Peach blossom

Peach blossom

"Peach blossom flood" refers to the spring flood caused by ice melting in the upper reaches of the Yellow River from late March to early April every year. When it flows downstream, it is called "peach blossom flood" because it happens to be in full bloom along the coast.

Cause of formation

Peach blossom flood, also known as spring flood, peach flood, peach blossom water and peach flood, refers to the flood of the Yellow River in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia in February and March due to the melting of ice. When it flows to the Shanxi section of the lower reaches of Shaanxi Province, it is suitable for the peach blossom season, so it is called peach blossom flood season. In the peach blossom season, the scenery is magnificent, with Hukou Waterfall as the most characteristic, just like Qiantang tide.

Due to the difference of climate and water quantity in four seasons, the scenery of Hukou also changes from time to time. Hukou of the Yellow River in spring and autumn, the scene is also very strange, there is gas for the rainbow, floating across the water, forming a "shore without rainbow hanging long rain" landscape. When spring returns to the earth, peach blossoms are in full bloom all over the mountains, the ice bank of the Yellow River is melting, the water volume is moderate and stable, the main waterfall and the auxiliary waterfall are connected into one, the main waterfall is misty, the auxiliary waterfall is full of ravines and streams, and the "dragon trough" is like a giant dragon, which is called "peach blossom flood in March".

Hukou Waterfall

Hukou waterfall is a wonder in the Yellow River Basin and the second largest waterfall in China. It is located in Hukou Township, Yichuan County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province and 25 kilometers southwest of Jixian City, Shanxi Province. The Yellow River flows all the way, zigzagging southward at the junction of Qin and Jin provinces, to Yichuan, Shaanxi and Jixian, Shanxi. It is held by Cangshan mountains on both sides of the river and confined in a narrow stone valley. The surging Yellow River has suddenly narrowed from 300 meters to more than 50 meters. At this time, the river is surging and roaring, the mountains are singing and the valleys are echoing, the shape is like a huge pot boiling, and finally it falls into a deep trough, forming a big waterfall at the mouth of the pot with a drop of 50 meters. Ke Shouliang once drove over the Yellow River here.

The width and height of Hukou waterfall are not large, but its flow is considerable. In the dry season of winter, the flow per second is only 150-300 cubic meters at least, when the river is frozen and the small stream is trickling; in early April, once the glacier thaws, the flow per second suddenly increases to more than 1000 cubic meters, and reaches 8000 cubic meters at the highest time. At this time, the huge current with a lot of ice impacts down, such as the roaring of lions and tigers, shaking the earth; in summer, the flow per second increases to between 1000-2000 cubic meters, and at this time, the flow per second increases from 0 When the water level in the lower reaches drops, the drop increases, and the giant waterfall breaks through the air. The water column aroused shoots directly into the sky like an arrow. In a flash, the water column turns into small water droplets, forming a misty white fog, and even a rainbow of seven colors. In the golden autumn and rainy season, the water from thousands of streams and gullies converges, and the flow of the river increases sharply to more than 3000 cubic meters. At this time, all the waterfalls are connected, and the flood roars and turbulence Tumbling, sound like thunder, the scene is very spectacular.

In ancient times, there was a saying that "boating on dry land" and "birds can't cross the pass". It turns out that in the past, when the boats came to hukou, people had to pull fibers around the shore; as for the birds flying in the wind, they were not frightened because of the roaring waterfall and the misty clouds. In the middle of the mouth of the Hukou Yellow River, where the water falls, there is a strange stone shining with oil, called "turtle stone". It can rise and fall with the water level. No matter the water is large or small, it always shows a little bit, which adds a bit of mystery to Hukou waterfall. There is also a huge stone in the river 3000 meters below Hukou waterfall, which is called "mengmen mountain". The stone is engraved with the four characters "lying in town and flowing wildly". Strange to say, when the river reaches this point, it obediently divides into two paths, flows through the boulders, and then merges into one. In addition, it is also a place for people to watch "mengmen night moon". Whenever the lunar month, night mengmen, you can see the moon hanging at the bottom of the river. Standing in the north and south view, the bright moon in the water is divided into two rows, flying down; standing in the South and looking north, the bright moon in the water comes face to face.

Not far north of Hukou waterfall, there is a renzu mountain. It is said that "the unity of the world" comes from it. Fuxi brothers and sisters became the earliest ancestors of mankind because they were married by God in this mountain. There are still Fuxi temple ruins on renzu mountain. In the temple, there are still pictures of "rolling mill across the ditch" and two springs and wells, which are inexhaustible all the year round.

Ancient records

"In the coming spring, when the peach blossom is in full bloom, it will be envied and overflowed, and it will be harmful to fill up the silt and turn the soil against it." Yan shigu's note: "the order of the moon is" in the middle of the spring, rain begins, peach begins to bloom. "When the peach blossoms are covered, there is rain, chuangubingpan, numerous streams and long waves, so it is called peach blossom water ear."

Tang Dufu's poem "Southern expedition" is: "peach blossom water on spring bank, cloud sail and maple forest."

Song Dynasty, Wu Wenying, and Song Dynasty's poem "water dragon chant, fishing lantern poem of yefen Xiguan": I'm afraid that after crossing the Yanjiang River, peach blossom will flood again, and spring will flow tight on the gonggou river. "

Flood control measures

On February 3, 2020, the Hydrological Bureau of the Yangtze River Commission informed the Survey Bureau by telephone that it was required to plan the urgently needed basic hydrological forecasting and pre flood preparations on the premise of epidemic prevention and protection. On February 5, the Bureau of hydrology of the Yangtze River Commission issued the "notice on making preparations for the flood season in 2020" through the Yangtze River Hydrological cloud desktop system, which comprehensively deployed the preparations for the flood season.

The "peach blossom flood" in Dongting Lake is usually in March. This year's special situation will make the preparation time more urgent. Hydrological stations under the jurisdiction of the middle reaches Bureau of hydrology of the Yangtze River Commission are distributed in Hubei and Hunan provinces. On the one hand, the midstream Bureau has made every effort to prevent and control the epidemic situation, and on the other hand, it has carefully planned the pre flood preparations. At the end of January, Zhongyou bureau started the emergency procedures in time to track and understand the problems and difficulties that may appear in the pre flood preparation work of each survey sub Bureau, and made every effort to raise a batch of epidemic prevention materials for each sub Bureau, including medical masks, gloves, disinfectants, etc., which solved the worries for the smooth development of pre flood preparation work. In addition, according to the development of the epidemic situation and the characteristics of the water regime in the area under its jurisdiction, the midstream bureau also requires each branch bureau to start from the important control station of flood and drought disaster prevention, optimize the work arrangement according to the priority, and push forward step by step; in the case of traffic control, it is necessary to try every means to use other possible modes of transportation to complete the task, such as replacing cars with ships and motorcycles when it is safe and possible.

Address: Hukou Waterfall

Longitude: 110.45121002197

Latitude: 36.147742086676

Chinese PinYin : Tao Hua Xun