Jinshan

San Francisco

synonym

Jinshan (San Francisco, USA) generally refers to San Francisco (California, USA)

San Francisco, also known as San Francisco and San Francisco, is a port city along the Pacific coast of California in the United States. It is a world-famous tourist attraction and the fourth largest city in California.

San Francisco is close to Silicon Valley, a world-famous high-tech industrial zone. It is one of the most important high-tech R & D bases in the world and the most important financial center on the west coast of the United States. It is also the birthplace of the United Nations (1945 Charter of the United Nations).

San Francisco has a Mediterranean climate. It has the world-famous San Francisco Bay area, Golden Gate Bridge and fisherman's Wharf. It is warm in winter and cool in summer, and has abundant sunshine. It is close to many American National Parks (such as Yosemite National Park) and Napa Valley, the wine producing area of California. It is often known as "the most popular city among Americans".

It was discovered by the Spanish in 1769 and joined the United States in 1848. In the mid-19th century, it developed rapidly in the gold rush. The overseas Chinese called it "Jinshan". Later, it was renamed "San Francisco" to distinguish it from Melbourne (New Jinshan) in Australia.

As of July 2018, San Francisco has a population of about 880000, including 180000 Chinese Americans, which is one of the areas with the highest Chinese population density in the Western Hemisphere, and the total number of Chinese is second only to New York.

San Francisco Bay area is one of the most important science, education and cultural centers in the world. Its world-famous universities include the public university of California, Berkeley and the private Stanford University, as well as the world's top medical center, the University of California, San Francisco.

As of March 2020, more than 100 Nobel Prize winners (Berkeley 107, Stanford 83, etc.) and many fields prize winners (Berkeley 14, Stanford 8), Turing prize winners (Stanford 28, Berkeley 25) have studied or worked here; and about 200 Olympic champions have left the San Francisco Bay area.

Since the 20th century, the bay area has been one of the centers of hippie culture, modern liberalism and Progressivism in the United States. It has the largest art college in the United States, the San Francisco University of the arts.

name

Name in Chinese Translation

San Francisco

As for the name of San Francisco, it is taken from the homophonic literal translation of the first two syllables "San Fran" of the city's English name, which is commonly used by many Cantonese ethnic groups living here. For example, Sun Yat Sen, the father of the Republic of China who was born in Guangdong, mentioned the city in his works and letters.

San Francisco

San Francisco is a common place name in the area once ruled by Spain. It is named after San Francesco d'Assisi, founder of Franciscans.

San Francisco

In the 19th century, it was the center of the gold rush in the United States. In the early days, most Chinese laborers lived here and called it "Golden Mountain". However, after the discovery of gold in Melbourne, Australia, they changed their name to San Francisco in order to make a difference from Melbourne, which is called "new Golden Mountain".

dispute

For a long time, the Chinese translation of the city of San Francisco has been a bit confusing in the absence of a clear official policy.

Both VOA and the state department use "San Francisco.". Today, most of the foreign affairs units in the city with official Chinese names use the term "San Francisco", such as the Consulate General of the people's Republic of China in San Francisco. In the official documents and maps of the people's Republic of China, San Francisco is often referred to as "San Francisco". However, in the Chinese version of the official websites of the San Francisco municipal government (sfgov) and its subordinate municipal units at all levels, there are two different translations of "San Francisco" and "San Francisco" respectively, and there is no consistent standard. This phenomenon is also generally reflected in the Chinese communities living in the city The use of group is customary.

Historical evolution

Early development

Europeans came to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1542, and the old golden mountain area belonged to the Spanish province of upper California in the 16th century. Don Gaspar de Portola, the Spanish general, led his men to explore the terrain in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1769. On March 28, 1776, the Spanish explorer Juan Bautista De Anza chose two buildable sites, one for military use and the other for missionary use. However, the actual construction was supervised by Anza's two companions, Lieutenant Jose Joaquin Moraga and father Francisco Palou. Josejoaquin Moraga is responsible for the establishment of the military base, the Presidio of San Francisco, which has been transformed into a fortress park. Francisco pal ó u was responsible for the establishment of the church, which he named Mission San Francisco de asis in Assisi, commonly known as Mission Dolores. All administrative affairs in the district are managed by the church.

In 1821, Mexico became independent from Spain, and upper California became Mexican territory. After independence, the power of the church in Mexico gradually weakened, and the land owned by the church gradually became private. William Richardson, from England, built his first private house in 1835 in the western part of the peninsula, which is now located at the corner of the garden at the junction of Chinatown and the financial district. With the help of others, Richardson began to plan the market near the house, which he called Yerba Buena. After the outbreak of the war between Mexico and the United States, Brigadier General John D. Sloat of the U.S. Navy came here and occupied the city in the name of the United States in 1846. On January 30, 1847, Captain John B. Montgomery renamed the City San Francisco.

Building a city for the people

San Francisco, formerly known as Yeva Buena, also known as San Francisco, was named by Mexicans in Spanish in 1847. At that time, there were only more than 800 residents here. It was originally a Spanish colonial stronghold, which was later taken over by Mexico and occupied by the US Army at the time of the US Mexico war. In January 1848, when a carpenter was building a sawmill in Sacramento Valley, he found gold in the water that drove the waterwheel. The news spread like wildfire and triggered a gold rush all over the world. In just three months, San Francisco's population soared by 25000. Many of them were sold as coolies here to dig gold and build railways. Since then, a large number of Chinese workers have settled here, and they call this city San Francisco (to distinguish the new golden mountain of Australia). The strongest point of San Francisco is the enthusiasm of immigrants, which is an intoxicating culture; distinctive Italians, Brazilians, Spaniards, Chinese and so on, with different settlements dotted the land of California.

Gold Rush

In January 1848, after the discovery of gold in Sutter's mill in northeastern California, the news spread quickly. In August of the same year, the news of the discovery of gold in California spread to New York in the East, and many people from all over the world began to rush into the port of San Francisco who wanted to get rich overnight. Since 1849, the gold rush in California has really started. People from other parts of the United States and other countries have come to California by boat or from inland to realize their dream of gold rush. The passengers, sailors and even captains on the ship get off the ship and immediately go to sutherfield. At that time, sailing boats can be seen everywhere in the port of San Francisco, while the population of the urban area soared overnight. It also increased San Francisco's population from 500 to 150000 between 1847 and 1870. Later, the so-called San Francisco 49 people were those who came to San Francisco from all over the world in 1849 to get rich overnight. At that time, in addition to speculators from all over the world who came to realize the dream of gold panning, many people opened stores in San Francisco to provide supplies needed by gold panners. Some companies at that time still exist today, including Levi Strauss, who made Levi's jeans (1873), Ghirardelli (1852), Folgers Coffee (1850), Wells Fargo (1852), Bank of California (1864). Before the discovery of gold in 1848, California still belonged to the territory of Mexico. In February of the same year, after Mexico was defeated in the U.S. - Mexico war, California became the territory of the United States. California officially became the 31st state of the federal government in 1850, and San Francisco was the first state

Chinese PinYin : Jin Shan