located in Baoqing County, Shuangyashan City, Heilongjiang Province, 40km away from the county in the north, 51km away from Shuangyashan City and 420km away from Harbin City in the middle and lower reaches of Qixinghe river. The geographical coordinates are 132 ° 05 ′ - 132 ° 26 ′, 46 ° 40 ′ - 46 ° 52 ′, 30km long from east to west and 10km wide from north to south.

climate

Qixinghe National Nature Reserve is located on the east coast of Eurasia in the middle latitude. It has a humid and semi humid continental monsoon climate. It has the characteristics of cold and dry in winter, rapid temperature rise in spring, strong wind, warm and rainy in summer, severe cooling in autumn and large precipitation variability.

The annual average temperature in this area is 2.3-2.4 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature in history is 37.2 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 37.2 ℃. The climate of the nature reserve is obvious in four seasons, cold in winter, mild and humid in summer, drastic temperature change in spring, and crisp in autumn. The average frost free period is 143d, which belongs to a mild agricultural climate area. Affected by the terrain, the area has a special climate. The annual active accumulated temperature is 2500-2700 ℃. The snow depth in winter is 33cm.

The annual precipitation in this area is 551.5mm, and the precipitation from April to September is 470.2mm, accounting for 85.3% of the whole year. The annual and seasonal variation of precipitation is large, and it is prone to drought and flood. The water surface evaporation is 857.7mm and the land evaporation is 630.5mm. The annual total radiation is 4577.2kj/m2 · y. The results showed that the photosynthetic effective radiation was 1421.8kj/m2 · d when the temperature was above 0 ℃, the annual sunshine hours was 2513.2h, and the sunshine percentage was 57%. The annual average wind speed is 4.8m/s, and the maximum wind speed is 18m / s.

The catchment area is about 1550 Hm2, which is mainly formed by the impact of Qixing River. There are more than 20 large and small marshes in the area. The main lake is xidabao, with an area of 500hm2, triangle bubble area of 600hm2 and artificial lake area of 450hm2. The surface is wet or there is seasonal ponding, and the water depth can reach more than 50cm. The ponding depth of light swamp is 20cm, and that of heavy swamp is 20-50cm.

Qixinghe National Nature Reserve replenishes 200 million m3 of groundwater on average every year, controls the flood volume to 200 million m3, and plays an important role in purifying water quality. According to the "water resources bulletin" of Heilongjiang Provincial Water Resources Department in 1998, the surface water quality in the area belongs to class II water body. Qixinghe wetland has the obvious characteristics of microclimate, which plays an extremely important role in regulating the climate change in the reserve and its surrounding areas, maintaining the normal groundwater level, and purifying the air.

 

Geology and geomorphology

The geological structure of Qixinghe National Nature Reserve is a part of Tongjiang inland depression. The Quaternary neotectonic movement is characterized by intermittent movement dominated by subsidence. The Quaternary genetic types are mainly siltation and swamp deposition, and the riverbed sand and gravel deposits formed by alluvial account for the largest proportion. The surface floodplain loam and floodplain swamp mucky loam rich in organic matter are distributed in a complex domain.

The reserve is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Qixing River, with low-lying terrain and poor drainage. The average elevation is 54m, high in the West and low in the East. The elevation difference is only 4-5m, and the river slope ratio is 1 / 4500. It is a typical low plain Valley floodplain landscape. Due to the low and flat terrain on both sides of the river valley, the upstream water during flood period causes a large area of floodplain and stagnant water, the water surface in the area is endless, and the marshes are continuous. At the same time, the micro topography such as the circuitous fan formed by the change of river course, abandoned river course and oxbow lake, linear and butterfly depressions are developed, and the vegetation types of meadow and swamp are rich and varied.

The main types of soil in Qixinghe nature reserve are albic soil (including meadow Albic Soil and shallow albic soil), swamp soil (including meadow swamp soil, humus swamp soil and peat swamp soil).

 

hydrology

Qixing River is the main surface river in this area, with a length of about 56km. Due to the low and flat terrain, the river is curved, the water flow is not smooth, the big and small marshes are scattered, and the water resources are very rich, which is conducive to the development of wet meadow and marsh reed and the habitat of wild animals. Qixing River, a tributary of Naoli River, originates from the north slope of Wandashan, with a total length of 255km and a drainage area of 3816km2. Qixing River is a typical marshy river with small bed gradient of about 1 / 5000, large bend coefficient of about 2.0, narrow channel of only 15-20m in dry season and wide floodplain of 10-15km. Influenced by the interannual variation of precipitation, the discharge and water level of Qixing River vary greatly, with P = 10% of flood discharge of 500m m3 / s and P = 1% of flood discharge of 1020 m3 / s.

Qixinghe National Nature Reserve is rich in groundwater resources. The thickness of the gravel aquifer in the Quaternary period can reach 120m. It is a part of the continuous water bearing structure in Sanjiang Plain with good water permeability. The water inflow of a single well is 100-130t / h. The hydrochemical type is HCO3 Ca + + · Na + water or HCO3 Na + · Ca + + water, the salinity is less than 500mg / L, the hardness is 5-10 degrees (German), and the pH value is about 6.5. It is weak acid and low salinity soft water, which is suitable for drinking and irrigation.

 

Area range

Qixinghe National Nature Reserve covers a total area of 20800hm ~ 2, including 7960hm ~ 2 core area, 3600hm ~ 2 buffer area and 8440hm ~ 2 experimental area. The reserve is adjacent to Youyi and Fujin counties in the north, 597 farm in the East, Qixing Township in Baoqing County in the West and Qixinghe Township in Baoqing County in the south. It is distributed from west to east along the South Bank of Qixing River.

Protected objects

Qixinghe National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province is a nature reserve mainly aimed at protecting the original swamp wetland ecosystem and rare waterfowl. There are 386 species of wild plants and 263 species of vertebrates in the area, including 4 species of national first-class protected wild animals such as Red Crowned Crane and Oriental White Stork, 17 species of national second-class protected wild animals such as white spoonbill, swan and white naped crane, and national key protected plants such as wild soybean and Artemisia. It is one of the most complete and intact original wetlands of the same type, and the epitome of the original landscape of Sanjiang Plain.

 

Botany

There are 388 species of plants belonging to 74 families and 174 genera in the reserve, accounting for 21.44% of the total plants in Heilongjiang Province and 40% of the total plants in Sanjiang Plain. In terms of phytogeographical division, this area belongs to Changbai flora. However, due to the influence and infiltration of other floristic elements, the phenomenon of overlapping and mixing of multi floristic elements and species has been formed. Although there are not many plant species, the floristic elements are relatively complex, which enriches the floristic elements of this area and has unique characteristics. The vegetation types in this area mainly include meadow, swamp and aquatic vegetation. There are 21 kinds of medicinal plants, 15 kinds of forage plants, 20 kinds of fiber plants, 6 kinds of starch plants and more than 10 kinds of ornamental plants recorded in the reserve. In addition, there are a variety of edible plants, nectar plants, aromatic plants, pesticide plants. Rare and endangered species include wild soybean, Myriophyllum Wusuli, etc.

 

There are 386 species of vascular plants belonging to 174 genera of 62 families in the reserve, accounting for 21.44% of the total plants in Heilongjiang Province and 40% of the total plants in Sanjiang Plain. Among them, 2 are medicinal plants

Chinese PinYin : Qi Xing He Shi Di Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu