Japanese and Russian prisons

In March 1971, Dalian Municipal Bureau of culture used the former site of Russo Japanese prison in Lushun to organize an exhibition of imperialist crimes against China. In 1983, the former prison site was set up to preserve the relics of imperialist aggression against China. In early 1984, after reorganizing and restoring the display, the former prison site became a base for patriotism education to the masses, especially the young people.

Museum of the former site of Russo Japanese prison in Lushun

synonym

Russo Japanese prison generally refers to the Museum of the former site of Russo Japanese prison in Lushun

The museum is located at 139 Xiangyang Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China. The museum is divided into two parts: the former site exhibition and the special exhibition. The former site scene exhibition consists of 19 areas, including panoramic sand table, body examination room, East prison, an chonggen prison, secret prison, guard rest room, Department of discipline and protection, torture room, guard platform, relics exhibition, teaching room, West prison, west body examination room, first workshop, triangle, north gate, medical department, hanging yard and cemetery restoration area Organization.

The original prison was built by Czarist Russia in 1902 and expanded by Japan in 1907. There are 275 cells inside the original prison wall, which can hold more than 2000 people at the same time; outside the original prison wall, there are kilns, forest farms, orchards, vegetable fields and so on, which force the prisoners to perform hard labor. Many people in China, North Korea, Japan, Russia, Egypt and other countries have been imprisoned and slaughtered here.

As of 2016, the Museum covers an area of 26000 square meters and a construction area of 12521 square meters. It is a well preserved, rich, large-scale and international heritage museum in China. In July 1971, the prison site was restored and opened to the public as a museum; in 1988, the prison site was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council; in 2005, the prison site museum was awarded the title of "national patriotic education demonstration base" by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee. In 2006, it was awarded the title of "national defense education demonstration base" by the national defense education office.

Historical evolution

In 1902, Lushun prison was built in Russia.

From the 29th year to the 30th year (1904-1905) of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, there were horse barracks and field hospitals in wartime.

In November 1907, the Japanese colonial authorities began to use Lushun prison, which was named "prison Department of the governor's office of Kanto". And gradually expand the cell, ward, examination room, dark prison, workshop and so on.

In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), it changed its name to "guandongting prison", opened kilns, vegetable fields, forest farms, and built detention and training centers.

In 1926, it was renamed "the criminal affairs office of the Department of Guandong".

In December of 1934, it was renamed "Guandong criminal office".

In 1939, it was named "Lushun criminal affairs office".

On August 15, 1945, the prison disintegrated.

In October 1970, the Revolutionary Committee of Lushun city decided to carry out a comprehensive restoration of the prison site.

In July 1971, the exhibition hall of the former prison site was officially opened to the public.

In March 1979, the exhibition hall of Lushun prison was cancelled.

In June 1983, the Lushun imperialist relics depository was established.

In December 1983, the former site of Lushun prison was transferred to Dalian Municipal People's government by the PLA garrison.

In August 1992, the Lushun imperialist Relics Preservation Center was renamed as the exhibition hall of the former site of the Russo Japanese prison in Lushun.

In May 2003, the Museum of the former site of Russo Japanese prison in Lushun was renamed as the Museum of the former site of Russo Japanese prison in Lushun.

Exhibition Profile

Basic Display

Eastern physical examination room

There are three inspection rooms in Lushun prison. Every morning, the prisoners are brought here from the cell. They take off their clothes, hang them on the numbered clothes rack, stand at attention in front of the wooden bar, raise their arms, open their fingers, shout their numbers in Japanese, then cross the wooden bar, put on the prison clothes that they work in the workshop and go to the factory for service. This kind of body examination is mainly set up to prevent the prisoners from resisting with sharp weapons.

East cell

There are 87 cells on the east side, with three floors. The first and second floors are ordinary cells. The area of each cell is about 11 to 14 square meters, usually holding 7-8 people, and sometimes more than 10 people. The third floor is a single cell, mainly for "political prisoners". On the walls of each cell, there are 11 prison rules in Chinese, Korean and Japanese characters, which stipulate that no one is allowed to speak, face to face, lean against the wall, look out and walk, etc. in the cell, only kneel or sit in the middle of the cell, etc. If there are those who violate the prison rules, the light ones will be punished, and the heavy ones will be taken to the torture room to beat them, or even put into the dark prison.

