Baxian Mountain

Baxian Mountain

Baxian Mountain is the highest mountain in Tianjin. There are 19 peaks above 900 meters. The main peak of Baxian Mountain is 1052 meters above sea level, which is the second highest peak in Tianjin. Baxianshan Nature Reserve is located on the windward slope of Yanshan mountain. It is rainy in summer and is the rainy center of North China.

geographical environment

Baxianshan Nature Reserve is located on the windward slope of Yanshan mountain. It is rainy in summer, with an annual precipitation of 968. 5mm. It is rich in precipitation, warm and humid

Climate provides good conditions for the growth and development of forests. How high is the mountain, how high is the water; how high is the mountain, how high is the tree. Baxianshan Nature Reserve is densely forested from the valley bottom to the mountain peak, covering more than 95%. The whole Baxianshan Nature Reserve is like a green three-dimensional picture library. All kinds of trees are arranged according to the height of the mountain, and share the rain and sunshine according to their physiological characteristics.

The natural forest in Baxianshan Nature Reserve has the characteristics of primitive forest, which is divided into multi-layer structure: the first layer is tall arbor, the second layer is dwarf arbor, the third layer is mixed shrub, the fourth layer is herb, the fifth layer is moss, lichen and mushroom. Many lianas are interspersed and climbing among them, which connect the five layers harmoniously and organically, forming a rare typical forest in northern China A complete deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem in warm temperate zone. Because of the superior forest ecological environment in Baxianshan Nature Reserve, not only all kinds of forests are well developed and flourishing, but also there are many kinds of lianas, among which 16 kinds of tall woody lianas are kiwifruit, Schisandra chinensis, Celastrus orbiculatus, wild grape and so on. Scientists call Baxianshan Nature Reserve "Xishuangbanna of Tianjin".

Development history

The original name of Baxian Mountain is "Baxian table". It is said that eight scattered immortals, such as Tieguai Li, traveled through the East China Sea. They were attracted by the cloud covered peaks, canyons, secluded forests and beautiful waters, and then they came down with auspicious clouds to have a picnic beside a two meter square boulder. Later, people called this boulder "Baxian table". This ten thousand mu mountain forest was named "Baxian Mountain".

In the Qing Dynasty, Baxian Mountain was designated as the "Fengshui forbidden area" of the eastern Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty. It has been closed for more than 280 years. Here, there are huge trees, shrubs, luxuriant grass, vines and vines, and few people visit it. Therefore, it is "hidden in the boudoir and unknown to people". Baxian Mountain is rich in animal and plant resources, with a forest coverage rate of more than 95%. It is the place with the highest terrain, the most peaks, the most precipitation, the largest forest coverage, the most superior ecological environment, the most intact ecosystem, the picturesque peaks, deep valleys, thousands of trees competing for glory, and attractive scenery. It is a unique natural deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem, not only in North China, but also in the world In 1995, it was approved by the State Council as a national nature reserve. In 1999, it was approved by the National Association for science and technology as one of the first national popular science education bases. It is the most typical representative of Fenglin Gorge Scenic Spot, a national geopark. It is praised by experts as "Xishuangbanna" in northern China, and enjoys the reputation of "the first mountain in Jinmen".

natural resources

Natural botanical garden

Baxianshan Nature Reserve is a "natural botanical garden"

Baxianshan Nature Reserve is located in the transition zone from warm temperate zone to temperate zone, from Pacific to Asian continent, from North China plain to Yanshan Mountains, and from forest to grassland. The unique geographical location makes it a transition area, gathering area and combination area for many kinds of plants. There are many floristic elements in Baxianshan Nature Reserve, including not only North China floristic elements, but also tropical and subtropical floristic elements, northeast floristic elements, Inner Mongolia grassland floristic elements, Siberian floristic elements and Himalayan floristic elements; there are many types of vegetation, including Quercus mongolica forest above 750 meters and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest below 750 meters; there are two types of vegetation: Quercus mongolica forest above 750 meters and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest below 750 meters Birch forest, Populus davidiana forest, linden forest, maple forest, Carpinus Carpinus forest, Rhododendron forest, Pinus tabulaeformis forest, Juglans mandshurica forest, Euonymus forest, Koelreuteria forest, Quercus variabilis forest, Quercus liaotungensis forest, hawthorn forest, pendula forest, Lespedeza forest, Vitex negundo forest, etc. there are more than 600 plant species in Baxianshan Nature Reserve, which belong to 156 families and 341 genera 14 species of Phellodendron amurense, Juglans mandshurica, acanthopanax senticosus and Schisandra chinensis are listed as the national key protection. Baxianshan Nature Reserve is an area of plant diversity.

Wildlife Park

Baxianshan Nature Reserve is a "wildlife park"

With high mountains, steep slopes, deep valleys, dense forests, suitable climate, sufficient food and abundant water resources, it has created a unique ecological environment for the survival and reproduction of a variety of animals. Baxianshan Nature Reserve has many wild animals living and breeding in the dense forest. More than 500 species have been found, belonging to 34 orders and 136 families. There are large mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and a large number of insects. Among them, there are 3 species of first-class protected animals, 27 species of second-class protected animals, and 22 species of vertebrates listed in the Red Book of endangered animals in China. These wild animals are the "masters" of the forest in Baxianshan Nature Reserve and an important part of the forest ecosystem. Because of their existence, Baxianshan Nature Reserve has increased vitality and vitality, and also brought endless fun and wonderful enjoyment to visitors and explorers.

