The site of the first railway bridge on the Yellow River in China

Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge

synonym

The site of the first Yellow River Railway Bridge in China generally refers to Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge (the first Yellow River Railway Bridge)

Zhengzhou Yellow River railway bridge, formerly known as pinghan railway Zhengzhou Yellow River Bridge, is the old bridge of Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway, also known as "China's first Yellow River Railway Bridge". Located in Henan Province, China, it is the first steel structure railway bridge across the north and south of the Yellow River in China

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On September 1, 1903, the construction of Zhengzhou Yellow River railway bridge was started; it was put into operation on April 1, 1906; it was transformed into a one-way highway bridge in October 1969; and the demolition project was completed on June 24, 1988

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Zhengzhou Yellow River railway bridge is 3015m long, with 102 holes in total

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Construction process

Late Qing Dynasty

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, because of the construction of Luhan railway, a bridge was built on the Yellow River, so the Qing government asked foreigners to design and build it.

In 1889, Zhang Zhidong proposed to build the Lugou Bridge Hankou Luhan railway, which was renamed Jinghan railway. Because of the wide flow of the Yellow River, the construction of railway bridges across the Yellow River has become an important key project. In the design stage, there are four selection points for bridge construction, and the former Zheng county is selected as the final one, because the terrain on both sides of the Yellow River is flat, and it is located at the end of Mangshan Mountain. The soil is hard, the river bed is narrow, the river channel is stable, and the cost is low

 

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In 1896, the Qing government approved Sheng Xuanhuai, the railway supervisor, to build the Luhan railway. It was imminent to build a bridge on the Yellow River in the north of Zhengzhou. The huge project was extremely difficult for the Qing government itself, so it entrusted a Belgian company, for example, shaduo, the technical director of the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou.

In 1900, the Qing government invited experts from Germany, the United States and Italy to visit the site and selected the bridge site. The North Bank of the bridge is protected by a dam from the Qinhe River to the bridge site, and the South Bank of mangshantou is a hard soil, which is the natural barrier of the river.

From the 26th to the 27th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1901-1902), the design of the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou was started. Because of the North-South channel of water in the river and a sandy land in the middle, the steel plate beams with 25 holes and 31.5 meters on both sides were designed. There are 103 piers, each composed of 8 pipe piles; there are two buttresses between truss beam and plate beam, each composed of 14 pipe piles. The bridge deck is straight and flat. It took four years from the survey of the bridge site to the design drawings, and then three more years after multi-party argumentation.

On September 1, 1903, the first railway bridge on the Yellow River started construction. It is a single track railway bridge with a construction cost of 2.65 million taels of Kuping silver. The piers are stuck in mud, not rock, which makes the bridge unstable.

On February 1, 1905, the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou was completed.

On April 1, 1906, the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou was opened to traffic

 

. From then on, the original train of pinghan railway started from Hankou, stopped in Zhengzhou, passed the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou, and reached the terminal point of Lugouqiao station in Beijing. Zhengzhou Yellow River railway bridge, which took nearly 10 years to build, has been in operation for 10 years. Because of the quality problems, the bridge itself began to age.

The period of the Republic of China

On January 12, 1925, two passenger cars fell into the river and more than 300 people died. Because the Yellow River Bridge in Zhengzhou is the throat of the North-South passage and the fortress of the war, it was destroyed one after another during the war.

In the spring of the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), during the Zhifeng war, Zhang Xueliang attacked Wu Peifu, who was guarding the bridge, and blew up the 10th span of the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou.

In 1930, when Jiang Yan and Feng fought against each other, Feng Bu bombed the 16th girder of Zhengzhou Yellow River railway bridge.

In 1938, the nationalist army bombed some piers of the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou, and transported the 42 hole steel beam at the southern end to the Hunan Guangxi and Guizhou Guangxi railway

 

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In April 1944, the second field railway unit of the Japanese army repaired the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou in a short period of more than one month with advanced bridge erecting machines. Later, the bridge was blown up on August 3

 

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On October 22nd, 1948, Liu and Deng's army first cut off the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou, which was on the way of Zheng and Jiang's army's escape from the north. The fire on and under the bridge was roaring, and the bridge became a place for the two armies to fight. The Kuomintang army destroyed the bridge.

From 1948 to 1958, Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge experienced 10 years of maintenance and continued to serve for more than 10 years.

