Lugou Xiaoyue

Lugou Xiaoyue

According to the "Ming Chang legacy" of the Jin Dynasty, "the Eight Sights of Yanjing" began in the reign of emperor Zhangzong of the Jin Dynasty. At the East and West ends of the bridge, there are two imperial steles. The east end is the "Lugou Xiaoyue" stele written by Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, and the west end is the imperial stele erected by Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty in 1698 to record the reconstruction of Lugou bridge. In ancient times, the stream water here is like practice, and the west mountain is like Dai. When the dawn is slanting and the moon goes down to the west, the reflection of the moon in the water is more bright and bright, making it one of the eight famous scenic spots in Yanjing in ancient times. Wanping, Fengtai District, Beijing has a hazy moon. The beautiful moon is reflected in the water. Standing on the Lugou Bridge, the public can enjoy the magnificent scenery of "March of a day".

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Introduction to scenic spots

Lugou Xiaoyue is one of the eight famous sights in Yanjing. Lugou bridge is located in the southwest of Guang'an gate in Beijing, across the Yongding River. Emperor Qianlong once passed by Lugou Bridge in autumn in ancient times. In 2000, the government tried to restore the water surface of Xiaoyue lake, but finally gave up because of lack of water. In the meantime, it also tried to use high-tech means to make artificial moon on the lakeside, but it could not compete with the natural wonder of "march in a day". In May 2008, the Fengtai District government started the Yongding River water storage project, which included the restoration of Xiaoyue lake. This time, the waste water used to flush the pipeline in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project was used to restore the lake surface, which was injected into Xiaoyue lake from July 1, 2008. On July 20, with the last 20000 cubic meters of abandoned water from the Beijing Shijiazhuang section of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project flowing into Xiaoyue lake, Lugou Xiaoyue lake, which has been dry for 20 years, finally has the conditions to reflect the moon with water waves. The spectacle of "Lugou Xiaoyue" was successfully reappeared during the Mid Autumn Festival in 2008.

Lugou Bridge

Architecture

Lugou bridge is located in the southwest of Guang'an gate in Beijing, across the Yongding River. It is the largest stone bridge in the north of ancient China, with 11 arches lying on the waves. The water dividing point in front of each pier is commonly known as the chopping sword. On both sides of the bridge are 281 watchposts 1.4 meters high. The two pillars are connected by a carved breast board. There is a big lion at the top of each pillar. There are many little lions with different postures carved on the big lion. According to the investigation of archaeologists, there are 485 stone lions on the bridge, including two big lions on the east end of the bridge instead of Baogu stone, four big lions on Huabiao rosette, 281 big lions on Wangzhu and 198 small lions on big lions. The bridge is 266 meters long and 8 meters wide. There is a stele Pavilion at the east end of the bridge. On the front of the stele is Qianlong's handwritten "Lugou Xiaoyue", and on the back is Qianlong's poem about Lugou bridge.

importance

From Jicheng in the state of Yan to Nanjing in the Liao Dynasty, the urban construction of ancient Beijing has made great progress, and the importance of Lugou ferry has naturally increased. But "Lugou river is very turbid and turbulent. Local people choose to build temporary bridges according to the water level every year. Later, the officials built a floating bridge on both sides of the Strait. This is a description of Lugou ferry in Xuanhe Yisi Fengshi itinerary written by Xu Kangzong, an envoy of the Song Dynasty, when he was sent to the north in 1125 ad. In 1153 ad, as the political center of the north, Lugou ferry, the only gateway to and from the capital, was still used as a temporary wooden bridge or floating bridge, which obviously could not adapt to the situation at that time. Therefore, from the 29th year of jindading (1189) to the third year of Mingchang (1192), a permanent large stone bridge was built at Lugou ferry, named Guangli bridge, which is well-known at home and abroad.

effect

Lugou bridge to the capital of more than 30 miles, in the traffic is not very developed in ancient times, almost half a day's journey. After having a farewell wine in the capital in the morning, the guests leave for the road, and it's sunset when they come to the Bank of Lugou river. The guests had to find a place to stay for an early start. So it gradually developed into the first resting place in the southwest of Beijing. We can see from the picture of logging in Lugou in Yuan Dynasty that the prosperous tea shops, taverns and merchants hotels along the Lugou river at that time, as well as the scenes of riding horses and driving, walking and burdening guests are vividly depicted. When the guests wake up, they have crowed three times and washed up. First of all, they feel that the morning moon is in the sky, the East is white, the sky is upside down, and the earth is like silver. "Lugou bridge is like frost last month." at this time, they can really understand the meaning of "Lugou moon". Zhao Bingwen, the Hanlin scholar of the Ministry of rites in the Jin Dynasty, wrote a poem about Lugou: "the river is divided into bridge columns like melons and vines, the door of passers-by is like canines, the willows are on the Lugou Bridge at sunset, sending people out of Beijing several times.".

