Yujing ancient kiln site in Yunshan

Yujing ancient kiln site in Yunshan

Located in Yujing village, Yunshan Town, Jiangyong County, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, Yunshan Yujing ancient kiln site is a large-scale kiln site with rich cultural connotation in Song Dynasty, which was discovered in 2000. The kiln site covers an area of 2 square kilometers. The cultural layer is 1-3 meters thick. There are dozens of large, medium and small pottery kilns. There are thousands of kinds of celadon unearthed. Its shape and color painting have strong local characteristics.

The discovery of Yujing ancient kiln site reveals a profound connotation of Yao Han ceramic culture, which shows that the social economy of the Yao people in Qianjiadong had reached a very high level at that time. It is not only the first kiln in southern Hunan, but also the first kiln of ethnic minorities. Yujing ancient kiln site is located in the border of Hunan and Guangxi. It is a precious material for studying the social history and economic development of southern Hunan and the economic and trade exchanges between Hunan and Guangxi in the song and Yuan Dynasties.

In 2013, Yunshan Yujing ancient kiln site was approved as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

historical origin

On the southwest edge of Qianjiadong, the holy land of Yao nationality, there is a Yujing village under the jurisdiction of Yunshan town. Pangang, the ancient place name of Yujing, got its name from the ancient Yao people, belonging to the ancient Qianjiadong Yao people. In 2000, in a place called gangjiaodi beside the village, archaeologists found a large kiln site of Song Dynasty with simple cultural nature and rich cultural connotation, which changed the record that there was no large kiln in southern Hunan in the history of ceramics in China.

Standing on this vast slope, you can see a lot of uplift, covered with Artemisia. Approaching the pile, you can see pieces of pottery all over the ground. It's been unobtrusive here for a long time. Someone once dug out a dish with a blue fish lotus pattern here and filled it with water. The fish seemed to be alive, as if swimming in the water, and sold it in Guangdong market for 10000 yuan. Later, experts excavated here and found a large ancient ceramic kiln site covering an area of about 2 square kilometers, which is the largest civil ceramic production base in southern Hunan.

According to experts' research, there are more than 10 large pottery kilns and more than 30 medium and small pottery kilns scattered all over the ancient kilns. The cultural layer is 1-3 meters thick, which is an important historical and cultural heritage of the Yao nationality. Judging from the texture and pattern of the pottery, it was from Song Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, with strong and distinctive characteristics of the times and Yao nationality. Judging from the existing fragments, there are three small tripods between each finished product, indicating that this is a mass-produced ceramic. If these kilns are started at the same time, at least 1500 workers will be required for one-stop production, including mud extraction, billet stripping, fuel supply, kiln firing and sales. It is estimated that the continuous production history of these kilns was at least 700 years, until the end of the Yuan Dynasty when the imperial court attacked Qianjiadong and forced the Yao people to disperse.

For quite a long time in the past, Yongzhou's ceramic industry should be in a relatively leading position: the original pottery making site in chanyan is the earliest pottery found in the world; it is traditionally believed that Chinese porcelain originated from the Eastern Han Dynasty, while the Warring States black pottery pot with two ears unearthed from yaoziling, Lingling, has obvious characteristics of primitive porcelain; white porcelain originated from the Three Kingdoms period, but the county unearthed a rare white porcelain bowl of the Eastern Han Dynasty Many kiln sites, such as Qingtang, huangyangsi and sanduoting, indicate that Yongzhou was a center of ceramic industry in ancient South China and the Yangtze River Valley.

Ceramic products

The ancient kilns are mainly used to make celadon, with thousands of varieties unearthed. The shapes of the utensils are bowls, dishes, bowls, cups, pots, etc., and the glaze colors are green, black, green, and hawksbill; the patterns of watermelon, fish, birds, etc. painted under the glaze are lifelike and vivid, and the prints are mainly auspicious calligraphy and paintings popular among the people, such as "Fushan Shouhai", "jinyumantang", "Lotus fish pattern", etc. These porcelains are small in shape, compact and thin in texture, and their shapes and color paintings have strong local characteristics. From the site collection of ancient pottery fragments, we can see that the workmanship is fine and the firing technology is superb, which fully shows the economic development and commercial prosperity of the region in the Tang and Song dynasties.

In the history of Yao nationality, Qianjiadong is a landmark birthplace and transit station. During the Qianjiadong period, Yao people were mainly engaged in agricultural economy. They could grow and eat for three years in a year because of the favorable climate, time and land. As a result, they were able to farm in busy farming hours and burn kilns in slack farming hours, so as to ensure the self-sufficiency of daily necessities in the region, and develop the traditional Yao craft of kiln burning to a fairly high level. At the same time, the products of Yujing ancient kiln have obvious craft inheritance relationship with the ceramics of surrounding Han areas, which shows that there was cultural exchange between Yao and Han at that time.

protective measures

In May 2002, the Yujing ancient kiln site in Yunshan was declared as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by Hunan Provincial People's government

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In 2013, Yunshan Yujing ancient kiln site was approved as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Address: Yujing village, Yunshan Town, Jiangyong County, Hunan Province

Longitude: 111.26516756714

Latitude: 25.2801279227

Chinese PinYin : Yun Shan Yu Jing Gu Yao Zhi