University of science and technology of China

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School background

In the 1950s, China's scientific and technological strength and comprehensive national strength were very weak, which made it difficult to meet the needs of national development and international competition. As a national academic and scientific research center, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has a large number of high-level scientific talents, but it is in urgent need to supplement the excellent reserve force, especially the cutting-edge scientific and technological talents in domestic emerging technology disciplines. At that time, the number and quality of graduates from colleges and universities were difficult to meet the needs. In this case, it has become the common idea of leaders of CAS and many scientists to establish a new university to cultivate new, marginal, interdisciplinary and cutting-edge technological talents by making use of the advantages of CAS.

Preparation and approval

On March 18, 1958, at the third executive meeting of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guo Moruo, President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, proposed that in order to train cadres, colleges and universities attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences could be considered.

On May 9, 1958, Zhang Jinfu, Secretary of the Party group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, on behalf of the Party group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, submitted a request for instructions to Nie Rongzhen, Vice Premier in charge of national science and technology work, and the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, suggesting that the Chinese Academy of Sciences should try to set up a university. Vice Premier Nie Rongzhen immediately reported to Premier Zhou Enlai that the Academy of Sciences planned to set up a university, which was approved by Premier Zhou Enlai. On May 21, vice premier Nie Rongzhen submitted a report to the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee.

On June 2, 1958, after discussion at the meeting of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, Deng Xiaoping, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and general secretary, gave instructions that "the meeting of the Secretariat approved the report and decided to establish the University." Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Chen Yun also approved the decision of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee.

Preparatory process

On June 8, 1958, Guo Moruo, President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, presided over the first meeting of the Preparatory Committee of the University and decided to name the University as "University of science and technology of China". At the same time, the Preparatory Committee of the University was set up. The meeting approved the plan for the establishment of the University and the general rules for enrollment in 1958. It was made clear that in principle, the relevant research institutes of the Academy of Sciences were responsible for the teaching equipment. The meeting decided to set up 12 departments, including Department of nuclear physics and nuclear engineering, Department of Technical Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, Department of physical thermal engineering, Department of radio electronics, Department of automation, Department of mechanics and mechanical engineering, Department of radiochemistry and radiochemistry, Department of Geochemistry and rare elements, Department of high molecular chemistry and polymer physics, Department of Applied Mathematics and computer technology, Department of Biophysics, etc We have established relations with Peking University and Tsinghua University.

On July 28 of the same year, the Preparatory Committee of the University held the first meeting of department heads. At the meeting, it was decided to set up an additional Department of Applied Geophysics and set up four groups of general physics, general chemistry, mathematics and politics.

According to the instructions of vice premier Nie Rongzhen, the second part of the former Central Party school on Yuquan Road was transferred to the University of science and technology of China as the site of the school. The departments of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and research institutes supported a large number of cadres, classrooms, workers, books and materials, and experimental equipment.

In order to solve the problem of enrollment, the Party group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences reported to the Central Committee for approval, giving priority to the admission of 1600 freshmen from all provinces and cities. On June 18, the people's daily, Guangming Daily and China Youth Daily published the enrollment brochures of China University of science and technology.

At the beginning of September, 150 freshmen enrolled in the examination area of Beijing reported in advance to take part in the voluntary work of sorting out the campus and building the playground; on September 15, the freshmen from Beijing went through the registration procedures, and a total of 1634 students were enrolled.

On the eve of the beginning of school, Guo Moruo drafted the lyrics of the school song and extensively solicited opinions for revision. On September 19, Guo met with all the students for the first time and invited LV Ji, the composer of school song and chairman of the National Music Association, to teach and sing the school song "eternal east wind" for the students.

 

At the beginning of the school

On September 20, 1958, the founding and opening ceremony of the University of science and technology of China was held in the auditorium of the Political College of the PLA. The next day, people's daily and Guangming Daily both reported the birth of China University of science and technology with the title of a major event in the history of Chinese education and science.

In 1959, the University of science and information of China was merged into the University of science and technology of China, and the Department of science and technology information was established. In 1960, the Department was abolished, and students were merged into physics, chemistry, biology and other departments. In April 1964, the Chinese Academy of Sciences agreed to merge the original 13 departments into six departments: mathematics, physics, modern chemistry, modern physics, modern mechanics and radio electronics. The Ministry of Education approved the establishment of 24 majors in schools, which was reduced to 23 in 1966, with a five-year schooling. According to the requirements of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, after the adjustment of departments and specialties, the professional courses remain basically unchanged, and the teaching and research section continues to keep close contact with the Research Institute.