Baxianshan Nature Reserve is a "gene bank" containing species resources

Baxianshan Nature Reserve's unique geographical location, long history of land formation, complex terrain and superior environmental conditions have resulted in many species of animals and plants preserved here, such as tropical and subtropical reptiles, such as Skink, Wang Jinshe, subtropical insect beetle, tropical and subtropical plants, such as Phellodendron amurense, yanzhangmu, Koelreuteria Paniculata, Wuzhuyu, Cycas spinulosa, kiwifruit and Wuwei In addition, a large number of animals, plants and microorganisms are preserved, protected, bred and propagated here, such as wild soybean, wild chlorite, wild pea, wild broad bean, tartary buckwheat, and so on. The wild dry and fresh fruits include kiwi fruit, tray, wild pear, wild apricot, wild peach, wild cherry, Wild Begonia, wild grape, wild hawthorn, wild walnut, and so on The results showed that: wild onion, wild garlic, wild leek, wild chrysanthemum, wild bamboo shoots, etc., the raw edible fungi were: Ganoderma lucidum, Auricularia auricula, Auricularia auricula, color mushroom, red mushroom, Tricholoma matsutake, trumpet mushroom, thunder mushroom, etc., the genes of these species have high scientific research and economic value.

Treasure house of Chinese herbal medicine

Baxianshan Nature Reserve is Tianjin's "treasure house of Chinese herbal medicine"

Preliminary investigation found that there are more than 220 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine plants, such as Phellodendron amurense (Phellodendron amurense), Coptis chinensis (Berberis), Huangqin, Salvia miltiorrhiza, acanthopanax senticosus, Cassia obtusifolia, Selaginella, polygonatum, Zizyphus jujuba, Belamcanda chinensis, Agrimonia pilosa, Bupleurum chinense, Rehmannia glutinosa, dangshen, hawthorn, Shouwu, Shiwei, Chuanshanlong, and other herbs for treating kidney disease, and lumbocrural pain Sambucus williamsii, Tougucao, BangLiu, Fangfeng, Duhuo, Baizhi, Shashen, yam, belladonna, etc.

Ecological reservoir

Baxianshan Nature Reserve is an "ecological reservoir"

Baxian Mountain has a large area of lush forests, forming a special forest climate. "Clouds start from the forest, and rain falls from the forest". The rainfall in the forest area is more than that in the non forest area, which is known as "seventy-two rain falls in a year". The forest canopy of Baxianshan Nature Reserve can intercept rainwater, weaken the splash erosion ability of water droplets on the ground, and delay the runoff process. The forest litter covers the ground surface, which is constructed in the spongy body of pine, and has strong water absorption capacity. The forest can improve the soil structure and create good conditions for water infiltration. The abundant rainfall in Baxianshan Nature Reserve is intercepted by forest, filtered by grass and litter. On the one hand, it forms a clear torrent and flows into Yuqiao reservoir. It is estimated that there are 120 million cubic meters of rainfall every year. On the other hand, it is stored in the nature reserve, about 2 million cubic meters. Water is one of the wonders of Baxian nature reserve. In summer and autumn, waterfalls and springs can be seen everywhere. The water in the valley is turbulent and surging. The famous waterfalls include honglongtan cascade in shidonggou, Zhonggulou waterfall in baxiangou and longwangtan waterfall in Heishui river. In winter and spring, many ponds in the valley are the drinking water sources for birds and animals. The water quality of Baxianshan Nature Reserve is excellent, and it is a kind of drinking water after analysis by the experimental center of Tianjin Normal University.

Natural garden

Baxianshan Nature Reserve is a "natural garden"

Baxianshan Nature Reserve is rich in flower resources. From spring to autumn, flowers bloom and fall in succession. Famous arbor flowers include Sorbus mandshurica, Syringa pekinensis, Syringa bungeana, Syringa spinosa, Tilia amurensis, Evodia rutaecarpa, Koelreuteria paniculata, shrub flowers include Hydrangea donglingensis, broccoli, Taiping flower, Prunus mume, Prunus persica, Prunus armeniaca, Sorbus, Rhododendron Yinghong, Rhododendron zhaoshanbaihua, Lespedeza, Caragana, Spiraea, herbaceous flowers include Shandan , Platycodon grandiflorum, iris canadensis, cauliflower salicifolia, Dianthus caryophyllus, Artemisia scoparia, Artemisia scoparia, Leonurus japonicus, Agrimonia pilosa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Scutellaria baicalensis, Elsholtzia splendens, huoxianghua, Aconitum carmichaeli, water hyacinth, Carthamus tinctorius, Sedum, Pueraria, Convolvulus, chrysanthemum indicum, etc. The Rhododendron blooming in late April is like a sea of flowers, swaying and intoxicating. Baxianshan Nature Reserve has many varieties and colors of flowers, which is a wonder. It can also beautify the urban and rural environment and provide rich flower resources.

Natural classroom

Baxianshan Nature Reserve is a natural reserve

Chinese PinYin : Ba Xian Shan