Memorial Hall of the Chinese people's Anti Japanese military and Political University

Memorial Hall of the Chinese people's Anti Japanese military and Political University

The memorial hall of the Chinese people's Anti Japanese University (hereinafter referred to as "Anti Japanese university") is located in the former site of Anti Japanese university in beierdao street, Yan'an City.

"Anti Japanese university" is a school founded by the Communist Party of China to train military and political cadres during the Anti Japanese war. Its predecessor was "Red Army University", which was renamed as "Red Army University" at the beginning of 1937. Its address was in Yan'an. Mao Zedong was the chairman of the Education Committee of the Anti Japanese university. He set the education policy of "firm and correct political direction, hard work style, flexible strategy and tactics" and the school spirit of "unity, tension, seriousness and liveliness".

The memorial hall of the Chinese people's Anti Japanese military and political university is a special memorial hall built to commemorate the historical achievements of the Chinese people's Anti Japanese military and Political University. It belongs to Yan'an Cultural Relics Bureau. The Anti Japanese university memorial hall was named "National Patriotic Education Exhibition base" by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee in 2001 and "national defense education base" by the Central Military Commission in 2002.

The memorial hall covers an area of about 2000 square meters, with an exhibition area of 1086 square meters. It shows the founding and development of the Anti Japanese university in chronological order during the Anti Japanese War, and describes its great historical achievements and important role in China's socialist construction.

In December 2016, the memorial hall of the Chinese people's Anti Japanese military and Political University was listed in the National Red Tourism classic scenic spot list.

Construction history

The predecessor of the Anti Japanese military and political university is the Red Army University established in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province. The chairman of the education committee is Mao Zedong. Lin Biao is the president and Liu Bocheng is the vice president. At first, the students of the Anti Japanese university were mainly middle and senior cadres of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army. Later, they also recruited patriotic youths who rushed to Yan'an from outside the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region.

On June 1, 1936, the predecessor of the Anti Japanese military and Political University, the Red Army University, was renamed the Chinese people's Anti Japanese Red Army University, which was established in Baoan county. The main cadres, including President Lin Biao, director of education Luo Ruiqing, training Minister Liu Yalou and School Affairs Minister Yang Zhicheng, were transferred by Mao Zedong from the first front army of the Red Army. Liu Bocheng, vice president, was soon transferred to the post of commander of the Western aid army and was not in charge of the Anti Japanese war. The first period was called the first period of the red University, and later it was directly transferred to the first period of the Anti Japanese university. The first scientific officers of the first phase are army level cadres and some division level cadres of the Red Army, who are transferred by President Lin Biao. The security school building is a cave dug by the students themselves.

In 1937, the Anti Japanese military and Political University moved to Yan'an. The length of schooling ranges from four months to six months, eight months, one year or more. The length of schooling of the first and second periods of the university is only about half a year, and the eighth period is more than three years. These graduates soon became the backbone of the newly formed Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army.

In 1937, 5000 people, including the general school of Anti Japanese university and Shanbei public school, moved to the Anti Japanese base in Southeast Shanxi (Taihang base) under the leadership of vice president Luo Ruiqing. He left the third branch of Anti Japanese university in Northern Shaanxi. During the Anti Japanese War, each big base area set up a branch school of Anti Japanese university. Generally, the person in charge of the base area concurrently served as the president.

During the nine-year period from the founding of the University in 1936 to the end of 1945, the general school trained eight periods of cadres, established 12 branch schools, 5 army middle schools and 1 attached middle school. In the arduous and complex war environment, the general school of Anti Japanese University moved around and changed its site several times. This practice implies that the KMT and the CPC are actively expanding military academies and preparing military cadres.

In October 1945, under the leadership of vice president he Changgong, the general school of the Anti Japanese University moved to the northeast and was renamed "northeast military and Political University of the Chinese people's Liberation Army". Each branch has set up military and political universities in North China, East China and southwest China.

