Jiangjunya rock painting

Jiangjunya rock painting

Jiangjunya rock painting is a rock painting about 7000 years ago.

The origin of history

Jiangjunya rock painting is located at the western end of the back hill at the south foot of Jinping Mountain, Taohua village, Jinping Town, Haizhou District, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province. On a covered bowl shaped hillside composed of 22.1 meters long from north to South and 15 meters wide from east to west, there are three groups of rock paintings with wide and shallow lines, rough and straight, primitive style, V-shaped cross section, smooth face, and made by stone tools.

Jiangjunya rock painting is the oldest rock painting ever found in China. It is the first rock painting found in the southeast coastal area. It is the only rock painting reflecting the primitive worship of agricultural tribes. It dates back about 7000 years. The famous archaeologist Su Bingqi called it the earliest book of heaven in China. A picture carved on a cliff in the middle and late Neolithic period of China. It's on the West Cliff of the south-west hill of Jinping Mountain, 9km southwest of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province. At an altitude of 20 meters, the mountain is composed of migmatite gneiss with a hardness of 6-7 degrees. Around the mountain are 11 Neolithic sites such as Erjian village and taohuajian late Paleolithic sites.

Jiangjunya rock painting was discovered in the winter of 1979. The rock paintings are distributed on the black rock with a length of 22 meters, a width of 15 meters and an area of about 330 square meters. The contents reflect the worship consciousness of the primitive ancestors to the land, the God of creation and the celestial body. It is the earliest stone carving picture reflecting the social life of the agricultural tribes found in China.

In 1988, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Introduction to rock paintings

The rock paintings are divided into three groups. The first group is located in the west, 4 meters long and 2.8 meters wide. Engraved with human face, animal face and seedlings patterns, and there are nine symbols. The largest human face is 90cm high and 110cm wide. A pointed dome ornament with a height of 32 cm and a width of 88 cm is carved on the head. The upper part of the ornament is a double line semicircular pattern. Along the part, there is a double line triangle pattern with diamond shape, and the middle part is separated by string pattern. The mouth of one face meets the head of another.

The eyelids are marked with two lines, and then the eyes are marked with three horizontal lines. There are many disordered lines on the cheek which have nothing to do with the facial features. Other people's eyes are in concentric circles with a dot. There is a straight line running through the human face, which is connected with the pattern of seedlings. There are also two human face patterns without face frame in this group, which are very similar to the animal face patterns on the jade of Longshan culture and Liangzhu culture.

There are two kinds of patterns: one is to carve 4-8 radial lines from bottom to top; the other is to add a triangle at the bottom of the first pattern and carve several horizontal lines or dots in it (see Figure). The second group is located in the south, 8 meters long and 6 meters wide. A 6.23-meter-long band Nebula pattern is carved on the left side, which is divided into four sections with short lines, and a 14 cm wide animal face is carved on the upper left corner. Nebular patterns are represented by dots of different sizes or circles with dots. On the lower side of this group of rock paintings are mainly skull patterns of various animals. The eyes, nose, mouth and teeth can be distinguished, but there is no face frame.

On the upper right side, there are three regular patterns of the sun: concentric circles with 14-21 radiation rays, and three centers are connected to form a right triangle. Among these main patterns, there are many kinds of images composed of dots or short lines representing nebulae.

The third group is located in the East. Four human faces related to the gods in ancient legends are carved. Short lines and dots are used to represent the five facial features. Two of them are carved with feather like ornaments on their heads, and dots and symbols are interspersed between the human faces. In the center of the three groups of rock paintings, there are three stones brought from other places. Each stone is about 2 meters long and 1.5 meters wide. Symmetrical circle patterns are distributed on the surface of the stones, with diameters ranging from 3 cm to 7 cm. On the east side, there is a large stone, 3.7 meters long and 2.5 meters high, which is not separated from the bedrock. The above relics seem to be related to the sacrificial custom of the ancestors of Dongyi who worshipped Dashi as the God of society and "had three small stones as feet".

In order to ensure the safety of jiangjunya rock paintings, in 1980, Lianyungang Municipal People's government instructed to stop the mining of mineral resources in the strata under the rock paintings. In June 1981, the general office of the State Council of the people's Republic of China organized experts in cultural relics, geology, mining and other fields to the scene to discuss protection issues. In 1983, a protective fence was set up around the rock paintings, and a cultural relic depository was established. At present, the cracks on the surface of rock paintings have stabilized.

Archaeological value

Jiangjun cliff rock painting is located on a raised hill under Jiangjun cliff.

There is a huge original stone on the hill and three irregular natural stones arranged under the original stone, about two meters long. One of them is full of different sizes and regular carved round nest. Historians have identified it as "Shizu" and "Shizu", and it is the main sacrificial body of Dongyi tribe. Three groups of rock paintings are arranged around the four big stones, 22 meters long and 15 meters wide in the north, South and East.

