Changbaishan Volcano Group

Changbaishan Volcano Group

Changbai Mountain volcano group is a part of Changbai Mountain scenic area. There are more than 100 volcanoes around Changbai Mountain. The largest crater is about 2600 meters above sea level, 4.5 kilometers in diameter, funnel-shaped, and more than 800 meters deep. Its landscape is unique and rare in China. The surrounding small cones are about 1000 meters above sea level. Most of the fire outlets are overflow outlets, in the shape of chair or crescent, and the top of the mountain is flat. The famous ones are Xie Maoding, Donge Maoding, Xitu Dingzi, Dongtu Dingzi, Xima Anshan, dongma Anshan, Chifeng, laofangfangxiaoshan, etc. Many of these small volcanoes, like stars, arched Changbai Mountain and formed a spectacular volcanic group. Changbaishan volcano group is located in the eastern border of Jilin Province. It is mainly the truncated cone volcano of Changbaishan. It is surrounded by a vast lava platform, and there are many small volcanoes on the platform. The Volcanic Group is located in the northeast of Jiaoliao uplift, a Sino Korean paraplatform. It is located in the composite part of Yalujiang fault and giant latitudinal structure. Volcanic activities have been frequent since Cenozoic.

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When you go up the mountain, you will pass by and have a long view.

Introduction

There are more than 100 volcanoes around Changbai Mountain. The largest crater is about 2600 meters above sea level, 4.5 kilometers in diameter, funnel-shaped, and more than 800 meters deep.

Its landscape is unique and rare in China.

The surrounding small cones are about 1000 meters above sea level. Most of the fire outlets are overflow outlets, in the shape of chair or crescent, and the top of the mountain is flat.

The famous ones are Xie Maoding, Donge Maoding, Xitu Dingzi, Dongtu Dingzi, Xima Anshan, dongma Anshan, Chifeng, laofangfangxiaoshan, etc.

Many of these small volcanoes, like stars, arched Changbai Mountain and formed a spectacular volcanic group.

Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain is the most complete Cenozoic composite volcano in China. The eruption of Tianchi volcano from 1199 to 1201 was the largest eruption event in the world in the past 2000 years. At that time, the volcanic ash fell as far as the sea of Japan and northern Japan.

Changbai Mountain is a dormant active volcano. Although it has been dormant for 300 years, it is not uncommon for it to erupt again after dormancy for hundreds of years in the world.

Geophysical exploration has proved that there are signs of crustal magma sacs under the Tianchi of Changbai Mountain. The Tianchi of Changbai Mountain is in danger of erupting again, and its eruptive form is explosive, because the existence of 2.04 billion tons of water in the Tianchi is more destructive.

Since the Quaternary, there are more than 160 low volcanic cones scattered in the Longgang Volcanic Group in the West foot of Changbai Mountain, Jingyu Huinan area of 2000 km2, which shows the characteristics of high-density, multi center explosive eruption.

It is mainly composed of basaltic volcanic slag, volcanic bomb, pyroclastic rock and a small amount of lava. Longgang volcano is one of the few quaternary volcanoes with eruptive activity in modern China.

Origin of volcano

Changbai Mountain is a part of the ancient Xia continent and a famous dormant volcano. About 600 million years ago, it was a vast ocean. From Proterozoic to Mesozoic, after the Caledonian East China Sea west, Yanshan and Himalayan orogeny, the sea water finally retreated from this ancient land after many vicissitudes. A series of faults and uplifts took place in the crust of Changbai Mountain area, and the earth was destroyed Although the total energy of the eruption is weakened, the magma from the eruption changes from basic to acidic, and the viscosity is increased. When the saturated magma often blocks the volcanic eruption pipeline, the huge force breaks through the resistance, and the eruption is explosive, so it becomes more and more complicated It's more violent.

Changbai Mountain volcano has erupted many times and intermittently for a long time. From the 16th century to August 1597, April 1688 and April 1702, it erupted three times.

The last time was about 300 years ago, the eruptive materials of Changbai mountain accumulated around the crater, which made the Changbai mountain towering into a concentric cone. On the top of the mountain, there were gray pumice and volcanic ash, and the snow accumulated for many years. From a distance, it was a snow capped peak, and Changbai Mountain got its name.

Historical changes

Since Cenozoic, a series of NE trending volcanic belts have been formed in Northeast China under the action of the Pacific plate.

In the early stage, it basically inherited the NE trending tectonic framework in the late Mesozoic extensional background. In Mudanjiang, Fushun, Yitong and other areas, early Tertiary Basalts related to basin development can be seen.