Dark prison

The dark prison is a prison where the Japanese colonial rulers persecuted the prisoners. All those who are held here are those who dare to fight against and are considered to have seriously violated prison rules. Each dark cell is 1.7m long, 1.45M wide and 2.38M high (area 2.4 m2). People who are held in secret prisons should bring special instruments of torture and eat the seventh class food in prison. Usually, there is no light inside. There is only one observation hole with small outside and large inside, which can only be opened when the guards check the prison. The prisoners are put in secret prisons for at least three to five days and at most one week. Because there is no light all day long, after coming out, the eyes are suddenly strongly stimulated by the sun, which causes great damage to the eyesight. Many people are disabled and blind.

Guard Lounge

There are nearly 100 guards in the prison, who patrol day and night. The rest room is where they rest during their work.

Department of rehabilitation

The Department of discipline and protection is the core organization for the management of Lushun prison. Its main task is to supervise, escort and execute the prisoners, and check the letters of the prisoners.

Torture room

The torture room is a place where prisoners are physically punished. Those who had the courage to violate prison rules were brought here, stripped naked, tied to the suspenders or the "big" shaped instruments of torture, and severely beaten. The main form of torture here is "flogging.".

Guard station

The guard station is the intersection of three rows of radioactive cells. As long as a Japanese guard stands here, he can monitor the situation of the East, middle and West rows of cells. This kind of prison design comes from the British prison scientist Jerome Bentham.

Teaching room

The teaching room of Lushun prison is located on the second floor of the prison, under the management of the Department of educational affairs. Most of the teachers are Japanese Buddhist monks, and they are also equipped with Japanese Shinto staff. Because the Chinese don't believe in Shintoism in Japan, most of the teachers are Buddhist monks.

West cell

The west side of the prison is divided into two layers, a total of 82 cells. At that time, the so-called economic and criminal prisoners were mainly held.

Western physical examination room

The western body examination room is mainly set up for prisoners in the Western prison to work in a workshop in prison. Its scale is much smaller than that in the eastern prison, and its function is the same.

Workshop

There are 15 workshops in the prison, such as clothing workshop, shoemaking workshop, printing workshop, carpentry workshop and iron workshop. The authorities force the prisoners to produce military supplies and daily necessities for them. The first workshop mainly produces military gloves. These military gloves were basically supplied to the most elite Japanese troops stationed in the northeast at that time, the Japanese Kwantung Army.

Medical department

The medical department of the prison was built in 1916, where the prisoners were treated. The medical department has a diagnosis room, medicine room and morgue. In addition, there are 18 wards, which are divided into ordinary wards and isolated wards, with a fixed number of 40.

Hanging room

The hanging room is located in the northeast corner of the prison. It is a secret killing ground established by the Japanese in 1934. How many people have been killed in this murderous cave, because all the files in the prison have been destroyed, so it has not been clear. However, according to statistics, more than 700 people were executed here from 1942 to August 1945. On August 16, 1945, the day after the emperor of Japan announced his surrender, Tian Ziren Lang, the director of the criminal affairs office, secretly hanged Liu FengChuan, he Hanqing and other six Anti Japanese patriots from Yan'an under his command.

Restoration and display of prison cemetery

The cemetery is located on the east slope of the prison. At that time, in the wilderness of more than 3 mu, five ditches with a length of nearly 100 meters were dug in advance, and wooden barrels with corpses were buried in the ditch one by one. After the five ditches were buried, the five ditches with bones were reopened in turn, and the remaining white bones were dug out and buried in other places. During the 40 years of Japanese rule in Dalian, prison cemeteries were used repeatedly. Therefore, it is impossible to know how many dead compatriots were buried here. Especially after the Pacific War broke out in 1941, the Japanese colonial rulers paid more attention to the prisoners

Chinese PinYin : Ri E Jian Yu