Former site of the 20th army headquarters

Former site of the 20th army headquarters

The former site of the 20th army headquarters led by he long is located at No. 85, Zigu Road, Nanchang city. There are two buildings in the courtyard, one is the office of the 20th military headquarters, the other is he long's office and bedroom, and the houses of Liu Bocheng and Yun Daiying. In late July 1927, he long led the 20th army of the National Revolutionary Army to Nanchang to participate in the Nanchang Uprising. The army headquarters was located in Hongdao hall. Some leaders of the uprising lived in the small house behind Hongdao hall, and held many important meetings to plan the uprising Liu Bocheng and Zhou Yiqun conducted the armed uprising here. The window on the third floor in front of the building still has traces of enemy shells, which is a record of the fierce fighting during the uprising.

Site introduction

During the Nanchang Uprising, the headquarters of the 20th army of the National Revolutionary Army led by he long was located in Hongdao middle school (now No. 85, Zigu Road) on the West Street of Nanchang city. It used to be a missionary school run by the Anglican Church of China. During the summer vacation, he long led his army to stay here. This is a three story building with Bell and drum pavilions. The staff office of the 20th army is on the upper floor, and the military office is in the auditorium downstairs. Through the backyard, there is a chic building, which is the residence of commander he and chief of staff Liu Bocheng. On the afternoon of July 30 and the evening of July 31, 1927, he long held a meeting of officers above the regiment level and a general meeting of soldiers of the military headquarters, solemnly announced his decision to join the uprising with the Communist Party, and deployed combat tasks. After the start of the uprising, he long and Liu paicheng stood on the steps in front of the headquarters, braved the hail of bullets, directly commanded the troops to attack the enemy headquarters which was less than 200 meters away from the street, and stood on the windowsill of the front building to command the battle. The window sill and its surroundings still retain the bullet marks of the fierce battle of that year. In January 1959, marshal he long returned here to recall the historical facts of the uprising and take a picture on the steps where he commanded the battle. After many renovations, the old site of Helong headquarters has basically maintained its original appearance. In 1982, with the approval of the State Council, it was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in China. In 1988, Yuzhang folk custom museum was set up and opened to the outside world.

Introduction to the memorial

Introduction to the memorial

Nanchang August 1 Uprising Memorial Hall, the former site of August 1 Nanchang Uprising headquarters, is located at 380 Zhongshan Road, Nanchang city. It was originally Jiangxi Grand Hotel. The whole building is a "Hui" shaped building with Chinese and Western elements. It is the former site of August 1 Nanchang Uprising headquarters. It was founded in 1956. It is one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units and named as the first batch of primary and secondary school patriots by China It is one of the education bases of the Communist Party of China. Nanchang Bayi Uprising Memorial Hall is dedicated to collecting and researching cultural relics, constantly enriching cultural relics, repairing and renovating the former site of the general headquarters, and updating and improving the existing display. Using high-tech means, the large-scale sand table model of sound, light and electricity synchronously reflects the fighting process of the August 1 Uprising in that year; using multi-media film and television synthetic scenes, vividly reproduces the plot of "Zhu deshiji"; using modern means such as electric charts, painting and sculpture, enriches the display content of the whole hall, new display and restoration display In combination, it will be more vivid and educational. As a prelude to the exhibition, seven glittering stone inscriptions with big characters "where the military flag rises" inscribed by General Secretary Jiang Zemin on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PLA will leave a deeper impression on the audience.

On August 1, 1927, Zhou Enlai, he long, Ye Ting, Zhu De and Liu Bocheng led more than 20000 uprising troops to hold the Nanchang Uprising, which shocked China and foreign countries. It launched the first shot against the reactionaries of the Kuomintang and gave birth to a brand new people's army under the independent leadership of the Communist Party of China.

There are still five old revolutionary sites: the former headquarters of Nanchang Uprising on August 1, the former headquarters of Helong, the former headquarters of yeting, the former site of officers' education regiment and the former residence of Zhude.

In order to commemorate and publicize this glorious history, Nanchang Bayi Uprising Memorial Hall was established as early as 1956. Over the past 40 years, it has received more than 10 million visitors. On the occasion of Nanchang Uprising and the 70th anniversary of the founding of the army, the five old revolutionary sites have been repaired and reappeared the glory of history; the auxiliary display has been comprehensively updated, making full use of sound, light, electricity and other modern science and technology exhibition means, which is very attractive and appealing, and has reached the first-class level in China, which is unforgettable.

Layout of Memorial Hall

Located in the center of the old city of Nanchang City, ximachi is at the west end of Zhongshan Road. Originally Jiangxi Grand Hotel, built in 1924.

The appearance of the hotel building is silver gray, facing north from south. The main building has four floors, and the central part is the patio, with a total of 96 rooms. This Chinese and western building was the leading building in Nanchang in the 1920s. On August 1, 1927, when Nanchang Uprising, the general headquarters was located here. In order to plan the uprising, he rented the whole hotel in the name of the commander of the first division of the 20th army of the National Revolutionary Army led by he long.

