Longmen 20 products

Longmen 20 products

Longmen 20 products refer to the inscriptions of 20 statues selected from Longmen Grottoes during the Northern Wei Dynasty. The title began in the Qing Dynasty.

Among them, 19 are in Guyang cave, and only one is in cave 660 (Cixiang kiln) outside Laolong cave. Most of the heroes in these statues are princes, nobles, senior officials and eminent monks of the Northern Wei Dynasty. They opened niches for Emperor Xiaowen to sing praises or pray for wealth and disaster. Their names are mostly recorded in historical books. These figures often involve the historical facts of the year. Therefore, the twenty products of Longmen are not only the essence of calligraphy in the Northern Wei Dynasty, but also the representative works of Weibei calligraphy.

geographical environment

About 13 kilometers southbound from Luoyang, Henan Province, there is the Longmen Grottoes, one of the famous "four Buddha Grottoes". Here, the two mountains stand side by side, just like the gate and the Yishui river. On one side, it is the fragrant mountain where Bai Juyi, the great poet of Tang Dynasty, sleeps for a long time; on the other side, it is Longmen Mountain. On Longmen Mountain, there are caves of large and small excavated from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty. Up to now, there are 1352 caves, 2345 niches and more than 100000 statues. They are the treasure house of Chinese sculpture art.

Inscriptions

Longmen 20 products refer to the 20 fine sculptures of Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang. include:

The statue of Niu pin

Time: 495 A.D

It is also known as "the statue of Yu Chi, Liang's wife of Qiu Muling, king of Changle, for the dead Niu AI"

The niches of Niu pin statue are located on the north side of Guyang cave, above the niches of Yang Da Yan. In the shape of a round ticket, the lintel of the niche is carved with 11 children's flower rope, the children hold a lotus, and the two children carve lotus buds. There is a flying Apsaras at each end, and a small flying Apsaras is carved in front of the flying Apsaras head. The two lions squatted under Maitreya's knees, handed over Kelis at the foot, and held Maitreya's feet in their hands. Under the niche lintel, there are people in Hu clothes. The main statue is Maitreya sitting with a crown and feet crossed, which is the Bodhisattva image of Maitreya when he went up to the heaven to lead the heavenly palace. The head light is carved with lotus inside and seven seated Buddhas outside. The outer flame pattern of the backlight is composed of 17 groups of flame patterns with sitting Buddha as the center, and the inner ten flying bodies are divided into two sides, which are supported by Yingluo.

The full name of "the statue of Niu pin" is "the statue of Maitreya made for the dead Niu pin by Yu Chi, wife of liang of Qiu Muling, king of Changle, in November of the 19th year of Taihe". The inscription is dignified and one of the 20 products of Longmen. It was built by Wei Chi, the wife of Qiu Muling Liang, the king of Changle (later changed her surname to "Wei") for the dead son Niu Ju. In the past, it was called Niu Ju niche. A lotus flower is carved in the middle of the statue pedestal, and the left and right Hercules raise their hands to hold it up, which is vivid and lifelike.

annotations:

In November of the 19th year of Taihe, he made the Duke of Sikong, the governor of Chijie, the governor of yuewangqiu

Yuling Liang's wife, Wei Chi, asked workers to carve out stones for the dead ox peg

Maitreya is like a district. I hope that the ox's peg will be in the town of segmentation and there will be no obstacle

The state of life, if it exists in the place of the Buddhas in heaven, if it exists in the world

If there is pain and tiredness in the place where the wonderful happiness is at ease, you will be free from the three evil ways,

Never because of interest, all sentient beings, hamonsford.

Inscription on the statue of Yifu

Time: 496 A.D

It is also known as the portrait of the deceased husband by the first wife of Zhang Yuan

Longmen 20 products of the "one Fu for Zhang Yuanzu statue" referred to as "one Fu statue inscription.". Book, 10 lines, a line of three words. Located on the north wall of Guyang cave, the statue niche is one of the 20 statues of Longmen. Next to the Huigan statue niche of bhikkhu, it is one of the smallest two statues in the 20 statues of Longmen. The niche is 36 cm high, 19 cm wide and 30 cm deep. The niche is made of honeysuckle curled grass, pointed arched lintel, round coupon shaped, beaded column, and water ripple at the bottom of the niche. Inside, the Buddha and the two Bodhisattvas with the right shoulder covered obliquely. There are statues carved under the niche. According to the records of the statue, this niche was built in the 20th year of Taihe (496 AD). Zhang Yuanzu, the Bunian Lang, may have been a humble man to the emperor he Bunian at that time, and his wife Fu's niche for him was also small. Kang Youwei commented on the calligraphy of this statue as "calm and vigorous". At the beginning of the Republic of China, the original stone of Baima paper was soft and yellow because of its long history. This statue has only 30 words. "In the 20th year of Taihe, Zhang Yuanzu, a banian Lang, unfortunately died. His wife, a Buddha, is a statue of a district. He is willing to make his deceased husband live in the Buddhist kingdom.". Although the number of words is small, it is dignified and dignified. The whole article is mainly written in square style, which is calm and heavy. The style of calligraphy is vigorous and steady. However, there is no lack of smart writing in the process of strict management. For example, the "made" walking children's horizontal fold, the "for" a long curl, all appear in high spirits. But beside the bow of "Zhang", the "page" of "Yuan" appears more strange. And the composition is also full of changes, such as the last line of "dead husband directly born in the Buddhist kingdom", straight and crooked changes, strange and positive, which is amazing.

inscription:

In the 20th year of Taihe period, Zhang Yuanzu, a bu Nian Lang, died. His wife, a Buddha, was a statue. He was willing to make his deceased husband live in the Buddhist kingdom.