In May 1959, it was listed in the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on designating a number of key universities in Colleges and universities.

 

In 1963, China University of science and technology began to recruit graduate students. In 1964, the 200 graduate students admitted by Beijing Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences were also taught by China University of science and technology. Geophysicist Zhao Jiuzhang once wrote to the leaders of the Academy of Sciences, suggesting that the University of science and technology of China should set up a graduate school. The Chinese Academy of Sciences also proposed a plan for the establishment of a graduate school in Zhongguancun by the University of science and technology of China, which was later stranded due to the turmoil of the cultural revolution.

In 1960, the "107 computer" was jointly developed by the University of science and technology of China and the Institute of computing, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is the first general-purpose digital computer designed and developed by China and the first electronic digital computer in Chinese universities. In February 1960, the school held the first scientific research report meeting. In September 1963, in order to commemorate the fifth anniversary of the founding of the University, 80 papers of teachers and students were selected.

Up to 1966, China University of science and technology has trained 4710 graduates for the country, 85% of whom are assigned to work in scientific research departments and colleges and universities, and the vast majority of them have become the backbone of business and leadership. Among the first three graduates, 29 were later elected as academicians of the two academies, ranking first among the same period graduates of colleges and universities in China.

 

Cultural Revolution

In May 1966, the "Cultural Revolution" broke out across the country, schools stopped recruiting students, and teaching and scientific research were forced to stop. The students of grade 1961 worked in the headmaster for six and a half years. They graduated and were assigned to work in December 1967. Graduate students were not dispatched until 1968.

In June 1966, at the request of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences dispatched a working group to the University of science and technology of China. Since then, the exposure meeting, the criticism meeting, the big character newspaper and the big debate have continued, and set off the climax of the cultural revolution of the whole university. It was not until July 29 that the working group on campus withdrew from HKUST according to the decision of the higher authorities.

On March 5, 1968, the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese University of science and technology was formally established. It began to work the next day. Before the administrative organs of the Revolutionary Committee were established, it was in charge of all matters related to the Revolutionary Committee. In August 1968, more than 200 people from the "Mao Zedong thought propaganda team" of the PLA stationed in Beijing and two groups of 300 people from the "Mao Zedong thought propaganda team" of the capital workers entered the University of science and technology to lead the school's "fight, criticize and reform" movement. On February 27, 1969, the school set up the education revolution group. After that, the school successively sent 11 educational revolution exploration teams, a total of 77 people to the army, rural areas and factories to explore the educational revolution, and went to Shanghai to learn from them.

On July 9, 1969, the investigation group of educational revolution of University of science and technology of China drafted the draft of "preliminary opinions on taking the road of the Communist Party and reconstructing the new proletarian University of science and technology". The main spirit of the draft is: Take Jiangxi Communist Labor University as an example, learn from Tsinghua University and Peking University, and set up an educational revolution base in Jiangxi. From July 15 to 23, the school sent many people to Hubei, Jiangxi, northeast and other places in batches to set up "May 7" cadre schools, so that cadres can take turns to delegate labor training.

On October 26, 1969, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the notice on the decentralization of colleges and universities. After consulting with Li Desheng, director of the Anhui Provincial Revolutionary Committee, Liu Xiyao instructed the University of science and technology of China to evacuate to Anqing City, Anhui Province. In early December, 90 advanced personnel rushed to Anqing, and then 900 arrived in the city. They were placed in a three story building of the Party School of Anqing Municipal Party committee.

China University of science and technology began to move to Anhui in December 1969, and completed the relocation in October 1970. More than 70 times of freight loading were organized, with 865 tons of freight carrying 35000 cases of instruments, equipment, books, archives, etc.; more than 470 families were moved out, more than 20 batches of staff, students and family members were organized for passenger transport, about 6000 person times, 510 trains were used, and the relocation cost was 770000 yuan.

In September 1971, the State Council decided to transform China University of science and technology into the dual leadership of Anhui Province and the Ministry of the third machinery industry, with Anhui Province as the main province.

When the school moved to Hefei, 2 / 3 of the equipment lost and more than 1 / 2 of the teachers lost. There is a serious shortage of teaching and living space, and the school building area is less than 60000 square meters. In 1972, there were less than 100 teachers with the title of lecturer or above.

In 1972, the school rebuilt the teaching and research section of the basic course of mathematics, physics and chemistry, and the majority of teachers and students began their teaching and research work under very bad conditions. The school decided to distribute more than 300 students in various posts across the country

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Guo Ke Ji Da Xue