In 1957, "Nanchang August 1 Uprising Memorial Hall" was built on the site. The gate of the memorial hall stands facing the street, and on the lintel is a gold plaque written by Marshal Chen Yi in his hand: "Nanchang August 1 Uprising Memorial Hall". On the first floor, the festive hall where the leadership meeting was held was restored according to its original appearance. On the second and third floors, there are four exhibition rooms, a memorial room for inscriptions and a large sand table model room. In addition, the houses of Zhou Enlai, Lin Boqu and other uprising leaders, as well as some houses of the Military Staff Committee, the guard company and the Department of health, were restored according to their original appearance.

Former site of the 20th army headquarters

In the memorial hall, through a large number of photos, charts, food and literature, as well as computer program-controlled model, it shows the whole process of Nanchang Uprising's brewing, preparation, outbreak and development.

History of the memorial

1. The historical background of Nanchang Uprising

Nanchang Uprising broke out in 1927 when the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist party broke down and the great revolution failed. At the beginning of 1924, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party established a united front. In May, Dr. Sun Yat Sen founded the Huangpu Military Academy in Huangpu, Guangzhou, which trained a large number of military backbones for the revolution. In July 1926, the Guangdong national government officially launched the northern expedition. The Northern Expedition army occupied the vast areas of the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin in less than a year, forming the climax of the Northern Expedition war.

The great victory of the Northern Expedition and the vigorous development of the workers and peasants movement touched the interests of Chiang Kai Shek's reactionaries. On April 12, Chiang Kai Shek launched a counter revolutionary coup in Shanghai, and thousands of revolutionaries fell into a pool of blood. On July 15, Wang Jingwei group announced the division of the Communist Party in Wuhan, which led to the collapse of the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the failure of the great revolution.

In the face of the severe situation that the right wing of the Kuomintang betrayed the revolution, the Communists, the left wing of the Kuomintang and the revolutionary masses fought angrily. Deng Yinda, a famous leftist in the Kuomintang, angrily issued a declaration to resign from all his posts in the Kuomintang.

During this period, Jiangxi people, under the strong leadership of the local party organization of the Communist Party of China in Jiangxi Province, carried out many powerful anti Jiang struggles, and the worker peasant movement flourished. These are anti Jiang slogans written by the masses and cartoons posted during Anti Jiang demonstrations.

2. The preparation and decision of Nanchang Uprising

The failure of the revolution made the CPC Central Committee realize the extreme importance of armed struggle. In order to save the revolution, in early July 1927, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee was reorganized and Chen Duxiu's right capitulationism was abandoned. On July 13, the "Manifesto of the CPC Central Committee on the political situation" was issued, which defined the general principles of armed struggle and agrarian revolution.

In the middle of July 1927, Comrade Zhou Enlai announced the establishment of the former enemy's Military Commission with Nie Rongzhen as the Secretary in the Ministry of military affairs. He instructed them to go to Jiujiang to work in the second aspect of the National Revolutionary Army and prepare for the uprising.

On July 19, 1927, the Kuomintang ordered to clear up the party in the army, which accelerated the process of our party organizing armed uprising in the Kuomintang army.

On the basis of Comrade Jiujiang's suggestion, the Central Committee decided to hold an armed uprising in Nanchang and appointed Zhou Enlai to lead the uprising on behalf of the CPC Central Committee as secretary of the former enemy Committee of the CPC. These are members of the former enemy Committee: Li Lisan, Yun Daiying and Peng Pai.

While the Communist Party of China was actively preparing for the Nanchang Uprising, the Wuhan government of the Kuomintang also stepped up the "Qing Communist Party" activities in the army. On July 24, 1927, Zhang Fakui informed Ye Ting that he long went to Mount Lushan to hold a military conference. At that time, Ye Jianying, chief of staff of the Fourth Army, who knew the inside story of the meeting, rushed from Lushan to Jiujiang. On a small boat in Gantang lake, Jiujiang, they agreed with Ye Ting and he long that they would not go to Lushan for a meeting, but led the troops to Nanchang by train on the 25th and 26th.

On July 27, 1927, Zhou Enlai came to Nanchang and lived at No.2 huayuanjiao, Comrade Zhu De's residence. He discussed with Comrade Zhu De the plan of the uprising.

3. Preparation and fighting process of Nanchang Uprising

After the establishment of the former Party Committee on July 27, 1927, according to the situation of preparation, it was decided that the uprising would be changed from 28 to 30. On July 28, 1927, Zhou Enlai came to Helong headquarters, told Helong about the uprising plan and asked for opinions. Comrade Helong expressed his firm support for the party's decision. Zhou Enlai immediately appointed he long as the commander in chief of the rebel army in the name of the former Party committee

Chinese PinYin : Er Shi Jun1 Zhi Hui Bu Jiu Zhi