Jiang Shouju garden pool

Jiang Shouju garden pool

Built in 596 ad, xinjiangshouju garden pool is one of the oldest gardens in northern China. Its layout design and construction art occupy a unique position in the history of gardens, and it is a national key protected cultural relic. The only existing garden of Sui Dynasty in China. On December 9, 2009, Jiangshouju garden pool was selected as "national key Park".

In February 2020, in honor of medical workers, the scenic spot will be open to medical workers from the end of the epidemic to December 31, 2020.

brief introduction

Jiangshou lives in Yuanchi, behind the school of Xinjiang Middle School. It is 174.9 meters long from east to west and 95.45 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of 16594.21 square meters. It is a key cultural relics protection unit in Shanxi Province. Jiangshouju garden is Jiangzhou Jiefu garden, which is a place for the Taishou, bureaucrats, literati and their wives and children to play

.

history

This garden, commonly known as "Sui Dynasty garden", "Sui garden", "lotus pond", "Xinjiang garden" and "Juyuan pond", was first built in 596 of the 16th year of emperor kaihuang of the Sui Dynasty and was initiated by Linfen Linggui, a general of the internal army. At that time, as an official, he observed the situation of the people. He saw that the wind was not good and the rain was not good. Drought often threatened the people. Near the city, the well water was salty and salty. He could neither drink nor irrigate the countryside. So he drew cool spring water from gudui spring, which was 30 Li north of the county. He opened 12 irrigation canals, most of which irrigated the fields along the way, and a small part of which flowed into the "tooth city" of the then governor After that, it flowed into the streets and suburbs, solving the problem of drinking water and irrigating the countryside. In the first year of Daye (605), Emperor Yang's younger brother, Wang Liang of Han Dynasty, rebelled. Xue Ya and Wen Xi of Jiangzhou lived in Gaoyuan to resist the Sui army's request. Therefore, a large pool was formed. As a result, Zhongjian Huilian pavilion was planted with bamboo, wood, flowers and willows beside it. Therefore, the "Haowang Caihou" built a "Tai Ting marsh pool" here. After several modifications, the prototype of "Juyuan pool" was formed. Jiangshouju garden has been built and maintained in Sui, Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. After more than 1300 years of changes and fashion pursuit, it has formed several major patterns and features, and has become an important material for the study of Chinese garden history. From the "natural landscape garden" in Sui and Tang Dynasties to the "architectural landscape garden" in song and Yuan Dynasties, to the "freehand landscape garden" in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the unique landscape of northern China has been formed. It shows the unique artistic features of gardening in different times. The landscape of the Sui and Tang Dynasties has disappeared. We can only find the general appearance from the record of Jiang Shou Ju Yuan Chi written by Mr. Fan Zongshi, the governor of Jiangzhou in the third year of Changqing (823) of emperor Mu Zong of Tang Dynasty. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the construction of garden pool was mainly based on water, and the water area accounted for more than a quarter of the whole garden. It was a typical "natural landscape garden" in northern China. There are five pavilions, one hall and one entrance gate in the garden. The architectural form is simple and clear.

Water from the northwest into the garden pool, forming a hanging waterfall, spray beads splash jade. Ziwu bridge in the pool runs through the north and south. A pavilion in the bridge is called Huilian Pavilion. It stands tall and looks like a mirage from afar. Beside the pool, the grass, rose, green vine and red thorn complement each other. In the south of the pool, there are well shaped pavilions, wooden corridors with vertical lattice windows, and "incense Pavilion" stands in the middle, connecting with the bedroom of the prefect. In the southwest of the pool, there is a "tiger and leopard gate" connected with the state Yamen. On the left wall, there is a picture of tigers fighting with wild boars. On the right, there is a picture of Hu Ren training leopards. There are "new pavilion" and "huaiting" in the East and west of the pool. The canal water flowing to the East flows through the "Wangyue canal". At the end, it is the "Bo Pavilion" with spreading branches and dense shade. Due east is "cangtang". Looking west at the water, the pear trees in the water are sparkling. Due north is the "wind dike" across the East and West, leaning against the canal and nestling in the pool, watching the pool. The railings and columns in the South Pavilion reflect the water, like the flickering of candles, like the winding of dragons, like the floating waves of turtles. It's really colorful. The highland in the northwest of "cangtang" is called "aozayuan". The scenery is amazing. The open sky and boundless scenery, together with the music of Xiao Sheng and Qin Yun, make you feel pleasant and forget the noise.

"Cangtang" West is a dense pear forest, here called "white shore", every pear blossom, such as plain clothes girl dancing. The layout of juyuanchi in Tang Dynasty was mainly composed of water, landform units such as yuan, Xi, Di, Gu, he and Tang as the skeleton, plants such as flowers and trees, cypress and locust trees as the theme, and a few garden buildings for recreation, which constituted the unique style of gardens in Tang Dynasty.