In January 1936, after the long march of the central red army arrived at the Shaanxi Gansu revolutionary base, the cadre regiment of the Central Red Army and the Northern Shaanxi Red Army School merged to form the "Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army School", which was soon renamed the "Northwest Anti Japanese Red Army University", with Zhou Kun as president and Yuan Guoping as political commissar. In June 1936, it was renamed "China Anti Japanese Red Army University" (hereinafter referred to as "red University"), with Lin Biao as president, Mao Zedong as political commissar, and Luo Ruiqing as chief educator. It consists of senior subjects, superior subjects, and general subjects (also known as the first, second, and third subjects). On December 7, Lin Biao was the president and political commissar of the red University, and Liu Bocheng was the vice president. In January 1937, "red University" moved from Bao'an (Jin Zhidan) to Yan'an with the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, and was renamed "Chinese people's Anti Japanese military and Political University".

The former site of Yan'an general school of Anti Japanese university has no original buildings. In 1964, a museum of the history of the Anti Japanese university was built on the original site. It was on display in October 1966 and closed to the public after the September 13 incident in 1971.

In 2003, under the appeal of the people all over the country, especially the old alumni of the Anti Japanese university, the memorial hall was rebuilt and officially opened on September 30, 2004.

Reasons for establishment

The memorial hall of the Chinese people's Anti Japanese military and political university is a special memorial hall built to commemorate the historical achievements of the Chinese people's Anti Japanese military and Political University.

Major exhibitions

The total construction area of the memorial hall is 1800 square meters, of which the exhibition hall accounts for 1200 square meters. It is divided into six units and two exhibition rooms. The first floor exhibition hall displays the first, second and third units; the second floor exhibition hall displays the fourth, fifth and sixth units. A total of 162 pieces of cultural relics, 445 precious historical documents, photos and rich charts and materials were exhibited. By using artistic techniques such as halfview painting, scene restoration and simulation sculpture, as well as advanced technologies such as high technology and multimedia, and integrating sound, light and electricity, the historical features of Kangda are fully displayed to the audience, and the fighting course and brilliant achievements of Kangda are vividly reproduced.

In the design of the exhibition wall, the architectural language symbols with the local characteristics of Northern Shaanxi are taken as the artistic elements, and the Kangda cave is artistically shaped into different forms of exhibition walls, which are appropriately interspersed with light boxes, exhibition booths, landscape scenes, background walls, etc., with a distinct regional and contemporary sense. At the same time, combined with the background of the times, the "desk type" and "millstone type" display cabinets are designed to vividly show the hard and lively campus life of the Anti Japanese university. In order to prevent the exhibits from being damaged by natural light, the lighting design mainly adopts artificial lighting, supplemented by local natural light, and highlights the lighting of landscape and key cultural relics, so as to make the light bright and overall soft, and set off the harmony and unity of the overall display content and environment.

Major honors

In 2001, it was named "National Patriotic Education Exhibition base" by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, and in 2002, it was named "national defense education base" by the Central Military Commission

The Anti Japanese university memorial hall has become the Yan'an teaching base of National Defense University of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, the on-the-spot experience teaching point of Yan'an Cadre College of China, the teaching base of Xi'an University of political science, the Air Force Engineering University, and the Yan'an police and people to build a red tourist attraction. It has also become a national patriotism, revolutionary tradition and cultural center with the primary school affiliated to Yan'an Normal University and Mao anying Youth Education Center Yan'an is an important part of the three major education.

Since its opening, the memorial has received nearly 200000 visitors. It has been widely praised by leaders at all levels and all walks of life. CCTV international reports on the theme of "Red Tour" at 20 o'clock every day, CCTV's seven military channels "back to Yan'an" and some TV stations, radio stations and Yan'an TV stations in various provinces and autonomous regions; culture and art daily, Yan'an daily and Chinese business daily report on the situation of the Anti Japanese University Memorial.

tourist guide

Address: former site of Kangda, beierdao street, Yan'an City

Opening hours: Monday to Sunday, 8:00-17:30

Admission: 15 yuan / person

Soldiers in active service, primary and secondary school students in the city, holders of senior citizen's certificate and disabled person's certificate are free of charge.

Address: 50m north of the intersection of central lane and CCB lane, Baota District, Yan'an City

Longitude: 109.48657

Latitude: 36.598274

Tel: 0911-2125057

Ticket information: free.

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Guo Ren Min Kang Ri Jun1 Zheng Da Xue Ji Nian Guan