Ancient floating bridge

Ganzhou ancient floating bridge

synonym

Ancient floating bridge generally refers to Ganzhou ancient floating bridge

Ganzhou ancient floating bridge, the scientific name is Huimin bridge. The floating bridge is about 400 meters long, connecting the two ends of the Gongjiang river. It is made up of more than 100 boats tied together by cables. It was built in the Qiandao period of Song Dynasty (1163-1173) and has a history of more than 800 years.

The whole floating bridge is divided into 33 groups, which are connected by cables, and then fixed on the river with steel cables and anchors. In the past, when the water transportation of Ganjiang River was busy, it had to be opened at 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. every day for ships to pass.

On March 21, 2018, Dongjin bridge in Ganzhou was listed in the Sixth Batch of key cultural relics protection units in Jiangxi Province.

Construction background

The ancient floating bridge was built in Song Dynasty. As a major project of Ganzhou City construction, it needs enough human and material support. The ancient city of Ganzhou was in a very glorious period in the Song Dynasty. At that time, Ganzhou was one of the top 30 prefectures in China. There is a record in the history of Song Dynasty: "in the first year of Chongning, the state was 254, which can be said to be extremely prosperous. In the Song Dynasty, there were more than 300 years in the world. From the beginning of Yao Jianlong to the end of Zhiping, there was no great increase or loss in the evolution of prefectures and counties That is to say, there were 254 prefectures in the whole country at that time, and Ganzhou was one of the 30 largest prefectures in the country, which was well-known in the whole country at that time. Ganzhou is still known as the "song city museum". It can be seen that the ancient city of Ganzhou in the Song Dynasty made outstanding achievements in urban construction and laid a good foundation for the future development. At the same time, it also reached the peak of Ganzhou in the fields of economy and culture.

Reasons for construction

Ganzhou ancient city is located in the Delta Zone where the three rivers, Zhangjiang River, Gongjiang River and Ganjiang River meet. It is surrounded by the river in the East, West and North, with deep ditches and high fortresses in the south, and the river in the three sides is very wide. But before the Song Dynasty, there was only boat ferry. In the Northern Song Dynasty, because the political and economic status of Ganzhou City was greatly improved, and the commerce was also unprecedented prosperous, it was obvious that only using boat ferry could not meet the needs of people's daily transportation. However, it is difficult to build a beam bridge or arch bridge on the river with a width of more than 400 meters according to the engineering level of Song Dynasty. Moreover, the construction of a permanent bridge is not conducive to the natural defense of Ganzhou City. Therefore, it is the best choice to build a floating bridge that can be opened and closed at any time.

Maintenance

ancient

Because of its own structure and material, the floating bridge often needs to be repaired. In history, the ancient floating bridge in Ganzhou has been repaired many times, large and small, to make it survive. However, there are few records about the historical materials of the repair. According to the annals of Ganzhou Prefecture in Jiajing, Liu Jie, the right servant of the Ministry of punishment of the Ming Dynasty, who was in charge of the national penalty decrees and the examination of the names of punishments, recorded in the annals of Liangguan chuanqiao: "what are the two passes, and what are the two passes in ganjun?". There are two Guanhe rivers in ganjun county. The West River is named by zhangshui water injection, and the East River is named by Gongshui water flowing down to the East and zhangshui water injection "If there are boats in the East River, there will be ten; if there are boats in the West River, there will be six; if there are eighty creations, there will be four; if there are gains, there will be seventy repairs, there will be six; if there are still old ones." This is the maintenance of the chunmen floating bridge in 1534, 360 years after Hongmai, the Zhijun army, built it.

There are 100 vessels used in the East River floating bridge and 60 vessels used in the West River floating bridge. 84 vessels have been newly built. Among them, 76 light vessels are selected to replace those that need to be repaired, and the rest are still old vessels. After Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty, Xuande, Zhengtong, Zhengde and Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty were overhauled many times, as well as countless small and medium-sized repairs after annual floods, Ganzhou ancient floating bridge, especially jianchunmen floating bridge, can still be preserved and used. It is still an important traffic line of Ganzhou ancient city, and also an important part of Ganzhou ancient city style in the Song Dynasty, which is inseparable from countless careful maintenance in successive dynasties It's a relationship.

modern

In 2012, a large number of bridge vessels of jianchunmen floating bridge were repaired. A total of 26 bridge vessels were overhauled. Compared with 11 bridge vessels in 2011, the number of bridge vessels needed to be repaired more than doubled. At the same time, both Ganjian 104 and Ganjian 105 were repaired in this year. In 2013, there was no maintenance of floating bridge vessels, and in 2014, 11 bridge vessels were overhauled. In 2010 and 2011, 5 and 11 bridge vessels were overhauled respectively. At present, there are 51 iron ships, of which 21 are in use; 99 wooden ships, of which 93 are in use and 6 are in standby; the remaining 18 bridge ships are in scrapping

Floating bridge information (East River floating bridge)

Main attractions

Ganzhou City in Jiangxi Province is surrounded by water on three sides. Because the river is wide, ferry is the main way to and from both sides of the river. In the Song Dynasty, Ganzhou's economy developed greatly. In order to facilitate communication with the outside world, three floating bridges were built on the Zhanghe River and Gonghe River to connect urban and rural areas. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Xihe and Nanhe floating bridges were removed because of the construction of highway bridges. In the 1980s, they were replaced by modern highway bridges. Only this jianchunmen floating bridge, as the historical and cultural landscape of the national historical and cultural city, has been specially preserved and is still serving the citizens of Ganzhou.

