Zhangzhou Tulou

Zhangzhou Tulou

Zhangzhou Tulou is located in the mountainous areas of Nanjing, Hua'an, Pinghe, Zhao'an, Yunxiao and Zhangpu. It is known as "mythical Mountain Architecture" because of its peculiar shape and unique style.

Architectural features

The predecessor of Tulou is the barracks, castles and cottage buildings when Chen Yuanguang opened Zhangzhou in Tang Dynasty. It is the product of the special social environment of "the entrance and exit of foreign invaders, the internal strife of Thieves" in Southern Fujian. Zhangzhou Tulou is mainly made of raw soil, mixed with lime, fine sand, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo slices, wooden strips, etc. it is generally three to five stories high. The first floor is the kitchen, the second floor is the warehouse, and the third floor is the living room. It can live for 200 to 700 people. It has the characteristics of living together, anti-theft, shockproof, anti animal, fire prevention, moisture-proof, ventilation and lighting, warm in winter and cool in summer Point. There are many earth buildings in Zhangzhou, with more than 800 in total. The oldest is qiyunlou in shajian town of Hua'an County. It is the oldest earthen building with the age of quehuangjieche, which was built in the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1371). The largest earthen building is zaitianlou in Gongpi township of Zhao'an County, which is 94.5 meters in diameter. It is known as "super earthen building". The earthen building has various shapes, including round square, oval, half moon, chair, umbrella, umbrella and so on The most peculiar shape of windmill and Bagua is the earth building in tianluokeng, Shuyang Township, Nanjing County. It is composed of five earth buildings, one square, one ellipse, three circles. It is magnificent and shocking.

There are nearly 2000 Tulou dwellings in Zhangzhou, and more than 1300 in Nanjing County alone, which can be called the Tulou kingdom. It is also the place with the most earth buildings in China.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the people of the Yuan Dynasty withdrew from the outside of the pass, but the coastal pirates and pirates invaded the cities and counties of Zhangzhou repeatedly, robbing, burning and killing, and the people were uneasy. Many villages imitated the model of Acropolis and gathered their families to build earth buildings to defend themselves. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong led the army and Qing soldiers to wage a tug of war in Southern Fujian, and many earth buildings and stone buildings were built to make a living.

Zhangzhou Tulou has round, square, rectangle, ellipse, arc, octagonal, curvilinear, Wufeng, etc., a large number of square and round buildings. Zhangzhou Tulou dwellings first appeared in the Yuan Dynasty. Yong'an building in Shiqiao village, Shuyang Township, Nanjing was built in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty. Yuchang building and Jiguang building in liaocun village, the second edition of Shuyang, were built in the late Yuan Dynasty (around 1368), more than 600 years ago. According to the statistics of Nanjing County, there are 27 Tulou built more than 400 years ago, 37 Tulou built more than 300 years ago and more than 130 Tulou built more than 200 years ago. The largest Tulou is Yuchang building in Shuyang Township, which has five floors, 54 rooms on each floor and 270 rooms in total. The tallest Tulou is the square and guilou in Meilin Township, with 140 rooms, five stories and 21.5 meters high.

Most of the Tulou dwellings are located in the hillside or valley near the mountains and rivers, or in the harmonious geographical environment of mountains, water, fields and buildings. Tianliaokeng Tulou group in Shuyang Township, hekeng Tulou group in Qujiang village, tahia Tulou group, xiabanliao Tulou group and Houqiao Tulou group are all built along the stream on the hillside and valley, with beautiful natural environment and unique characteristics of rural scenery in Southern Fujian.

Tulou honor

In July 2008, Fujian Tulou was officially listed in the world heritage list. In 2010, it was listed as a national 4A scenic spot. In 2011, Fujian Tulou · Nanjing scenic spot won another award and was successfully promoted to national 5A.

Main attractions

Huaiyuan building

Huaiyuan building, built in 1909, is located in changxiaokanxia village, Meilin Township, Nanjing County. It is a medium-sized garden building with exquisite architecture and good preservation. In 1988, it was listed as a county cultural relics protection unit. The building is 13 meters high and 38 meters in diameter. The bottom floor of the building is built by river pebbles and concrete. It is more than 3 meters high, and the wall is solid and firm. There are 34 rooms on each floor and 136 rooms on the fourth floor. The room is 3.1 meters wide and 3.5 meters deep. From the first floor to the fourth floor, there are open corridors with sufficient light and air circulation. There are many small windows on the fourth floor for defensive shooting. There are four outposts on the fourth floor, which highlight the defense function.

The gate of Huaiyuan building is a circular patio. Just opposite the gate is a ancestral hall with "four frames and three rooms", which is called "Si Shi Shi", and it is also a private school for children to study. "Si Shi Shi" architecture is exquisite, carved beams and painted buildings, elegant and elegant. In the hall, there is a pair of gold couplets in seal script: "after the moon, the flowers move their shadows, and the sound comes from the wind. The book has a thousand ancient meanings, and the flower is the heart of wood. "Si Shi Shi Shi" is full of scholarly flavor, reflecting the aspiration of "farming, reading and inheriting".

