Globe Theatre

Globe Theatre

The globe theatre is located in London, England. The original Globe Theatre was built in 1599 by William Shakespeare's palace minister theatre company and destroyed in fire on June 29, 1613. The globe theatre was rebuilt in 1614 and closed in 1642. In 1997, a modern imitation Globe Theatre was completed, named Shakespeare globe theatre or new globe theatre, about 205 meters away from the original site of Park Street.

The original Global Theater

The actor and shareholder of the company owns the globe theatre. Two of the six shareholders, Richard Burbage and his brother kasbert Burbage, hold two shares, or 25% each; the other four, William Shakespeare, John Hemmings, Augustine Phillips and Thomas Pope, each hold one share, or 12.5%. (at first William Kemp intended to be the seventh shareholder, but later he sold his shares to someone else.) With the passage of time, these initial shares have changed, and new shareholders have joined in. In Shakespeare's career, his shares have dropped from 1 / 8 to 1 / 14, about 7%.

Design of Global Theater

There is no exact data about the actual parameters of the Globe Theater, but scholars have researched its approximate shape and size in the past 200 years. There's evidence that it's a three story open amphitheater, about 100 feet in diameter, that can hold 3000 people. In etcher Wenceslaus hollow's sketch, the Globe Theater is round, which he later embodied in his 1647 sculpture "long view". However, from 1997 to 1998, the foundation of the Globe Theater revealed that it was a 20 sided building.

Below the stage, there is an area called pit or yard. For a penny, the audience can stand and watch the show. The vulgar audience ate hazelnuts and oranges while watching the show, and found nut shells in the earth while digging the Globe Theater. Around the courtyard are three-story stadium style seats, which are more expensive than stands.

Large columns on both sides of the stage support the roof behind the stage, and the ceiling of the roof is called the sky. The sky also has a trapdoor that allows performers to land from the air using ropes or other devices. There are two or three doors on the back wall of the stage and a balcony above. The door leads backstage, where the actors are dressed and waiting to appear. The balcony is the position of the performer, and sometimes it can be used as the setting of some scenes, such as the balcony in Romeo and Juliet.

Modern Global Theater

Theo Crosby of Pentagram is the architect, Buro happold is responsible for the structural design and maintenance, and Boyden CO is the quality supervisor. McCurdy CO is responsible for the construction. In 1997, the new theatre was completed and opened, named Shakespeare globe theatre. In 1995, mark rice was appointed artistic director of the new globe theatre. In 2006, Dominic drogue took over.

generalization

summary

The site used by the theater was rented and borrowed by its owner, James Burbage. With the end of the lease, the fate of the theater has become a big problem. James Burbage racked his brains and didn't come up with a solution. When James Burbage died in 1596, the problem was left to his son, kirsbert. Kirsbert came up with a wonderful way to solve the problem smoothly. He found a piece of land in South wark across the Thames, not far from the rose theatre. On December 28, 1598, seeing that the lease was about to expire at the end of the year, costerbert sent carpenters to demolish the theater and transport the demolished timber to the new site. In less than eight months, the new Globe Theater was built and opened. This is a luxurious theatre. In his historical play Henry V, Shakespeare once praised this beautiful "wooden circle" with the help of the chorus. With the completion of the theatre, a new type of cooperative relationship has been established between the owner of the site, sir Brad, the two brothers of the theatre owner, and the five actors of the palace minister theatre company. Shakespeare is one of the five main actors in the theatre, so he has successfully become one of the partnership shareholders of the theatre.

management

The completion and opening of the globe theatre put great pressure on Henslow, the owner of rose theatre. In fact, rose theatre is always at a disadvantage in the competition between the two neighboring theaters. Henslow had to change his ways. In 1599, Henslow's son-in-law, the famous actor Alin, bought a piece of land in the fensbury duty-free zone on the other side of the Thames, north of krippmen. So Henslow gave up the rose theatre and built the theatre of destiny here. At the same time, Henslow also made another large-scale investment in the real estate business. He transformed the Colosseum and "bear garden" on the west side of the riverside area into a hope theatre, which was used for fighting animals and acting.

Building Classification

There are mainly two kinds of theater buildings used in Shakespeare's time: the open-air theater and the indoor hall. The former is a public theatre, while the latter is a private theatre. From about 1610, the same troupe performed in public theaters in summer and in private theaters in winter. Before 1615, there were at least nine public theatres: "the theatre (1576-1597)," the curtain Theatre "(1577-1627)," Newton butts "(1579-1599)," the rose "(1587-1606)," the swan "(1595-1632)," the globe ", They are 1599-1613; 1614-1644), the fortune (1600-1621; 1621-1661), the Red Bull (1605-1663) and the hope (1613-1617). These theaters are all located outside London, in the north suburb of London or on the South Bank of the Thames.

After the Puritan Revolution

The Puritans in power took a hostile attitude towards entertainment activities such as drama, and British theaters were closed for 20 years. These famous theaters have been demolished. However, the destruction of the Puritans did not completely erase the glorious history of English drama from people's minds. Hundreds of years later, according to the preserved pictures, maps, contracts and various documents, historians made a detailed study of the theater at that time. Several of the theaters were rebuilt.

archaeological discovery

According to the research of historians, the theater buildings at that time were generally about 12 meters high, and the plane was round or octagonal with a diameter of about 25 meters. The space with a depth of 4 meters is reserved for 3-story corridors and boxes. The depth of the hall is no more than 20 meters, including a rectangular stage with a width of 12 meters and an extension of 8 meters. It can be seen that the space of this kind of theater is relatively cramped, and the total number of actors on the stage can not exceed 12. As for the number of audience, destiny theatre has 1600 people, Globe Theatre has 1400 people, while theater theatre is relatively small, with only 1000 people. The interior of the theater is a large central roofless space, commonly known as "pool" or "field", where the audience can only stand to watch the play. Around the "pool" are three storeys of roofed galleries, which form the periphery of the theater. All spectators in the pool pay the same admission fee. If you pay an extra fee, you can enter the gallery to see the play. There are also boxes or "noble seats" on the corridor, which are specially used by his majesty and dignitaries. The stage is a platform four to six feet above the ground, projecting forward into the pool. The audience in the pool watched the performance from three sides around the stage. In contrast, the view of the audience in the gallery is much more cheerful. In addition, there is a place called "exposure place" behind the front desk. There are two doors behind it for up and down the stage. In addition, the "exposure place" can make the actors on the stage hide or suddenly appear according to the needs of the plot. On the second floor of the stage, there is a similar entrance space, called "inner roof box", and there are one or two windows from which actors can look down or climb. In some theatres, there is a third floor on the stage for actors to use to indicate the location of the scene. However, this floor is usually reserved for musicians. The actor's dressing room is set behind the stage. There is also a corridor right above the stage. This is where the band plays, and sometimes it can be used as a supplementary part of the stage, such as in Shakespeare's Rowe

Chinese PinYin : Huan Qiu Ju Chang