The statue of Sima jieboda

Time: 477-499 A.D

His full name is the statue of Sima jieboda. Northern Wei Dynasty Taihe engraved, the book. On the north wall of Guyang cave. There are 14 lines in the book, including 6, 7, 8 lines, 3 words in one line, and the rest are 5 words in one line. 64 words can be seen. It's one of the top 20 products in Longmen.

This record has the style of the times, and shows rich aesthetic taste and creative ability.

The strokes are square, sharp and strong, and the strokes are round and soft to break the inflexibility. The starting strokes are straight, oblique, horizontal and light, and the stippling is of both length and square. Let go of the momentum. Bozhe's long feet are as sharp as a sword. The corner has the methods of turning, folding and turning. We should be able to make the top heavy and the bottom light, and make the top light and the bottom heavy at the same time. In particular, the word "Dao", "Da" and "Yan" is the most unique, which changes from the big arc of the mellow curve to the big rise and fall of the square and sharp long feet.

The statue of Shi Ping Gong

Time: 498 A.D

Full name: the statue of bhikuhui who became his dead father

Shipinggong statue is originally an inscription attached to a Buddhist niche. Its full name is shipinggong statue inscription when bhiku Hui became his dead father. It was carved on the north wall of Longmen Guyang cave in Luoyang, Henan Province in the 22nd year of Taihe reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (498). The inscription was written by Da and regular script by Zhu Yizhang. Kang Youwei called the Longmen stone carvings "both majestic and majestic, extremely creative and unconventional". The statue of Shi Ping Gong is a representative work in Longmen stone carvings. Longmen 20pin is the rubbings of the inscriptions of 20 statues in Longmen Grottoes. It is the representative work of the calligraphy style of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The difference between this stele and other steles is that the whole stele is engraved in the sun, and the boundary is word by word. It is the only one that can be seen in the stone inscriptions of the past dynasties. The content of the note is to express the religious feelings of the statue maker and to seek happiness and eliminate disasters for the deceased. It was discovered by Huang Yi (1744-1801) during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, and was regarded as "Longmen 20 products" by the calligrapher. The inscription is cut with square strokes. The strokes are flat and square, and the dots are thick and full. The strokes are bold and outstanding. It is regarded as the representative of the vigorous style of the square strokes in the Wei Dynasty.

There are two different opinions about the completion time of this niche: the 12th year of Taihe and the 22nd year of Taihe. The statue is recorded on the right side of the niche, 130 cm high and 40 cm wide. This statue is the only one of the twenty pieces of Longmen, which was written by Meng Da and Zhu Yizhang. The inscription is square, strong, thick and dense.

The detailed statue of the king of Beihai in Yuan Dynasty

Time: 498 A.D

Longmen 20 products of the "North Sea King yuan detailed statue", the full name of "North Sea King yuan detailed for mother and son peace to build Maitreya.". The statue is 88 cm in height and 42 cm in width. It is a historical record of Yuan Xiang's moving the capital to Luoyang with Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

The statue niche is located on the north wall of Guyang cave in Longmen Grottoes of Luoyang, above the statue niche of Yuchi, wife of Qiu mulingliang, king of Changle. The niche is 138 cm high, 102 cm wide and 17 cm deep. It is a medium-sized cave in Guyang cave. The main Buddha in the niche is Maitreya Jiaojiao. The Bodhisattvas on both sides are standing with their hands together. The round arched niche lintel is engraved with a rope of flowers held by people for 15 days.

According to the records of statues, the niche was built on the 11th day of the 12th year of the 18th year of Taihe and completed on September 23rd of the 22nd year of Taihe, which took nearly three years and nine months.

inscription:

On December 11, the 18th year of Weitaihe, the emperor personally ruled Liujing and attacked Xiaoni in the south. Military and national two Rong, different from Luoji. There are two sounds in Xing Liu, which are separated from que. The imperial concubine, by virtue of the rules of Saint and goodness, abstained from traveling, while the disciples, by virtue of filial piety, offered their tears. On September 23, 2002, the statue of Maitreya was engraved on the wall. As a result, the temple was built and the stone was engraved to show the heart of the Buddha. Always wish mother and son a long meal of the year, family inside and outside, the end of the glory period, all groups of life, Xiantong Sifu. On September 23, the 22nd year of Wei Taihe, Weida was a minister of state, a general of the garrison and a king of Beihai.

The statue of Princess Gao of Beihai Kingdom

Date unknown, or in the Northern Wei Taihe, Jingming

It is also called "the statue of sun Bao". It was engraved in Taihe during the reign of Jingming. At the top of Guyang cave. The main book, 5 lines, a line of 6 to 12 words. The statue niche is located on the north side of the cave top. It is triangular with the statue niche of Maitreya made by Princess Hou for her late husband (about 60 cm nearby) and the statue niche of Maitreya made by grandmother Guangchuan for her young grandson. The niche is 110 cm high, 80 cm wide and 14 cm deep. Round ticket shaped niche lintel, niche for the main Buddha Maitreya Jiaojiao, sitting on the double lion seat, two Bodhisattvas

Chinese PinYin : Long Men Er Shi Pin