mount sikong

mount sikong

Sikongshan, also known as sikongyuan, is located in Yexi town and Dianqian Town, 70 kilometers southwest of Yuexi County.

topographic features

The county is located in the south of Dabie Mountain, and the general terrain belongs to the middle and low mountainous areas in the third step of the country. Northwest corner of the terrain is high, inclining from the main peak to the East and south. The terrain is dominated by middle and low mountains, with rivers, basins and piedmont hills distributed along the north, East and south directions.

Zhongshan Mountain

It is mainly divided into West and East. Northwest China starts from tianejian, passes through Duozhijian and tuojian, and reaches siwangshan. It is composed of more than 50 peaks, including all of Meili Township, most of Baojia, Liangting, Heping and Nanshan, and part of Mingshan, Qingtian, Daoyi, equality, Qianhe, Yinhe, Hetu, Maoshan and Tiantou. In the northeast, there are more than 30 mountain peaks of more than 1000 meters, such as gongjiejian, huangmaojian, maoerjian and liuxianjian, including most of Shiguan, Huangyang and Toutuo townships and part of Laibang, Banzhu, Daoyi, Huxing, Zhubo and Weiling townships. Secondly, yangtianbao is located between Toutuo, Shipen, Huangwei and Pingping townships; taoyuanzhai and feiqizhai are located between Lianyun, Zhuwu, Yanghe, Shacun and Zhongguan townships; sikongshan, which is isolated in the southwest basin, and yangjiaojian, which is on the border with Hubei. The total area of Zhongshan Mountain is 703 square kilometers, the slope is between 40 degrees and 60 degrees, and a small amount of cutting depth is more than 1000 meters. In the area, there are many peaks, steep mountains, exposed rocks and V-shaped valleys. The thickness of weathering crust is about 34 meters. The climate in this area is warm and cool, with abundant rainfall and high relative humidity, and the natural forest is thick and dense. There are also some grassland and famous tea producing areas in the area, and nearly ten thousand mu of farmland are scattered, and the "Qingfeng" disaster often occurs to the middle rice every year.

Low mountain

From Zhongshan branch vein all over the county township. Among them, Xiping, Weiling, Baojia townships and the low mountains derived from Sikong mountain are all surrounded by Zhongshan. Although the low mountains in other townships are scattered, they are connected with each other. The largest areas of low mountains are Qianhe, Qianjin, Xiping, Gufang, Qingtian, Mingshan, Daoyi, Yanghe, Huadun, Pingping, Huxing, Shipen, Shenqiao, Weiling, Maojianshan, Xiangchang, wuchou, Jinshan, Jingzhu, Shacun There are 23 townships in Liufan, Yanshang and Yanhe. The total area of this area is 1583 square kilometers, with an altitude of 500-1000 meters and a relative height of more than 500 meters. It is mainly shallow cutting, with a slope of 30-40 degrees. The top of the mountain is round, and the valley is developed with "U" shape and "V" shape. The mountain farm in the area is not only the "Chai volcano" of residents, but also the large tea producing area of the county, which is suitable for the development of economic forest and fuel forest.

Small basin

Surrounded by medium and low mountains, and along the foot derived Gangfu, vertical and horizontal between the plains, forming a small piece of flat fan and platform like chongcuan, Gangfu is mostly cultivated land. The relative height difference is 20-100m, the thickness is 3-12m, and most of them are sandy soil and loam. The cultivated area is 120583 mu. This area is the key grain and oil producing area and mulberry and hemp base in the county. Its distribution is as follows: the first is the southwest basin, which is located in the north and south of Sikong mountain. The North includes all the three townships of Yuhe, Nanzhuang and Baimao, and one part of the two townships of shuangfan and Xuliang. The South includes all the three townships of Yexi, Dianqian and Taoyang. The altitude is 200-300 meters. The climate is warm and sunny. With a cultivated area of 40300 mu, it is suitable to grow double cropping rice, known as "small granary" in history. The second is the southeast paradise basin, which almost includes 10 townships in Tangchi. With an altitude of 300-400M, the region is located at the edge of the rain collection center of Dabie Mountains, with moderate rainfall, mild climate and sufficient light. The cultivated area is 52500 mu, and the farming system should be two crops a year. The third is the Central South basin, which is located in the middle and upper part of the phreatic water, including the whole township of Jingzhong, most of the four townships of Changpu, Xifei, Wuhe and Taoli, and one of the two townships of Shacun and Yanhe, with an altitude of 100-250 meters and a cultivated area of 25700 mu. The fourth is Zhongguan basin, which is located at a high altitude of about 550 meters, with a cultivated area of 7033 mu. It has deep soil layer, rich groundwater, large daily range, and many cold waterlogged fields, most of which are harvested once a year.

History and culture

Sikong mountain originated in Zhou Dynasty, developed in Han Dynasty and flourished in Tang Dynasty. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Mei Fu (Zi Zhen) failed to fulfill his wish because he spared Wang's power. Later, he went on a journey and went to the red cliff of this mountain to make alchemy. Li Bai left a poem in his visit to Kongshan. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zuo Ci, Guiguzi's proud disciple, lived in Sikong mountain and built "Xuanmiaoguan", the first Sikong building.

Sikongshan is the base of the development of Chinese Zen. In 577 A.D., Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Buddha, and the second ancestor of Buddhism, Huike Hujing, went down to Shuzhou and lived in seclusion in this mountain. He built a temple and said, "he leaped over Sanxiang and Qize, shouldered the moon on both shoulders, cut off the clouds and mended the broken Zen clothes, and chewed the snow when he was hungry." When master Huike first came to Sikong mountain, he lived in the cloud cave of "window to the sky" under the main peak, and then built a stone chamber in front of the cave. There is a dripping spring in the cave, which does not dry up all the year round. A niche is vast, warm in winter and cool in summer. It is surrounded by dragons and tigers on the wall of the cave. At the back of the cave, there is a thousand Ren Ping fan on the top of the stone peak. At the front of the cave, there is Boyu mountain, with Double Mountain vaults. It is really a "heaven made Taoist temple, a blessed place for the cave.". "The second ancestor Zen Temple" and "zushi cave", "SANZU cave", "lecturing platform" and "Chuanyi stone" still exist.

