Miluo River

Miluo River

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Miluo River is the largest river in the South Dongting lakeside area, which mainly flows through Pingjiang county and the east of Xiangyin (now Miluo City at the county level) and originates from Huangshan pear tree pot in Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province. Pingjiang County flows through 192.9 km and Miluo City flows through 61.5 km. The major towns along the Miluo River include Hanchang town (Pingjiang county), Guiyi town (Miluo City), Changshou Town, etc. Pingjiang county is named after the steady flow of MI water, and Miluo City is also named after MI water. The upper reaches of Miluo River are from Xiushui to Changshou Town, the middle reaches are from Changshou town to huangqigu, and the lower reaches are from huangqigu. Qu Yuan, a poet, committed suicide by throwing himself into the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in 278 BC. Du Fu was buried in Tianjing lake, Xiaotian village, Pingjiang County, beside the Miluo River. Therefore, the Miluo River is known as "the upper reaches of blue ink".

General situation of main stream

brief introduction

Miluo River belongs to Dongting Lake system

. Originating from the junction of Pingjiang County in Hunan Province, Tongcheng County in Hubei Province and Xiushui County in Jiangxi Province, the pear tree pot (Xiushui county) flows through Baishi bridge in Xiushui county. From Longmen Bridge to Pingjiang County, it flows southwest through Changshou, Jiayi, Xianchong and Sanshi to Daqiao, turns northwest, flows through zhongxianping, hengcha and Jinwo, and then turns southwest, flows through Chengguan, Wukou, qingchong and huangwo in Pingjiang county Qiyu: from Xinshi to Miluo, it flows through Changle street, Xinshi, Miluo and Yulei stone mountain to the north and flows into South Dongting Lake. The total length is 254.4 km, including 192.9 km in Pingjiang county and 61.5 km in Miluo City. The Miluo River Basin is bounded by Dongting Lake in the west, Mufu mountain, Huanglong Mountain and Xinqiang River Basin in the East and North, Lianyun mountain and Laodao River Basin in the south. It is about 120 km long from east to west and 37 km wide from north to south. The total area of the basin is 5543 square kilometers, including 4053 square kilometers in Pingjiang county and 965 square kilometers in Miluo City. The terrain of the basin is high in the East, South and North, and low in the west, with an average slope of 0.46% and a drop of 249.8m from mountainous area to hilly area and Dongting Lake Plain. The upper reaches of Changshou Street are the upper reaches, the middle reaches are above Huangqi calcine, and the lower reaches are below. There are 86 tributaries with a flow length of more than 5 km, including 16 tributaries with a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers.

hydrology

The average annual rainfall in the Miluo River Basin is about 1400mm. The rainfall from April to June accounts for about 50% of the total annual rainfall, and the daily maximum rainfall is generally 200-250mm. As the upper and middle reaches of the river and most of its tributaries pass through the mountainous areas, with the characteristics of mountain and stream, the flood usually rises and falls suddenly, lasting for 2-3 days, with a range of about 6 meters. In the 15th year of the Republic of China, the highest water level was 48.47 meters (huangqipeng station), and the corresponding peak discharge was 6700 cubic meters per second. After the end of the rainy season, there are often droughts in summer and autumn, or successive droughts in summer and autumn. The annual evaporation is about 1200-1400mm.

Miluo River Basin has beautiful scenery, mild climate, fertile land, rich products and developed water transportation. During the Anti Japanese War, due to the important geographical location, China and Japan had repeatedly waged a "seesaw" battle here. The Japanese army had wantonly carried out burning, killing, robbing and plundering here. A large area of forest was destroyed, resulting in serious soil erosion, silting up of river bed year by year, and sharp reduction of water transportation.

Under Xinshi, Miluo River was a branch of Dongting Lake before Ming Dynasty. Later, it was silted up into a large area of land. People along the river gradually reclaimed it. On the eve of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the end of Miluo River had been surrounded by 33 embankments. The original lake was divided up by small embankment. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, 436 reservoirs have been built in the upper two tributaries. In the winter of 1958, the river course at the end of the Miluo River was renovated, and the winding end of the Miluo River was smooth.

Main tributaries

The main tributaries of Miluo River are Changjiang River, Zhima River, chedui River, Zhongdong River, Mugua River, Huangjindong River, etc.

Changjiang River

The largest tributary of Changjiang River, also known as meixianshui, originates from fujiadong at the West foot of Mufu in the northwest of Pingjiang county and enters Miluo River at Yangmei port in Jiangjun mountain. It is 84 km long and has a drainage area of 670 square kilometers.

Luojiang

Luoshui, the second largest tributary, originates from aobeili, Bajiao Township, Yueyang County, flows southwest to daqiuwan, Miluo City and into Miluo River, with a length of 88 kilometers and a drainage area of 595 square kilometers.

Miluo River Culture

The Miluo River is famous mainly because of Qu Yuan. At the end of the Warring States period, Qu Yuan, a famous statesman and poet of the state of Chu, lived in Yusi mountain on the Bank of the Miluo River when he was exiled. In 278 BC, the capital of Chu state Ying (now Jingzhou City in Hubei Province) was conquered by the Qin army. Qu Yuan felt hopeless and threw himself into the Miluo River to die.

