Lushun military port

Lushun military port

Lushun military port was built in the Qing Dynasty. In fact, as early as the Ming Dynasty, there was a naval camp in Lushun, from which to patrol the sea. With the imperialists invading the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea coast, in order to strengthen the maritime defense of Lushunkou, from 1880 to 1890, the Qing government ordered Li Hongzhang, Minister of Beiyang, to prepare for the construction of Beiyang Navy, manage the port of Lushunkou, expand the waterway, dredge the harbor, fill the sea, build the fort, and build the harbor pool, making Lushunkou a world-famous military fortress and one of the five major military ports at that time. In 1894, during the Sino Japanese War of 1894, the Qing government only operated in Lushun for 16 years. In the following decades, Japan and Russia occupied Lushun respectively. On April 15, 1955, China and the Soviet Union held the handover ceremony of Lushun military port. From April 16, the defense of Lushun military port was in the charge of the people's Republic of China. As a training base for the North Sea fleet, the West Port is being expanded.

Lushun military port is located in the southwest of Liaodong Peninsula and the North Bank of the Yellow Sea. The port opens to the southeast, the East is the majestic Gold Mountain, the west side is the tiger tail Peninsula, the southwest is the lofty old fellow iron mountain, the periphery guards the Lushun Port, the natural form wins the reputation as "the world wonders".

strategic role

Lushun military port is located in the southwest of Liaodong Peninsula and the North Bank of the Yellow Sea. The port opens to the southeast, the East is the majestic Gold Mountain, the west side is the tiger tail Peninsula, the southwest is the lofty old fellow iron mountain, the periphery guards the Lushun Port situation to be dangerous, the natural form wins the reputation as "the world wonders." We refer to the "Lushun Port" and "SHIZIKOU", which are nearly 300 meters wide and formed by the confrontation of two mountains. There is only one 91 meter waterway in 300 meters, and only one large warship can pass through each time. It can be said that "one man is in charge of the pass, ten thousand men are not allowed to open". Strategically, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack.

Lushun military port is similar to a closed Bay. The port is 4 km long from east to west and 2 km wide from south to north. The whole bay is divided into East and West ports. The curved dry beach is very similar to the tail of a tiger, so it is named "tiger tail". As a world famous port, Lushunkou is closely related to the existence of the tiger tail peninsula. In the Qing Dynasty, there were training grounds and lighthouses on the peninsula. Taking this tiger tail Peninsula as the boundary, the whole bay is divided into East and west parts. The east port is 75 meters wide and 5.6-8.8 meters deep. The wharf is surrounded by stone walls with large docks. The West Port is 220 meters wide and has a wide water area, which is not frozen or silted. It is a shoal with good concealment and wind resistance. In addition, the existence of that tiger tail Peninsula forms a big breakwater, which makes the West Port more beautiful It's like an inner lake.

As a matter of fact, the most dangerous part of the port lies in the mountains on both sides of the channel, where many firepower organs are hidden. They cross into a network and support each other, making it difficult for enemy ships to get close to each other. Therefore, no matter in the Sino Japanese war or the Russo Japanese War, the Japanese army did not enter Lushun from the sea. So some military experts described it as "a natural victory in Lushun, that is, there are thousands of troops and horses, which can never be broken.".

Historical footprints

In the autumn of 1881, Li Hongzhang, Minister of Beiyang, chose Lushun as the base of Beiyang Navy in order to consolidate the northern coastal defense. Zhou Fu, Ma Jianzhong, Huang Ruilan and other civil and military officials arrived at Lvshunkou to investigate the situation. They concluded that Lvshunkou is located in the northern pass, the gateway of Beijing and the capital, "the key to coastal defense of Fengzhi two provinces" and "an important place to cover the throat, the potential is in the fight". On November 11, Li Hongzhang formally reported his plan to build a port and dock in Lushun to the imperial court. After being approved, he immediately established the Lushun Engineering Bureau. In September 1882, Li Hongzhang appointed yuan Baoling, a mender of Zhili, as the general office of the Engineering Bureau. By September 1890, all the docks in Lushun were completed, consuming 1.3935 million taels of silver. At the same time, the purple granite strips transported from Changdao, Shandong Province were used to repair the docks along the coast of Lushun Port The breakwater, about 3 meters high, was built. Now the coastal breakwater is the rudiment built at that time. There are cast iron and granite cable bolts on the breakwater. Jungang Park was part of the breakwater built at that time, which was known locally as "Bayan".

After the end of the Russo Japanese War, "Bayan" (the area around the present military Harbor Park) was a fishing dock for wholesale and sale of aquatic products. Every morning, many kinds of wooden boats were moored, and the flow of people and trucks for aquatic products trading was bustling.

On August 22, 1945, after the Soviet army entered Lushun, a monorail railway was built from the terminal point of Lushun railway station to the south side of Huanghe Road to Lushun shipyard. A warehouse was built at the place where the railway passed by the dam (the current site of Jungang Park). A wooden bridge was also built at the entrance to the sea under the nearby coastal bridge, and the railway tracks were laid. In 1955, when the Soviet Red army withdrew from Lushun, the warehouse was transferred to the Logistics Department of the Lushun garrison of the Chinese people's Liberation Army for storage of cement. In 1958, the wooden bridge at the entrance under the coastal bridge was demolished. This area has become a natural place for local residents to "fish with a big stick" and swim in summer.