From the early days of the people's Republic of China to the period of reform and opening up

From 1949 to 1952, the former Zhengzhou Railway Bureau strengthened the bridge five times, so that 2400 ton trains could pass at the speed of 60 km / h.

On August 5, 1956, the repair project of Zhengzhou Yellow River railway bridge was completed and opened to traffic for more than a year. The bridge has withstood the test of the flood peak of the Yellow River.

On July 17, 1958, the Huayuankou of the Yellow River had a very large flood peak, with a discharge of 22300 cubic meters per second and a water level of 98.35 meters. The flood of more than 10000 cubic meters per second lasted for 79 hours, with a total flood of 6.1 billion cubic meters in seven days. Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge suffered heavy damage. Five piers were in danger. No. 11 pier was destroyed by flood. Two adjacent spans of the bridge collapsed into the water, and the Beijing Guangzhou railway was interrupted. On July 18, Zhou Enlai came to the scene for guidance. After more than half a month of rush repair, the Yellow River levee was saved. On August 1, the bridge was repaired and opened to traffic. In the same year, in order to prevent the bridge from blocking water, a new Yellow River Bridge on Beijing Guangzhou railway was built to facilitate flood control

 

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In October 1969, the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou was transformed into a one-way highway bridge. The bridge deck was reconstructed and reinforced concrete slabs were paved, which was still maintained by the railway bridge engineering department. Only 30-50 vehicles can be allowed to pass each time, and the same batch of vehicles will be issued with a red "tail flag" as a way to block the traffic section. After the completion of the transformation, it will be used for vehicles from south to north to take on the task of connecting vehicles

 

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In October 1986, the Yellow River Highway Bridge in Zhengzhou was completed. Due to the clear height of the steel beam of the bridge and the serious water resistance in flood season, the former Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of water resources reported to the State Council of the people's Republic of China to dismantle the bridge.

In 1987, the State Council of the people's Republic of China approved the demolition of the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou, which began on July 27.

On June 24, 1988, the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou was demolished

 

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Bridge location

Zhengzhou Yellow River railway bridge is located at the upper end of the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The railway passing through the bridge is the original pinghan railway

 

. The site is located in huangheqiao village, guxing Town, Huiji District, Zhengzhou city

 

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Architectural design

building structure

Zhengzhou Yellow River railway bridge adopts steel structure. In the layout of the bridge span, the two sides are designed as the lower steel truss beam, and the middle is the upper steel plate beam. Cast steel pipe piles are used in the foundation design, and the parts above the ground are connected as a whole with steel tie rods to enhance the stability. The top end of the pile is covered with a special pile cap, and the bridge box and bearing pad beam are set on the pile cap to support the steel beam. In the piers and abutments of the whole bridge, the main pier supporting steel truss beam is composed of pipe piles; the small pier supporting steel plate beam is composed of pipe piles; and the transition pier between truss beam and plate beam is composed of pipe piles. The bridge deck line is a transition pier composed of pipe piles between straight beams. The deck line is straight and flat

 

 

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In 1952, all the steel girders of Zhengzhou Yellow River railway bridge were replaced with Soviet made through steel truss girders

 

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Design parameters

Zhengzhou Yellow River railway bridge is 3015m long and 102 holes in total. It is a single track railway bridge with design load level of about E-35 and warranty period of 15 years. In the layout of bridge span, 25 hole 31.5m lower bearing steel truss beams are designed on both sides (26 holes in the north and 24 holes in the South during construction), and 52 hole 215m upper bearing steel plate beams are designed in the middle. There are 103 piers and abutments in the whole bridge, including 50 large piers supporting steel truss girder, each composed of 10 pipe piles; 51 small piers supporting steel plate girder, each composed of 8 pipe piles; and 2 transition piers between truss girder and plate girder, each composed of 14 pipe piles. The bridge deck line is a straight line, and the transition piers are between the beams, which are composed of 14 pipe piles.

 

 

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Construction achievements

Technical problems

After the construction of the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou, the materials, machines and tools needed for the construction of the bridge were transported to the construction site through Hankou by carriage, ox cart and rickshaw. However, when the foundation construction was carried out on the beach, the depth of the pipe pile was 13 to 16 meters and filled with cement mortar. As a result, 38 piers were slanted by the flood overnight. The technical experts immediately discussed the solution, and finally adopted the method of throwing gabion to ensure the firmness of the pier

 

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Chinese PinYin : Zhong Guo Huang He Di Yi Tie Lu Qiao Yi Zhi