There was a stone shed on the northern side of the rock painting. According to Fang Jin, former vice chairman of the Municipal Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, he once saw a group of rock carvings on the cliff in the stone shed, which is the origin of the name "general cliff". Jiangjunya rock painting in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province was discovered in 1979. For more than 20 years, the mysterious original marks on the cliff have been a problem that the archaeologists want to solve. It is called "Oriental book of heaven". Recently, some scholars finally said that they have cracked this "heavenly book".

After a comparative study of rock paintings with human faces found in Helan Mountain in Ningxia and Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia, Professor Chen Jing, a folk art expert at Nanjing University, believes that the rock paintings of jiangjunya, which are generally believed to have a history of at least 4000-6000 years, were first made in the spring and Autumn period. They are the marks left by the Witches of the tan kingdom of Shaowu, a vassal state of the Dongyi people, for the dead royal family to evoke souls At that time, it was probably the old capital of Tan state. He thinks: the circular pattern symbol of "Da" in the design refers to the adults in the sun, that is, the Dongyi people. The circular pattern and the circular pattern with a little bit in the middle are all like bird heads, symbolizing the soul of birdmen. A line of people are dancing witchcraft dance, which is a ceremony to lead the soul to heaven.

This explanation has aroused widespread concern. After all, this provides a new idea for the crack of jiangjunya rock painting.

Jiangjunya rock painting in Lianyungang was discovered in 1979. In 1988, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. These ancient rock paintings are located at Jiangjun cliff, 9km southwest of Lianyungang City. When it was discovered in 1979, there were only three groups of rock paintings, mainly including human face, crop face, animal face and various symbols. The star map rubbings in the second group and the two rubbings in the first group have been displayed as the earliest astronomical relics in China at the Ancient Observatory of Beijing Astronomical Museum.

The discovery of jiangjunya rock painting has aroused great concern in the field of Archaeology and history. After preliminary research, experts believe that: jiangjunya rock painting is the only stone carving picture that reflects the social life of primitive agricultural tribes found in China; it is also the first rock painting and the earliest rock painting found in the Han area of China; it is also likely to be the birthplace of the most unique human face rock painting in Chinese rock painting. In 2003, archaeologists found a new group of "fish shaped rock paintings" in jiangjunya, which made the content of jiangjunya rock paintings more rich.

However, what kind of original information is recorded in the mysterious rock painting symbols on Jiangjun cliff is always full of doubts.

Since 1980, many well-known scholars all over the country have analyzed and studied the rock painting of jiangjunya from ethnology, archaeology, cultural anthropology, primitive religion, ancient astronomy and other fields. Some scholars say it is the primitive ancestors' worship of the earth God and the sun god, some scholars say it is the primitive ancestors' worship of the grain God, and some scholars say it is the origin of the ancient ancestors' tattoo custom Legacy. Some scholars said it was "the earliest Observatory for observing stars". There are different opinions. In March this year, the relevant departments of Lianyungang even said: if anyone can really crack the "Oriental book of heaven", they will give a heavy reward.

According to the rock paintings, big rocks and the terrain of Jiangjun cliff, it is a place of primitive religious sacrifice. In January 1988, it was announced as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Scientific explanation

Professor Zhao Feng, a Chinese American scientist at NASA, believes that group A of jiangjunya rock paintings and Hou Yi's shooting at the sun are actually the same event, that is, a comet impact on the earth event, similar to the reduced version of levy-9 comet impact on Jupiter event in 1994. Because of the loose texture of comets, when a comet is caught by a planet, it will disintegrate into a string of celestial bodies under the action of tidal force. The so-called nine day comet disintegrates into nine blocks. After nine celestial bodies enter the earth's atmosphere, they become "sun like" luminescent and heating bodies due to the burning heat of friction. This is the "nine days in the lower branch, one day in the upper branch" in the Shanhaijing. Then these seemingly "sun" objects will soon hit the earth one by one. Because the comet is loose in texture, there will be no obvious crater left after hitting the planet, so the place where it falls is scorched black and mud rotten. This is the reason why "Yi shoots nine days and falls into wojiao" in Shanhaijing.

The group a rock painting of jiangjunya is exactly the record of this event after the ancient ancestors saw the comet impact on the earth. The location of the comet impact on the earth should be south of Rizhao, Shandong, north of Lianyungang, and the direction is from east to west. Therefore, the comet impact on the earth seen by the ancestors of Lianyungang is from right to left. In the rock painting, there are ten complete circles representing ten days, and the upper right corner The other nine are comets

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Jun1 Ya Yan Hua