Jungang Park

Lushun military Harbor Park, the most beautiful coastal town in Lushun, is located at the south foot of Baiyu mountain and the North Bank of Lushun military harbor. It faces the main channel of Lushun entrance in the south, connects with the West Port of Lushun in the west, faces 4810 factory and east port of Lushun in the East, and faces Huanghe Road in the north. It is a man-made park built in 1985, covering an area of 5839 square meters. Although it is small and narrow, its history can be traced back to the late 19th century.

Covering an area of about 5200 square meters, Jungang park is located at the south foot of Baiyu mountain and the North Bank of Lushunkou. It was built in 1987. The park is banded, and there is a dike on the side of the sea. If you stop at the dike and look ahead, the famous Lushun estuary is close at hand. You can also see the military port from a "zero distance" here. Fortunately, you will see the majestic scene of warships or submarines entering and leaving Lvshunkou. At this time, tourists always rush to take photos for fear of passing away.

Walking into the garden gate, the first thing you see is a stone tablet 2.4 meters high, 0.8 meters thick and 1.5 meters wide. The stone tablet is made from the natural stone picked by old fellow iron mountain, weighing about a ton. The front of the tablet is engraved with three big characters "Lushunkou", and the back is engraved with an inscription recording the origin of Lushunkou. On the west side of the park, the huge bronze sculpture "Xingshi" is taken from Lushunkou. It was once called "shishikou" in Yuan Dynasty, symbolizing the growing strength of the motherland. It is like a sleeping lion waking up and waiting to go.

Flowers and trees are widely planted in the garden, and the environment is small and beautiful. The coastal garden with coastal scenery attracts many tourists every year. White waves, flying gulls and blue thoughts are beating the shore of memory and nostalgia in waves. The crouching lion faces the port; the other side is the golden mountain and the tiger tail peninsula. Does the port tell the story of Lvshunkou. This coast is the most excellent "tour guide". As long as you are beside the stone tablet "Lushunkou", you will follow a story to enter the gorgeous and colorful city.

At the entrance of the east gate of the garden, the 1.2-meter-high elegant girl carved from white marble, playing the piano and playing a melodious and melodious "night in the military harbor" under the moon, seems to tell us that the harbor in front of us and the land behind us are so peaceful and harmonious. "The night in the military harbor is quiet, the waves shake the warship gently..." When you are in the Jungang Park and sing this song again, endless feelings and reveries will come into being. This is the eternal and unforgettable memory presented by Lvshunkou.

Jungang park is located on the other side of Lushun estuary, covering an area of 5000 square meters. To the north is the road, close to Baiyu mountain. It encircles the North Bank of the military port in a strip shape. The park is covered with concrete bricks of different sizes, and flowers and trees are planted in the green lawn. In the garden, there are two rattan frames cast in umbrella shaped cement steel plates. Cement round table and stone drum stool are distributed in the garden for visitors to rest. The shape of flower bed is different and the layout is reasonable. The precious trees and flowers planted in the garden grow luxuriantly. There are evergreen juniper, Platycladus orientalis, Prunus tomentosa, Fraxinus mandshurica, honeysuckle, yew, rose, small leaf tree, holly, cinnamon willow, etc.

Nine lights of different shapes are set up in the park. At night, they shine with the lights on the warships, making the military port more charming. On the left side of the entrance to the east gate of the garden stands a white marble sculpture with a base 12 meters high and decorated with black marble. The female zither player, dressed in a dress and holding the zither under the moon, has a profound meaning and ingenious structure, which naturally reminds people of the song "night in the military harbor". It is integrated with the night view of the military harbor. Tourists come here to take photos and leave a good impression. They miss the young sailors guarding the sacred frontier of the motherland day and night. At the west end of the garden, a bronze sculpture, Xingshi, is built. The huge bronze lion lies on a rectangular base inlaid with black marble, facing the entrance, majestic and majestic. It symbolizes the "lion's mouth" of the past and the Lushun's mouth of today.

In the middle of the garden, facing the port, stands the huge stone tablet of "Lushun Port". This natural stone is old fellow collected from the iron mountain, standing in the middle of the garden. The three characters of "Lushunkou" are modeled on the font of Guo Moruo. Painted bright red, far away, particularly eye-catching. This is a must for tourists, and also the place where tourists take the most photos, because it is the sign of Lvshunkou.

In midsummer, people bathe in the afterglow of the setting sun and take a walk, cool, swim and relax here. In the early morning, before the sun rises, people practice martial arts and seagulls dance here. At this time, people and animals form a poetic atmosphere in the beautiful natural environment.

Marine Park

With the proposal of the people's representative of Lushunkou District and the participation of the urban construction management department, the coastal park has been built in this area since 1985

Chinese PinYin : Lv Shun Jun1 Gang