Sikong mountain has a splendid history. In 744, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sent Yang tingguang, a Chinese historian, to Sikong mountain to collect the medicine for immortality, the ivy. He was instructed by Zen master Benjing, a disciple of master Huineng, abbot of Sikong mountain, to obtain the medicine. Emperor Xuanzong ordered Benjing to go to Beijing and settled in Bailian temple. He was granted the title of "dawao" and paid homage to the national master to return the mountain. Xuanzong granted YinChi to build "Wuxiang Temple", with 5048 monk houses and 9 nunneries and 4 temples. As a result, Sikong mountain is famous all over the world, with monks and nuns gathering and pilgrims filling the door.

In the first year of Zhide of Tang Dynasty (756), Li Bai avoided Sikong mountain for a long time because he had heard about the scenic spot of Sikong mountain. He got the sentence of "snowing for thousands of miles, clouds opening for Jiujiang spring". He left two poems of "avoiding Sikong Yanhuai" and "Sikong mountain waterfall", which expressed his grief and indignation of serving the country and getting guilty for no reason. Later generations carved poems on steep stone walls. The poets, poets, celebrities and scholars of the past dynasties came here with great admiration, leaving a lot of well-known poems and ink, most of which can be seen vaguely. Such as "I came to the empty mountain to cherish Li Bai on the stage", "although there are many Buddhists, the second ancestor Zeng zhuoxi", "Li Bai once built, Huike tasted the cave habitat" and so on. People miss Li Bai and build "Taibai calligraphy hall" in his residence "sikongyuan". In front of the hall are "Kuixin stone", "Yinxin stone", "Hanmo spring" and "Ximo pool".

From the Five Dynasties of Yue to the Song Dynasty, some eminent monks, such as Zhengde, Zhenji, Yuantong and Qingxiao, were worshipped as national masters and granted Guangzu temple. In the second year of Ruijing in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhang Dexiu and Liu Yuan, the leader of Qianshan peasant army, gathered troops to fight against the Yuan Dynasty in Sikong mountain and built a "Chaotian Palace" on the mountain. Zhao Tian Gong Cheng Ji Huai, written by Zhang Dexiu, is engraved on the precipice to express the feeling of saving the country, noble and upright, generous and solemn. After Zhang's defeat, the temple was destroyed.

In 1622, the first year of the Ming Dynasty, Buddhist activities in sikongshan began to revive again. Zen master Ruhao and Tian Kong rushed around to restore the "Er Zu Temple". With the help of the Ming emperor Ruan Zihua and Zhu Shiyan yuan, they built the "Zu Shi hall", "Da Xiong Hall" and a "Shi Fang". In the late period of the "Cultural Revolution", only 60 Buddha statues and other sites were left in Sikong mountain.

There are many scenic spots in Sikong mountain, such as "Zen Temple of the second ancestor", "Taibai Shutang", "SONGFENG of Beiling mountain", "Niao Niu Gu Shi", "Red Cliff dansha", "Nanya waterfall" and "Xima Chunchi". At the same time, some new stone carvings and scenic spots have been found, such as "dragon head stone", "yingzi stone", "Buddha's Buddhist temple" and "holy land of heaven in Tang Dynasty". There are more than 10 ancient caves, of which Putuo cave is the largest (also known as shuilian cave). There is a square well behind the cave, which does not overflow or dry up all the year round. There are also legendary fairy cave, Guanyin cave and Bailu cave.

Historic sites

Wuxiang Temple, or erzu temple, is located in Sikong mountain in Dianqian District, west of the county. Tang Tianbao years (742-755) xuanzongchi built. Facing Boyu mountain and lecturing platform, there are hills on the left and clear springs on the right. Destroyed in the "Cultural Revolution". There is a stone archway in Shanmen.

When Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (561-578) destroyed Buddhism, Huike, the second patriarch of Zen, came to Sikong mountain to "carve the immortal cave to live in Zen, and develop the important steps to communicate with Buddhism". Natural grottoes, covering an area of 15 square meters, contain clear springs, which do not dry up all the year round. The second patriarch lived here and taught Buddhist scriptures to the third patriarch Seng can, hence the name of the second patriarch Zen temple. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were many ups and downs. It will be rebuilt in 1621. It was rebuilt in 1783. One into three, lifting beams, pillars, rafters angle, peak and wind wall, all made of granite, an area of about 50 square meters, followed by the erzu cave. Inside, there is a stone niche of the second ancestor, with the word "ancient temple Chonghui" engraved on the forehead. There is a couplet on the gate post of the stone Hall: "when the natural moat flows, you can see the rivers and mountains, the fish leaping and the kite flying, and the moon flying; when the earth is standing tall, you can see the mountains, the jiaotengfeng dancing, and the sky on top." The stone hall is intact. In the early days of the people's Republic of China, there were three monks and nuns in the temple. In 1955, monks repaired the temple. In 1960, monks and nuns moved to Guangfo nunnery in Baimao district.

Sikong Shanzhai, also known as zhanganfu village. Located 70 kilometers southwest of the county seat on Sikong mountain. Sikong mountain covers an area of 35 kilometers, with an altitude of 1227.7 meters. The main peak is abrupt, majestic and precipitous. Gu Zhiyun

Chinese PinYin : Si Kong Shan