The alkaline basaltic magmatism with Miocene mantle xenoliths distributed along the Yilan Yitong and Dunhua Mishan fault zones in the eastern mountain area of the basin reached its climax in the late Tertiary, while the Pliocene magmatism was relatively weak.

The Changbai Mountain volcanic area is located to the east of Dunhua Mishan fault on the easternmost side of Northeast China structurally. The volcanic activity began in the late Pliocene, including Changbai Mountain Tianchi volcano, Wangtian'e volcano, Zengfeng mountain, naitou mountain, tudingzi mountain, etc. the beiniangdai mountain, Xiaobai mountain, Lvfeng mountain and Huangfeng mountain in Korea also belong to the Changbai Mountain volcanic area, with a total volcanic rock distribution area of nearly 20000 square meters It is the largest Quaternary volcanic activity area in China.

Changbaishan volcano group is located in the eastern border of Jilin Province. It is mainly the truncated cone volcano of Changbaishan. It is surrounded by a vast lava platform, and there are many small volcanoes on the platform.

The Volcanic Group is located in the northeast of Jiaoliao uplift, a Sino Korean paraplatform. It is located in the composite part of Yalujiang fault and giant latitudinal structure. Volcanic activities have been frequent since Cenozoic.

Longgang Volcanic Group is located in the west of Changbai Mountain Volcanic Group, including the middle of Jingyu County, the southeast of Huinan County and the northeast of Liuhe County. It is mainly in the middle of Longgang mountains. Since the tertiary, there have been many lava eruptions, forming a large lava platform, and the volcanic activity of the Volcanic Group is also very frequent.

characteristic

Since the Quaternary, there are more than 160 low volcanic cones scattered in the Longgang Volcanic Group of nearly 2000 km2 in the West foot of Changbai Mountain, showing the characteristics of high-density, multi center explosive eruption.

It is mainly composed of basaltic volcanic slag, volcanic bomb, pyroclastic rock and a small amount of lava.

Longgang volcano is one of the few quaternary volcanoes with eruptive activity in modern China.

Changbaishan volcano has erupted many times and intermittently for a long time. From the 16th century to today, there were three eruptions in August 1597, April 1688 and April 1702 respectively.

The last time, about 300 years ago, the material from the Changbai Mountain volcano accumulated around the crater, making the Changbai mountain towering into a concentric cone. On the top of the mountain, there were gray pumice, volcanic ash, and snow accumulated for many years. From a distance, it is a snow capped peak, which is also named Changbai Mountain.

Volcano research

In 1997, the national "Ninth Five Year Plan" key project "monitoring and Research on some active volcanoes in modern China" was launched. China Seismological Bureau started monitoring and research work in Tianchi volcano area of Changbai Mountain.

After several years of research, experts pointed out that Changbai Mountain is a dormant active volcano. Although it has been dormant for 300 years, it is not uncommon for volcanoes to erupt again after dormancy for hundreds of years in the world.

Geophysical exploration has proved that there are signs of crustal magma sacs under the Tianchi of Changbai Mountain. The Tianchi of Changbai Mountain is in danger of erupting again, and its eruptive form is explosive, because the existence of 2 billion tons of water in the Tianchi is more destructive.

During the Ninth Five Year Plan period, China Seismological Bureau and Jilin Seismological Bureau established volcano monitoring stations in Tianchi, Changbai Mountain, including digital seismic monitoring network, fixed-point deformation observation system, GPS mobile observation network and geochemical observation network. The implementation of the ninth five year plan put an end to the unprotected situation of Tianchi volcano. From the observation results, there is no sign of volcanic recovery, people can rest assured to enjoy the rich resources and beautiful landscape of Changbai Mountain Tianchi given by nature.

Eruption history

After the formation of the main body of Changbai Mountain, the area entered the intermittent period of volcanic eruption, and the crustal movement was relatively stable. However, in the long course of geological history (the earth was formed at least 4.6 billion years ago, and the crustal evolution of Changbai Mountain area was also about 3.2 billion years ago), the geological evolution history of Changbai Mountain is only a short moment.

Changbai Mountain volcano has not died, but is in a dormant state, known as dormant volcano. According to historical records, there have been four small-scale intermittent activities since 1597.

The first eruption was on August 26, 1597 (the 25th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty). According to eyewitness records, at that time, there was "the sound of shooting. When you look up, the smoke opens up to the sky. It's as big as a few boulders. After the smoke breaks out, you don't know where to go after flying over the mountain.".

The second eruption occurred in 1668 (the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty). The third eruption was in 1898. A Russian Explorer came to Changbai Mountain. His investigation records recorded the strange phenomenon of Tianchi underwater eruption. Afterwards, the eruption was located at vei2

The fourth eruption was at 190

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Bai Shan Huo Shan Qun