Feng's Tombs

Feng's Tombs

Fengs tombs, also known as fengjiafen, commonly known as "Eighteen random graves", are located in the north of Houtun village, Qiancun Township, Jingxian County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province. At present, there are still 15 tombs with sealed soil, the largest of which is about 7 meters high. The tombs cover an area of more than 2000 mu.

In 1961, the State Council announced that Feng's tombs were the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Brief introduction of tombs

From the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, the tombs of the Fengs of the aristocratic families in China. It is distributed in the area of Qiancun and Houcun in the southeast of Jingxian County, Hebei Province. It was excavated in 1948. In 1955, the Beijing Museum of history conducted an investigation. The discovery of this group of tombs provides important material materials for the study of the Han tombs, politics, economy and culture in this period. In 1961, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

There were 18 earth sealed tombs in the cemetery, but there are 16 now. More than 300 pieces of bronze, celadon, painted pottery figurines and epitaphs have been unearthed. There are five epitaphs: the second year of Zhengguang (521), the fourth year of Heqing (565), the third year of kaihuang (583) and the ninth year of kaihuang (589). The owners of the tombs were Feng mengnu, Feng Yanzhi, Feng Yanzhi's wife Cui, Feng Zihui, and Feng Zihui's wife Wang. They were all the places where they were buried after death.

Clothing features

Among the celadon wares unearthed, four are covered with lotus statues, the highest of which is 40cm, with beautiful shape and gorgeous decoration. It has light gray body, high content of alumina and titanium oxide, uniform glaze, nearly wormwood color, thin but not fresh opening, which is obviously different from southern celadon. Some people think it is the representative work of northern celadon. The clothes and crowns of the unearthed pottery figurines have the characteristics of Xianbei and Han nationality. The difference between the Han Dynasty and the Han Dynasty is that the scarves and crowns of the literati figurines are higher after the scarves and flat in the middle. The size of the scarves and crowns gradually shrinks to the top. They are called "pingshangwo" or "Xiaoguan" at that time. They are popular in the north and south, reflecting the changes of the clothes and crowns system before and after the Han Dynasty in Tuoba of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Information of Jingxian County

Jingxian county is located in the southeast of Hebei Province, on the West Bank of the Grand Canal, in the economic development area around Beijing Tianjin and Bohai Sea, and in the economic center of Beijing Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Jinan triangle. It is the "Nanxiang" economic region of Hebei Province that implements the "one line, two sides" strategy in the "Eleventh Five Year Plan".

It is 270 km north from Beijing, 210 km south from Tianjin, 150 km south from Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, and 150 km west from Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei Province. It is adjacent to Dezhou City, Shandong Province, with a total area of 1183 square kilometers and cultivated land of 1.19 million mu. It governs Jingxian County, Jingzhou Town, Longhua Town, Guangchuan Town, Wangtong Town, Fuhe Town, anling Town, Duqiao Town, wangqiansi Town, Beiliuzhi Town, liuzhimiao town and Liuji township There are 848 administrative villages in 6 townships of 10 towns, including Lianzhen Township, Liangji Township, Wencheng Township, houliumingfu Township and Qinglan Township, with a total population of 500000.

Transportation advantages

Jingxian is located in 37 ° 28 ′ - 37 ° 51 ′ N and 115 ° 54 ′ - 116 ° 27 ′ e, with horseshoe shape. The highest point is 25 meters above sea level and the lowest point is 14.1 meters. It is 27.5 km wide from east to west and 45 km long from north to south. It is a warm temperate semi humid continental climate with four distinct seasons and sufficient light. The annual average temperature is 12.5 ℃ and the annual average precipitation is 554 mm.

Jingxian has convenient transportation and communication. Beijing Shanghai railway and Jingfu Expressway run through the East, while Deshi railway and Shide Expressway run across the south. The county is just at the intersection of the two roads. From scratch, the highway system has been built with the national and provincial highways as the backbone, the county as the center, and the county, township and village three-level highways as the network, connecting with the surrounding provinces and cities and all the villages. At the same time, a number of high-grade highways such as jingsang, Fude, Hengde and Jingheng have been built and rebuilt.

The tombs

The Fengs in Jingxian county were one of the famous families in the northern and Southern Dynasties. Their heyday was in the Northern Wei Dynasty, which can be traced back to the later Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and continued to the Northern Qi, Sui and Tang Dynasties. According to the records in Wei Shu, Bei Qi Shu, Bei Shi, Sui Shu, Xin Tang Shu and Jing Xian Zhi, there are as many as 60 or 70 officials in Historical Biographies. During the northern and Southern Dynasties, the Fengs in Jingxian county were one of the famous families at that time. Their high official positions and large numbers were rare at that time.