"Huaiyuan building" was built by Jane's family. There are 115 people in 18 families.

Changyuan building

Located in Shiqiao village, Shuyang Township, Nanjing County, Changyuan building was built in 1723, the first year of Yongzheng reign in Qing Dynasty. Changyuan building is a square earth building, which is located on the Bank of Xixi tributary of Jiulong River and built according to the slope of the bank. It forms a garden of green hills, green water, earth buildings and other people. The wall of changyuanlou near the stream is built with river pebbles from the Bank of the stream. It has only one floor and ten bays. The central main building has three floors and thirteen bays. The two wings are composed of two and three floors, forming a square earth building with low front and high back, which is also called "jiaoyilou" by local people. In order to prevent invasion, the first floor is closed around, with only one gate on the left. There is a patio in the building. In the middle of the patio is the ancestral hall. On both sides of the ancestral hall are kitchens and warehouses. On the second and third floors are bedrooms. There is an open corridor with wide vision and excellent ventilation and lighting. The whole building of Changyuan building is in accordance with the landform and integrates with the natural environment, reflecting the intelligence and skills of earth building. Japanese architecture experts call Changyuan building "sloping earth building". Domestic scholars of Tulou think it is a variant of wufenglou. There are 53 Changyuan buildings in total, and there are 30 people living in seven families of the Zhang family. The number of descendants of this building who are overseas Chinese in Taiwan or abroad is far more than those who stay in their ancestral home.

Hegui building

Hegui building, located in Pushan village, Meilin Township, was built in 1732, the 10th year of Yongzheng reign of Qing Dynasty. It is the highest rectangular earth building in Nanjing County. The building is 5 floors and 21.5 meters high. Each floor has 28 rooms, a total of 140 rooms. There is a gate in the middle of the building, and there are stairs up and down in the East, West, North and south.

The patio is paved with pebbles, and there is a well on the left and right. The water source is sufficient for the whole building.

In the middle of the courtyard, there are three one hall style schools. On the door of the school, there is a wooden plaque inscribed with the four characters of "prosper the school and benefit the rear", reflecting the great aspiration of the ancestors of hegui building to respect learning and education and cultivate talents. Hegui building is tall and magnificent, majestic and solid, which is similar to the ancient city building. There are 22 families and more than 120 people living in the building.

Yuchang tower

Yuchang building is located in Shangjie community of Banliao village in Shuyang country. It was built in the late Yuan Dynasty. It has five floors and 270 rooms. It is the oldest and largest round building. The original site of the building was a swamp. After the building was completed, it was dumped. After that, a large number of pine reinforced piles were driven and rebuilt. The wall thickness of the building was 1.5 meters. The walls inside the building were all built with Chinese fir. Because of its long history, the wooden columns of the corridor in the building are partly inclined, but they can still stand the test of repeated earthquakes. A semicircular two-story building is built in the large patio of Yuchang building. There are 13 wells in the building, which are all dug in the kitchen. The water source is full, and the bucket can be lifted to the water one meter below the well. Yuchang building is close to the mountain and the river, with a quiet environment. There are 110 people from 18 families with Liu's surname living in the building.

Tianliaokeng Tulou group

Tianliaokeng Tulou group is the most spectacular among many Tulou in Fujian. Its pictures have appeared in many media at home and abroad and are famous all over the world. The five Tulou in tianliaokeng are located on the hillside of the canyon, close to the mountain and near the stream, surrounded by terraces. From the bottom to the top, the five earth buildings are well arranged. Looking down from a height, the five earth buildings are like a plum blossom with four petals. In the middle is a square building, built in the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, called "Buyun building", with 84 rooms on three floors. It is surrounded by four round earth buildings, which are called "Hechang building", "Zhenchang building", "Wenchang building" and "Ruiyun building". They were built in 1952, 1930, 1966 and 1930 respectively. Limited by the terrain, Wenchang building was built into 96 oval buildings with three floors. This is the only Oval Earth Building among more than 1000 earth buildings in Nanjing County. Tianliaokeng Tulou group is unique in its ingenious layout.

Shiqiao Tulou group

Shiqiao Tulou group is located in Shuyang Shiqiao village, Tianling mountain, Nanjing. Nearly 20 square and round earth buildings are built along the stream on the slope of the valley, which is a large landscape of earth buildings built according to the geographical environment. Guqiao village has the oldest square earth building "Yong'an building" in the county, the inclined earth building "Changyuan building" which attracts many experts and scholars at home and abroad to investigate, and the largest round earth building "Shunyu building" in the county. The building has 288 four floors and the patio diameter is 59 meters.

Hekeng Tulou group

Hekeng Tulou group is located in hekeng natural village, Qujiang, Shuyang township. There are 15 new and old Tulou with more than three floors. They are built on the gentle ground along the stream with a radius of less than one kilometer in the valley. They are the places where Tulou buildings are most densely distributed. Looking down from a high place, the earth buildings are dotted among the green mountains and beautiful waters. It is another big landscape of Tulou community.

Eryi building

The second building in Dadi village, Xiandu Town, Hua'an County is the first one listed as a national heritage protection list

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Zhou Tu Lou