Changxi Mausoleum

Changxi Mausoleum

Changxi mausoleum is the mausoleum of empress Xiaohe Rui of emperor Renzong Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty. It was founded in 1851 (the first year of Xianfeng) and completed in 1853 (the third year of Xianfeng). Changxi mausoleum is similar to Muling mausoleum in system. There is no square city and Ming tower on the square platform. Although the building regulations are simple, they have their own peculiarities: first, the caisson in longen hall is painted with Danfeng spreading its wings and soaring alone, while the other rear mausoleums are three lotus flowers with 18 golden spots; second, there is a Yudai River between the back of longen hall and the three gates, on which there are three cross bridges, and the middle one is the jade belt river One is a slab bridge with railings, and the left and right two are flat slab bridges without railings; the third is that the wall in front of the three gates is square, and the north wall behind the three gates is circular, cutting into the straight wall of the three gates. The circular top of the pagoda stands in front of the North arc wall, and the altar stands in the middle gate of the three gates. The arc wall produces a peculiar echo phenomenon of echo wall and echo stone, which is an isolated product of Chinese mausoleum architecture.

Development history

Three li to the west of Changling is changxiling, where the empress Xiaohe Rui of Jiaqing is buried. Changxi mausoleum was first built in 1851 (the first year of Xianfeng) and completed in 1853 (the third year of Xianfeng). It consumed more than 448000 taels of silver. Compared with other mausoleums, the mausoleum is smaller in scale, without Fangcheng, minglou and Yueya. In addition to the Qing Dynasty mausoleum after a variety of Architectural Regulations, but also has unique characteristics. One is the caisson painting in longen hall, which shows the wings of Danfeng and soars alone; the other mausoleums are three lotus flowers with 18 golden dots of water waves. Second, there is a Yuhe River between the rear of longen hall and the three gates. There are three cross bridges on the river, one in the middle has a fence, and the two on the left and right are flat slab bridges without fence. The third is in front of the three gates; the wall is square, the north wall behind the three gates is circular, and cuts into the straight wall of the three gates. The round top stands in front of the North arc wall, and the altar stands in the middle gate of the three gates. There is an echo stone embedded in the middle of the Shinto in front of the Baoding. Visitors can make a sound here, and the sound can be amplified dozens of times underground. On both sides of the arc wall are echo walls. People speak softly in the East. People standing in the West stick their ears to the wall. They can hear people's voice from the East as if they were making a phone call. This phenomenon, which is called Echo and echo wall, is very peculiar.

Changxi mausoleum was built in 1851, the first year of Xianfeng, and completed in 1851, the second year of Xianfeng. It consumed more than 448000 liang of silver. First, the caisson color painting in Longen Hall shows the wings of Danfeng; second, there is a Royal River between the back of longen hall and the three mountains, on which there are three bridges; third, the walls in front of the three gates are square; fourth, there is an echo stone embedded in the middle of the Shinto in front of Baoding, where visitors can make a sound, and the sound can be amplified dozens of times underground. Empress xiaohorui, Niu Hulu, born in Manchuria with yellow flag, is the daughter of Hou gongala. In the first year of Jiaqing (1796), she was granted the title of imperial concubine. In February of the second year, empress xiaoshurui passed away. A hundred days later, the supreme emperor granted niuhulu the title of imperial concubine. In the middle of the palace, the imperial edict said: "since the emperor was appointed, he has been worshipping in the morning and dusk, and I am willing to take pleasure in it. Empress xiaoshurui has also been filial

My heart is filled with joy. Unfortunately, the queen died. I am very sorry. It has been more than a hundred days now. Not only can the emperor's palace not be open for a long time, but also there is no one to serve him in the morning. The emperor's concubines should be listed first. Today's imperial concubine Niu Hulu's family is the one I chose to give to the emperor. His character is very serious, and he can lead others. The imperial concubine Niu Hulu will be canonized as the imperial concubine of the emperor, and the imperial concubine will be appointed as the imperial concubine of the emperor. After 27 months, except for the ceremony of the empress, all the officialdom of the ceremony of the emperor and the concubine will do as usual. " In accordance with the emperor's will, first of all, a hundred days after empress Xiaoshu, a ceremony was held to canonize Niu Hulu as the imperial concubine. 27 months later, in the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Niu Hulu's family was supposed to be crowned Queen as scheduled. Because of the death of the supreme emperor, the ceremony of conferring the title of queen was delayed until three years later, that is, the sixth year of Jiaqing. From then on, his father Gong ala was also granted the first rank by Cheng en Gong Jin. Niuhulu's family had two princes and one daughter; miankai, the third son of the emperor, was Prince Heshuo dunke; mianxin, the fourth son of the emperor, was Prince Heshuo duanhuai; in 1820, Emperor Jiaqing collapsed. After Emperor Daoguang ascended the throne, he honored Niu Hulu as empress dowager, with the emblem of "Gongci". Later, he added the emblem repeatedly.

