Zhushan Academy

Zhushan Academy

Zhushan academy is located in taohuaba, Xiongcun Township, Shexian County, Huangshan City. It is a lecture center of Cao people in Xiongcun village in Qing Dynasty, and has the responsibility of education. Celebrities of the Qing Dynasty, such as Shen Deqian, Yuan Mei, Jinbang and Deng Shiru, came here to give lectures. It was built from 1755 to 1759, and most of the existing buildings are original structures. It is a well preserved Huizhou Academy. The Academy covers an area of about 2000 square meters and a building area of 1218 square meters. As the representative of academies, Zhushan academy has cultivated many talents, so it is known as the first ancient academy in Jiangnan.

In 2006, Zhushan Academy was listed as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

historical background

Zhushan Academy was built in 1755, the 20th year of Qianlong reign in Qing Dynasty. Most of the existing buildings are original structures. The academy is the teaching place of Cao clan in Xiong village in Qing Dynasty, and it has the function of education

In the early Qing Dynasty, the Hui merchant Cao's family was engaged in salt industry. By the time of Cao Jinyi's generation, Cao's family had become the richest in the world. However, Cao Jinyi had a strong Confucian feeling. When she was dying, she ordered her two sons Cao Jingting and Cao Jingchen to build Wenge in Zhuxi, so she founded Zhushan Academy.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huizhou merchants flourished, and the education in Huizhou was very developed. There were 55 academies in one Prefecture and six counties. Cao family in Xiongcun was a famous family in Xin'an. In the early Qing Dynasty, he was one of the eight merchants in Lianghuai. At the same time, there were 53 Jinshi and Juren in the Cao family in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, including Cao Wenyu, Minister of the Ministry of household affairs and Cao Zhenyong, Minister of military aircraft. Zhushan Academy was built in the late mature period of Chinese classical gardens, which was also the heyday of Huizhou gardening activities.

Architectural pattern

The whole building is divided into two parts: lecture hall and garden. The lecture hall is a courtyard building with hall, studio and corridor. There is a studio in the north of the hall, a patio in the middle, and a kitchen after the studio. The garden is located in the north of the lecture hall. The main buildings are qingkuangxuan, Wenchang Pavilion, baihuatou upstairs, and tiaofanxuan. Qingkuangxuan is the main building in the garden. The front part of the garden protrudes slightly from the lecture hall, and a garden gate is added in the southeast corner. The east side of the garden is open, facing the mountain and the river. Only a low wall is built to separate the inside and outside. There is a Buddhist temple on the green mountain, and the sails are sitting in it. It can do its best to borrow the scenery. The other three sides are surrounded by buildings, forming the main courtyard. The building and the scenic spot are connected by veranda, extending for tens of meters, with twists and turns. In the courtyard, there are many stones and osmanthus trees, which are very elegant.

Architectural features

The layout of the garden is garden in garden, and the scenery of Jianjiang River and Zhushan mountain are incorporated into the garden by means of borrowing scenery. The mountain pool of the garden itself is decorated slightly to integrate with the natural environment. The design also uses a variety of techniques to deepen the artistic conception and give full play to the theme of academy garden. Planting apricot symbolizes teaching in apricot altar, planting GUI to embody "toad palace to win over GUI", carving Fu in the wall, embedding stele in the corridor, blending with the landscape. Influenced by the painting style of "Xin'an painting school" formed in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, the garden of Zhushan academy has maintained the simple, distant, natural and elegant features of the garden since Song and Ming Dynasties. The buildings in the park adopt the traditional forms and treatment methods of Huizhou dwellings and are decorated with high ancient brick, wood and stone carvings. The buildings of the academy are old-fashioned Huizhou style buildings. No matter from the site selection, design, modeling, or from the structure, layout and decoration, they all reflect the mountainous characteristics, geomantic omen willingness and regional beauty tendency of Huizhou, and maintain the unique artistic style of integrating ancient elegance, simplicity and richness.

Cultural relics

Cultural relic value

Zhushan academy is the best preserved Academy in Huizhou. It is the only private garden in Huizhou in Qing Dynasty. As a private school building in ancient Huizhou, the garden part of the academy is an important example of Huizhou classical garden, which has high historical value, scientific value and artistic value. It is of great value to the study of the history of education and landscape architecture in Qing Dynasty.

Cultural relics protection

In May 2006, Zhushan Academy was listed as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In September, Shexian county invested more than 2 million yuan to repair Zhushan Academy. According to the principle of "repairing the old as before", Zhushan academy restored the main buildings such as enlightenment hall, lecture hall and study.

In 2010, she county carried out rescue maintenance for Zhushan Academy in Xiongcun.

In 2016, Shexian County implemented the protection and utilization project of traditional village cultural heritage under the state protection, constructed the protective facilities of Zhushan academy, and completed the maintenance of Zhushan Academy.

Tourism information

Traffic information

Self driving

(1) Shanghai goes through Shanghai Hangzhou Expressway, Hangzhou Ring Road, Hangzhou Huizhou expressway, Shexian exit, national highway 215, Shexian second toll station, 7 km left to the scenic spot.

(2) Hangzhou goes to the exit of Shexian County via Hangzhou Huizhou expressway, then goes to the second toll station of Shexian County via national highway 215, and turns left 7km to the scenic spot.

Shexian bus station - Xiongcun bus, 12 kilometers.

Ticket information 5 yuan / person

Address: taohuaba, Xiongcun Township, she County, Huangshan City

Longitude: 118.44319152832

Latitude: 29.818788528442

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Shan Shu Yuan