In the past, there were floating bridges in many cities near the river, but they are rare in other cities. However, this ancient transportation facility has been used in Ganzhou for more than 800 years, which constitutes the unique cultural landscape of Ganzhou, a national historical and cultural city. At the other end of the bridge are suburban villages and some factories. On summer evenings, many Ganzhou citizens go swimming under the floating bridge. In the evening, many people go to the floating bridge to have a cool, and some young men and women also like to come here to have a love talk.

Other floating bridges in Ganzhou

Ganzhou Xihe floating bridge

The first floating bridge built in Ganzhou City is Xijin bridge, which is now called Xihe floating bridge. It was built in the Xining period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1068-1077 AD). At that time, Liu Jin, the Zhijun of Ganzhou Prefecture, began to build a floating bridge on the Zhangjiang River. Because the floating bridge was built outside the Xijin gate, it was called Xijin bridge. The yudizhi · Shui in Ganzhou Fu Zhi recorded the whole process of Xijin Bridge Construction: "Xijin bridge, outside Xijin gate, used to be known as Zhizheng. Liu Jin, the leader of the Xining clan in Song Dynasty, began to build the floating beam.

”It can be seen that Xijin bridge was not originally called Xijin bridge, but Zhizheng bridge. It is likely that the name of the bridge was chosen by the officials at that time in order to understand the people. As for the earliest form of Xijin bridge, that is, the form of Zhizheng bridge, it is also recorded in volume 3 of Hongshi's panzhou anthology, Zhizheng bridge records: "there are four boats for thirty, and the cloth board is very good. The Zhulan is used to control the iron, and the Zhuzhu is used as the Suo (lock), the braided bamboo is used as the cable, which is extremely dimensional and firm. The length of the bridge is half of the seven, and the width is one of the five. It is the fourth Pavilion. The heart of the bridge is called" wohong. ", Its east coast is called "Lishe", its west coast is called "Linzhang", its left side is called "Shuangqing", and its right side is called "Zhizheng bridge".

”In a long period of time, Xihe floating bridge is 70 Zhang long, 1 Zhang wide and 55 boats. In 1986, after the new Xihe pedestrian bridge was built, the Xihe floating bridge was removed.

Ganzhou Nanhe floating bridge

During the Chunxi period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1174-1189 A.D.), Zhou bizheng, the Zhijun, also built the Nanhe floating bridge on the water surface of Zhangjiang River outside the South Gate of Chengmen town in Ganzhou in order to widen the traffic, which was still used in modern times. It is also recorded in Yu Di Zhi · Shui in Ganzhou Fu Zhi in Tongzhi period: "Nanqiao, outside the South Gate of Zhennan, Zhou bizheng, the song Zhijun, began to build Fuliang.

”The pontoon is connected to the water surface by boats and boats, and then paved with wooden boards to finally complete the passage of pedestrians. The Nanhe floating bridge is 60 feet long, 1 foot wide and 57 boats. In 1991, after the completion of the Nanhe bridge, the Nanhe floating bridge was demolished. In 2006, in order to restore the style and features of Ganzhou ancient city in Song Dynasty, the Nanhe floating bridge was rebuilt on the site of Nanhe floating bridge. Now, the Nanhe floating bridge is about 350 meters long and 5 meters wide, starting from the Golden Square of Zhangjiang new area and Ganzhou science and Technology Museum in the South and connecting with Yingjiao intersection in the north. The whole pontoon is composed of antique wooden bridge body, north-south wharf, 2 barges, 2 tugboats, management room, etc. The bridge deck is paved with 5 cm thick superior fir board, and the bridge body is composed of 30 pontoon boats made up of 87 boats. Nanhe floating bridge plays the oldest traffic function of the floating bridge, and provides a new place for people to walk, relax and visit the scenery on both sides of Zhangjiang River.

Construction method and process of floating bridge

The cost of bridge construction is very high, even the most simple floating bridge in the bridge, the construction cost is also very high. There are four ways to build bridges: first, civil construction, which is built by one family and one surname independently; second, fund-raising, which is raised by local gentry and reported to the government for support. The government and gentry work together to complete the bridge construction; third, the government advocates civil construction, which is advocated by local officials and supported by business gentry, and which is assigned by officials and gentry The fourth is that all the construction projects are funded by the government, and some of them are subsidized by the government.

The Zhangjiang and Gongjiang rivers in Ganzhou are turbulent, especially the Gongjiang River, which is more than 400 meters wide,

Chinese PinYin : Gu Fu Qiao