In 1948, villagers nearby dug up four tombs and one passage and took out a large number of cultural relics. After collection and investigation by experts in Beijing's cultural heritage circles and local government officials, more than 300 pieces were obtained, including 11 bronze wares, 35 porcelain wares, 3L pottery wares, 195 pottery figurines (including 167 figures and 28 animals), 2 glass bowls, 48 agate beads, 3 bronze seals, 5 epitaphs and 1 epitaph cover Fang. Among them, 4 pieces of celadon cover lotus statue, 2 pieces of four ear celadon vase, 1 piece of four ear celadon jar and other 35 pieces of porcelain are national first-class cultural relics. More than 300 pieces are in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

Feng's tombs are important tombs in the northern and Southern Dynasties. All unearthed and unearthed cultural relics are valuable material for studying the politics, economy and culture of the Northern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties.

Five epitaphs of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty have been unearthed. The cultural relics unearthed from Feng's tombs are precious materials of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty, which have important reference value for the study of the history at that time. Among them, one of the celadon masterpieces covers the lotus statue, the other covers two large lotus flowers, on which are pasted the flying sky and flying dragon in relief. They are exquisitely made and extremely majestic in shape. They are the representative works of celadon in the Northern Dynasty.

Legend of tombs

The tombs of the Fengs in Jingxian County, commonly known as the "Eighteen disordered tombs", bury many dignitaries of the Fengs since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the southern and Northern Dynasties. Although more than a thousand years later, the tall ancient tombs are still standing in the wilderness.

The tombs are located about 10 kilometers southeast of Jingzhou City, north of Houcun village, anling town. According to the memories of the villagers who worked in the wheat fields, there were no family names in Houcun long ago. In those days, those who had been appointed officials from other places came to anling by boat, set up a mat shed, and transported the coffins of their relatives to the tomb for burial. It is said that the name of anling came from this.

The villagers said that after the founding of the people's Republic of China, the State Administration of cultural relics came here for investigation, and each tomb was opened. A lotus vase in the Palace Museum in Beijing was unearthed from an ancient tomb in the north. People from the cultural relics department said that there are 18 tombs here, but the actual number of tombs is 22. So there is a saying of "bright 18, dark 22".

In 1958, a large number of human skulls were excavated in front of two tombs in the south. The villagers believed that it was the remains of the grave mender. It seems that in order to keep the secret inside the tomb, after the completion of the project, the Fengs cruelly buried the craftsmen in the ground. It is believed that there is another possibility, because there is an official of the Feng family to the minister, which is the corpse of the martyr.

Internal conditions of tombs

As for the situation inside the tombs, the villagers said that before liberation, the tombs here were not managed and were seriously stolen. Almost all the people who build walls and build pigsty come here to dig bricks. Clay figurines, earthenware pots and other pottery from the tombs can be seen everywhere. It is said that a big man named Liu found a golden head when he was digging the grave bricks. He quietly sold it to Beijing and made a windfall. It wasn't long before he died of sores. Some people say that the ghost of Lao Feng's family has found it. In fact, the water in the tomb was poisonous. The golden head was fished out of the water. Big man Liu died of poisoning in the water. After the founding of new China, the cultural relics in the villagers' homes were taken away by the county cultural department. Some scheming people still keep some valuable things.

If the earth seal is removed from the tomb, it will be a brick cover. The coffin is inside the brick cover. But no one has seen the coffin. The brick cover is like a big steamed bread, big at the bottom and small at the top. The top is covered with a square brick, and some people say it is covered with a mirror. When you open the cover brick and look down, it's dark. You can hear the sound of "Tong, Tong" when you throw the dirt down. Later, the state strengthened the management of cultural relics, and the excavated tombs were filled and sealed. The grave on the northeast corner has become a big sand dune for some unknown reason. The farmers in Sanli Wuzhuang, who have children, all go to this grave to pull sand and soil, and the soil is less and less sealed. Up to now, this film is the only one left.

Experience

It is said that there have been many rare events here in the past. The grave on the north side is very smart. If the people in Houcun have a wedding or a funeral, and the tables, chairs, benches and other things are not enough, they just have to give a confession the night before and burn a few knives of paper. The next morning, they just have to get on the car to pull things. But there is one, used up to send back, otherwise it will not work. There was a grave as like as two peas. The first night they stayed here, and the second day was gone. The people were wondering, and heard the Jingzhou people say that the big tomb was growing up in the field of Wangjia weir in the east of the city, which is exactly the same as the one that was lost here. Is it true? Anyway, there is really a grave missing here.

There are many legends of the local people, many of which come from their curiosity about these ancient tombs. After liberation, the excavation of these ancient tombs opened its mysterious veil, and the dusty history of more than 1000 years began to show in front of people.

archaeological discovery

In May 1949, the epitaph of Fengyan was unearthed from the Fengs' tombs. The stone is 69 cm long

Chinese PinYin : Feng Shi Mu Qun