Main attractions

the echo wall

Among the existing ancient buildings in China, there are two ancient buildings with echo wall and echo stone. One is the temple of heaven in Beijing, and the other is Changxi mausoleum in the Western Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty. Changxi mausoleum was built in 1851-1853 (the second year of Xianfeng). It is the mausoleum of empress xiaohorui, a empress of Aixinjueluo Yiyan (Jiaqing), the fifth emperor of Qing Dynasty. Empress Xiao He Rui, Niu co Lu, born in Manchuria with yellow flag, is the daughter of Hou Gong ala. Before he ascended the throne, she was his side Fu Jin. After he became emperor, she was granted the title of imperial concubine. In February of the second year of Jiaqing, empress xiaoshurui passed away. A hundred days later, Emperor Qianlong granted the title of nucolu as the imperial concubine, and held a ceremony to confer the title of nucolu as the imperial concubine. In the sixth year of Jiaqing period, Niu co Lu was granted the title of queen, and his father Gong ala was also granted the title of first-class marquis by Cheng Si Gong Jin. In July of the 25th year of Jiaqing, he collapsed in Rehe palace of Chengde, and min Ning (Daoguang) succeeded to the throne and granted Xiaohe Zun the title of Empress Dowager. In December of the 29th year of Daoguang, Xiaohe Hong died at the age of 74. At that time, Emperor Daoguang was high and sick in the spring and Autumn period, and he still released the chimera on the 27th.

occupant of a tomb

In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), it was built by Xiaohe. After completion, it was buried in the underground palace of Fengan. His posthumous title is "empress Shengrui of emperor renzheng Tianxi, Emperor Qinshun, kangyu'an", who once had two sons and one daughter. The Changxi mausoleum is not as grand and magnificent as the Taidong Mausoleum of empress xiaoshengxian (Emperor Qianlong's biological mother), nor as luxurious as the dingdong Mausoleum of empress Cixi. It is similar to the elegant style of Emperor Daoguang's mausoleum.

From front to back, the buildings in longen gate are higher than each other. The front of the mausoleum wall is round, which means "the sky is round and the place is round". In front of Baoding platform, the seventh stone slab on Shinto is an echo stone. When you stand on it and speak, you can hear a loud echo no matter how loud your voice is. The Luoguo wall around the top of the pagoda is the echo wall. If two people stand at the East and West ends of the pagoda and whisper in front of the wall, their voice is as clear as a telephone call, which is amazing. The composition of the echo stone and the echo wall of Changxi mausoleum is a new creation of the Qing Dynasty architects who applied the acoustic principle to the mausoleum architecture. Luoguo wall is a semicircle, and the wavelength of sound wave is less than the radius of the wall. The sound wave continuously reflects along the wall in a Cambodian shape, and people standing at both ends of the wall can hear each other's voice. Changxi mausoleum, built from 1851 to 1853, is the mausoleum of empress xiaohorui of emperor Jiaqing. It's not luxurious, but it's unique: the Luoguo wall around the top of the pagoda is the echo wall. If two people stand at the East and West ends of the pagoda, and speak softly on the wall, the sound will be very clear. This is an orphan in a Chinese mausoleum. In addition to the echo wall, there are also echo stones. In front of Baoding platform, the seventh stone slab on Shinto is an "echo stone" (the one surrounded by iron railings in the picture). When you stand on it and speak, you can hear a loud echo regardless of the sound. Emperor Jiaqing had 14 empresses, concubines, concubines, Chang Zai and Xiang, who were buried in Changling, changxiling and Changfei's garden respectively.

The origin of the tomb owner

Empress xiaoherui (November 20, 1776 - January 23, 1850), Niu Hulu, a native of Manchuria inlaid with yellow flag, was the second empress of emperor Jiaqing and the longest reigning empress in the history of Qing Dynasty. The daughter of gongala, the Minister of rites and the third class Duke of Chengen, belongs to the branch of Hongyi mansion.

In the 54th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, in the 57th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, he was accused of marrying Prince Jia as Bian Fujin, in order to make up for the position of Wang Wanyan.

Qianlong 58 years (1793) on June 26, the birth of the emperor's seven daughters, unnamed, young Shang, unsealed.

On June 22, 1795, the 60th year of Qianlong, miankai, the third son of the emperor, was born.

On the fourth day of the first month of Jiaqing, she was canonized as a concubine.

On May 20, the second year of Jiaqing, he was ordered by the supreme emperor to succeed the imperial concubine Niu Hulu to the throne of Zhonggong, and was first canonized as the imperial concubine.

On April 18, the fourth year of Jiaqing, Emperor Jiaqing ordered the cabinet to hold the ceremony of emperor and concubine selecting empress after the sixth year of Jiaqing.

On April 15, the sixth year of Jiaqing, a ceremony was held.

On the ninth day of February in the 10th year of Jiaqing (1805), mianxin, the fourth son of the emperor, was born.

In July of the 25th year of Jiaqing, she was honored as empress dowager. The only empress dowager in the Qing Dynasty was honored as the emperor's stepmother. On the second day of December, the palace held a ceremony of honoring the Empress Dowager. Niu Hulu's family became empress dowager Gongci.

In the second year of Daoguang reign, Emperor Xuanzong proposed to add the empress's emblem, adding the word "Kangyu" on November 27. In the eighth year of Daoguang, because Xinjiang was to be pacified, it was proposed to add the emblem, and the word "an Cheng" was added on the eighth day of November. In the fourteenth year of Daoguang reign, Emperor Xuanzong proposed to add the empress's emblem, adding the word Zhuang Hui on October 21. In the 15th year of Daoguang, empress Xiaohe and Rui proposed to add the emblem of longevity in her 60th birthday, and the word Shouxi was added on the 9th of October. In the 25th year of Daoguang reign, empress Xiaohe and Rui proposed to add the emblem at her 70th birthday, and the word Chongqi was added on the 6th of October.

He died in Shoukang Palace on December 11, the 29th year of Daoguang at the age of 74.

On the first day of March in the thirtieth year of Daoguang reign, Empress Dowager Gong went up to the Great Xing emperor and honored her posthumous title with the title of "filial piety, benevolence, kang'an, empress Shengrui of Tianxi". September 22, plus

Chinese PinYin : Chang Xi Ling