Juyuanchi in Song Dynasty has been greatly improved on the basis of Tang Dynasty, but with the change of history, it is also submerged in the rolling dust. The outline can be found only in the record of re carving jiangshouyuanchi written by sun Chong, the general judge of Jiangzhou in the sixth year of Xianping (1003) of Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the water surface of the garden pool was greatly reduced. At that time, the "cangtang" was submerged, and the buildings in the garden had increased from five pavilions, one hall and veranda, and one gate to twelve pavilions, one temple and one gate. On the pool, a high bridge is built. In the pool, the beautiful hibiscus, the swimming fish and the exquisite rocks form another landscape. No wonder Fan Zhongyan wrote in his poem "juyuanchi" that "the fish in the pond may jump to gold, and the curtain of water often rains. Strange cypress lock dragon, ugly stone leopard tiger. The flowers smile and the Chuiyang dance freely. The quiet environment is connected with the immortals, and the clear Yin does not know the heat. The method of garden construction has changed from "natural landscape garden" in Tang Dynasty to "architectural landscape garden".

The garden restored in Song Dynasty was destroyed in the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty. In Ming Dynasty, due to political stability and economic recovery, the garden was rebuilt again. In the first year of Zhengde (1506) of Ming Dynasty, Han Zhe of Zhizhou rebuilt Huilian Pavilion; in the 15th year of Zhengde (1520), Li Wenjie of Zhizhou built "Jiahe tower".

In 1899, based on the Yuanchi site, Li Shouzhi, the magistrate of the state of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, added buildings and pavilions, canals and ponds, just like the old system. After the construction of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, according to the pursuit of fashion, "natural landscape garden" has added the artistic conception of "freehand landscape garden".

The basic appearance of the existing garden pool is that it was rebuilt by Li Shouzhi in the Qing Dynasty and then built in the early years of the Republic of China. The garden pool is long from east to west and narrow from north to south. A meridian beam (corridor) runs through the north and south of the garden pool, which is high and uplifted. The garden pool is divided into East and west parts. According to the different plants and flowers, the whole garden is divided into four scenic spots: spring, summer, autumn and winter. On the west side of Yongdao Road, "Huilian Pavilion" stands on the South Bank of Furong pool. In summer, the red lotus is covered with a green cover, sending the fragrance of lotus root. In the "Huilian Pavilion", you can drink, play chess and play the piano. In the Lotus Village, you can feel the cold of stone bones. This is the "summer scene" of the garden. Around the "Huilian Pavilion", there is a half pavilion with double eaves in the middle of the west wall of the garden pool. Around the half Pavilion, there are many bamboos, flowers and trees. In winter, the snow pressure and green bamboos swaying in the wind are another artistic conception. This is the "winter scenery" of the garden pool.

There is a garden pavilion on the east of ziwuliang and jiahelou. It is said that it is the former site of songwu Pavilion in Song Dynasty. The spring jasmine flowers are widely planted around the pavilion. When the spring flowers are in full bloom, the yellow spring Jasmine ornaments the pavilion. It's better to have a few bamboos and flowers on the ninth or tenth day of spring, and to have fun with Lianglong. This is the "spring scene" of the garden. The pond in the east of Yuanchi is the former site of "cangtang" in fan Zongshi's Yuanchi records. There are "two islands" in the middle, and "isolated island" in the west, with wooden bridge connecting the bank. In the East is the "humble Pavilion", which is connected by zigzag stone dykes. On the island, there are four corners of "Maoting". In late autumn, in a pool of autumn water, the golden wind blows, and Zhou Qiuju is independent in the wind. This is the "autumn scenery" of the garden. "Maoting" has "banjielou" in the northeast and "huluguang tomb" in the southeast. "Humble Pavilion" north of the "moon platform.".

These buildings greatly expand the artistic conception of "close garden" by "borrowing scenery method". The gardens of Ming and Qing Dynasties, from Li Wenjie in Zhengde of Ming Dynasty to Li Shouzhi in Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, have been constructed several times. There are many pavilions and pavilions in the gardens, with beautiful buildings, rockeries, clear water, flowers, ancient cypresses, winding paths and bridges, and beautiful scenery. It has a long history. It is the oldest famous garden in ancient gardens, with cultural relic value and garden art Value is an important material of garden art. At present, the topography of the garden is basically preserved, and the overall scale, layout, shape, pond channel and pavilion position are still clear.

Culture

Jiangshouju garden is located in the northwest high wall of the city. It was built in the 16th year of emperor kaihuang of Sui Dynasty (596 AD), and has a history of more than 1400 years. It is the only existing official garden of Sui Dynasty in China. Wang yeqiu, the former director of the State Administration of cultural relics, wrote an article in people's daily in 1960 after visiting Jiang's residence in Yuanchi, and there was a special chapter in the history of ancient gardening in Japan. The garden pool has rich cultural accumulation. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, many literati, such as Cen Shen, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Mei Yaochen, etc., wrote poems and Fu here, leaving a large number of literary and ink couplets. Fan Zhongyan, a statesman and litterateur in the Northern Song Dynasty, praised Yuanchi with a good saying of "tranquility, harmony and immortality, elimination of yin and ignorance of heat". Since the Tang Dynasty, the garden pool has been restored many times, forming the four scenic spots of spring, summer, autumn and winter. Among them, famous trees and flowers are planted separately. Among them are the tiger and leopard gate, Huilian Pavilion, Huilian pool, Banting, Xiangting, Jiahe tower, wangyuetai, banjielou, etc. In the garden, the winding paths lead to secluded, simple and elegant, the scenery is pleasant, and the pavilions and pavilions are well arranged. Such a freehand landscape garden comparable with Suzhou gardens has attracted countless celebrities and scholars to see the fairyland scenery.

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Shou Ju Yuan Chi