Development history

In the Yuan Dynasty, Chen Fu wrote a poem in Lugou Xiaoyue: "the long bridge bends to reach the sea whale, and the river never splashes; the distant chickens count, and the lights are silent, and the remnant toads still reflect the Changgeng moon. On the road, the sound of chariots and horses is urgent, the frost flowers are as wet as money and horses' manes, the shadow of sand shakes gold, the white gulls fly down and the Yellow reeds stand

In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Yuanfang's poem "Lugou Xiaoyue" is very representative: "the Forbidden City has a long twilight, the frost is falling, the forest is broken, the sky is not long, the palace is clear, the moon is bright, the grass is cold. There are two dragons at the different corners of the lake. The horses in Lugou look at them, the chickens crow, the cottages are cold, and the north pole is in the clouds. "Sangqian River in Lugou is also called Hunhe River and Xiaohuanghe river Thirty miles to the capital, there is a stone bridge across the river, more than 200 steps wide, on both sides of which are stone railings, carved stone lions, the shape is wonderful. It was built in the third year of jinmingchang. On the road of the bridge, it leads to guanxia in the West and Jianghuai in the south. There are many hotels on both sides. In the capital of Milu, pedestrians and guests come and go in an endless stream, sparing the stars and the moon, and the dawn scenery is blue, so it is called "the moon in Lugou". Zou Ji also wrote the poem "the morning moon in Lugou" and "the yellow water in Lugou can be seen in the sunset of the river bridge. Trees into the suburbs of light haze, sky broken shore dew light. In the north, the Forbidden Palace is near Shenjing, and in the south, there is a long way to go. How many passers-by come and go here, the horse's hooves tread the frost of the fifth hour. "

In the Qing Dynasty, Qianlong had been to Lugou Bridge, and wrote the poem "crossing Lugou Bridge": "mist and frost gather together in the autumn, and then he crossed Lugou again. I feel the deep wind, and I am over the age of Mu Mu. I look forward to cutting the Dinghu lake and Weiyi state. Xiaoyue desolate who Yiju, muddy flow lingering from Cangzhou. This year, Xicheng has a good view, and it is full of green again. " In 1751, the Empress Dowager paid a visit to the tailing mausoleum and wrote a poem after crossing the Lugou Bridge: "the cold chicken in Maodian is chirping, the dawn is slanting, and the Han Dynasty wants to cross.". Half hook stay light, three autumn light, a minute wave clip mirror Ming. The monk's heart is sealed, and the shadow of his son is still startled. You come every step ditch West Road, touch scene that forget dark Er feeling And the title "Lugou Xiaoyue" was erected at the bridgehead.

There are stone tablets at the East and West ends of the bridge. This paper describes the process of bridge construction in Kangxi and Qianlong periods. The stele written by Qianlong is more detailed and interesting. In the same year, it was found that the bridge was damaged and Qianlong ordered it to be repaired. When he took apart one side of the bridge, he found that the arch structure of the bridge was "built of stone and scale, bound with iron nails and solid.". "It's not easy to dismantle, and it can't be as strong as it used to be." As a result, only the bridge deck, breast board and stone lion were repaired. In this regard, Qianlong said with emotion: "because I think about it, the huge waves of Hunhe River are irresistible. It is the bridge that has been moving for hundreds of years, which is not the intention of the ancients. If the bridge is built on a solid foundation, it will not be able to survive until now. However, if we do not demolish its surface and look at its interior, we will not know how well the ancients planned and employed their workers. " Today, the magnificent stone bridge, the stone lions with different looks and the Xiaoyue stone tablet in Lugou have been repaired for Chinese and foreign tourists to watch. Due to the construction of Guanting Reservoir in the upper reaches of Yongding River, the flood was prevented. It's hard to see the light and shadow of the past.

Tracing the source

It is said that there is another reason to describe the beauty of Lugou Bridge by "Xiaoyue": whenever the end of the moon (dark day) in the old calendar is approaching dawn, the moon at the end of the string can not be seen clearly in other places. If someone comes to the bridge, he will have to be clear first. It is doubtful whether this popular truth is reliable. In fact, the Lugou bridge is only a little higher. Is it possible that at the same time, on the top of Xishan Mountain or on the Baita (Beihai mountain) in the city of Peiping, the moon at dawn is worse than that on the Lugou bridge? However, it's better not to be so rigid. Using "Xiaoyue" to set off Lugouqiao is indeed a witty saying of an artist who is good at imagination. Originally, he didn't prepare for future generations to do scientific tests. You think, "the plan of the day is in the morning", not to mention the early departure of pedestrians. It is full of vigor and vitality, which sets off the moon that makes people think about it. The battlements of the capital are looming, the clouds of the Western Hills seem to be far away, the fields are boundless, and the Yellow River rushes Such light, such color, such place and building, no matter it is a chilly spring morning or a chilly autumn dawn, although the scenery changes at any time, if there is no rain or snow, the moon at the end of the fifth watch, Baishi bridge, Daye and Huangliu at the end of each month can make up a good painting, rendering the beauty of reflection floating in the hearts of travelers. You say, with "Xiaoyue" as the foil, this "Bicao Lugou" is the word of "Changting resentment" in Liu lvfen's "Oumeng Ci" in Qing Dynasty: "sighing at the spring pass wheel iron, Bicao Lugou, short and long distance connection." ）”Isn't it the most appropriate "Wonderland"?

We can see from the data that the Lugou Bridge, which was built in the third year of Jin Mingchang (1192), got its name because it crossed the Lugou river. The upstream of Lugou river is called Sanggan River, which originates from Leishan in Mayi county (now Shuo county), Shanxi Province. This river was once called Heigou River and Lugou river because it flows through Lushi mountain and because the water quality is turbid and the water color is black. It was not until the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty that in order to give the river a lucky name, he was able to control the frequent flooding of Lugou river

Chinese PinYin : Lu Gou Xiao Yue