Miluo River in the east of Dongting Lake, belongs to Dongting Lake water system. About 1.5 kilometers above the entrance of the Miluo River to the lake, the pool water is very deep. It is the place where Qu Yuan, a Sanlu doctor, died in the river. It is called hepotan. There are stone tablets to record the incident. Hepotan is a part of Miluo River. Because it is not too deep, it is also the curved part of Miluo River, so it is called hepotan. It is said that Qu Yuan, a doctor of Sanlu, threw himself into the river here. In memory of him, people along the river put zongzi here on the fifth day of May every year. In addition, a large-scale folk dragon boat race was held. The original stone tablet standing by the river has been washed down by the flood and has not been repaired.

According to local legend, Qu Yuan didn't sink until he threw himself into the river. He didn't sink until his clothes and trousers were full of sand. Therefore, this place is also called the sand port today. After Qu Yuan was exiled to Dongting Lake by King Xiang of Chu, he was worried about the fate of his motherland all the time. He was even saddened to think of the tragic situation of his compatriots in the war. In 278 BC, Bai Qi, the general of Qin Dynasty, conquered Ying, the capital of Chu (now Jiangling, Hubei Province), and the king of Chu Xiang fled to Chen. After Qu Yuan was shocked, he passed the North Bank of the Han River with great grief and bid farewell to his hometown Zigui and capital Ying forever. Then he went south to Changsha. But the heart is always attached to the motherland, so back to Dongting. The cruel reality finally made him feel hopeless. He had no way out, and his life dream and ambition had been in vain. After finishing the last chapter of Li Sao in Miluo, he sank to himself. The people along the Miluo River rowed their boats to the place where Qu Yuan threw himself into the river to save the patriotic poet. People are worried that the fish and shrimp in the river will eat Qu Yuan. While rowing to the rescue, they throw their boat's rice dumplings into the river to feed the fish and shrimp, thus forming the custom of dragon boat race and eating rice dumplings in the Dragon Boat Festival. However, a generation of patriotic poets still couldn't survive. Qu Yuan was rescued by fishermen a few days after he threw himself into the river. Part of his head had been eaten away by fish and shrimp. His daughter and son-in-law gave him half a golden head for burial. Fearing that someone might dig a tomb to steal the golden head, his son-in-law built 12 suspected tombs overnight with the help of God.

Qu Yuan was the disseminator of Huang Lao's learning in the Warring States period. At the end of the Warring States period, he was exiled to Yusi mountain on the Bank of the Miluo River because he opposed the foreign policies of King Huai of Chu and King Qingxiang of Chu. Here, he wrote some of the most important works in his life (such as Lisao, Tianwen, etc.), which promoted the genre of Chuci to an unprecedented height. In 278 B.C., Ying, the capital of the state of Chu (now in Jiangling County, Hubei Province), was captured by the state of Qin. Qu Yuan felt that there was no hope of saving the country. He wrote Huaisha on the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month and threw himself into the Miluo River. Miluo River (MI is left water and right day) originates from lishushu pot in Huanglong Mountain, Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province, flows into Pingjiang County, Hunan Province through Baishiqiao in Xiushui County, and flows westward through Pingjiang city. It is 253 km long from MI main stream, with a drainage area of 5543 square kilometers. It is the largest river in East Dongting Lake lakeside area.

ruins

The houses with pink walls on both sides of the Miluo River, with peach blossom and willow green, simple folk customs and rich water plants, have a typical style of Jiangnan Water Town.

Today there are Quzi temple, saotan, Quyuan tombs and other monuments and relics. Qu Yuan's tomb is located on the Miluo mountain. There are 12 mound mounds scattered on the slope of 1500 square meters. In front of these mounds stands the stone tablet of "the tomb of the former Chu Sanlu doctor" or "the tomb of the Chu Sanlu doctor", which is Qu Yuan's 12 suspected tombs. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, the people along the Miluo River always hold a grand dragon boat race in memory of the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan.

Dragon Boat Race

According to legend, the fishermen in the Miluo River rowed dragon boats to rescue Qu Yuan, but failed, and then put glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo leaves into the river to sacrifice Qu Yuan. Therefore, Miluo River has become the birthplace of two important Chinese folk customs, dragon boat and zongzi. Dragon boat race, or dragon boat race, dragon boat race, dragon boat race, Dragon Boat climbing (commonly known in Fujian and Guangdong), is one of the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival in China, Vietnam, Japan and Ryukyu. It is also a local folk activity in some East Asian regions. At present, dragon boat race has developed into a water sports sport, which is also held regularly in China and some coastal and riverside places around the world. In addition to being one of the events in China's National Games, it also became an official event in the 2010 Asian Games hosted in Guangzhou for the first time.

The most popular origin of dragon boat race is that Chu people used dragon boats to disperse the fish in the river, hoping to prevent the fish from eating Qu Yuan's body. The implied meaning of this dragon boat race was affirmed by historical records. Among them, in the Southern Dynasty Liang Wujun's "xuqixiejie" records: "the Chu doctor Qu Yuan was slandered, it was the day to vote, it was the death of the Miluo River, the Chu people mourned, it was saved by boat. It's a relic of the custom to cross the Dragon Boat Festival again. " Another is in the book of Sui Dynasty·

Chinese PinYin : Mi Luo Jiang