WanMu thatched cottage

WanMu thatched cottage

WanMu thatched cottage is located at No. 3, changxingli, Zhongshan fourth road. It is a famous school founded by the bourgeois reformers in modern China. WanMu thatched cottage mainly talks about the academic origin, historical and political evolution of China for thousands of years, as well as the history and politics of western countries. It also pays attention to sports and music.

In 1891, Kang Youwei, a bourgeois reformer in modern China, rented some of Qiu's study rooms in the residence of Qiu's children in Guangdong Province as a lecture hall (Changxing school) in order to publicize his reformist ideas and cultivate reformist talents, which became the birthplace of the reform movement of 1898.

On October 7, 2019, it will be included in the list of the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

history

Qiu's library was built in 1804, the ninth year of Jiaqing period in Qing Dynasty. It is a ancestral hall style building with three rooms, three entrances, two patios and a hard peak. It is a combination of Western Luoyang and Lingnan architecture. It is of brick wood structure, with a width of 15.8 meters in three rooms and a depth of 35.3 meters. It covers an area of about 663 square meters.

The front door is 15.8 meters wide in three rooms, and the word "Qiu's Library" is engraved on the forehead of the door. It is about 5 meters deep in three rooms, with a total of 12 frames. The nave is three rooms wide and about three rooms deep, with a total of 15 8.5 meters, including stone eaves columns, wood and gold columns, and bucket beam frames. The back hall is three rooms wide, three rooms deep, about 9 meters, a total of 18, with two corridors in front.

At the initiative of H ó ng, a Juren of Zengcheng in the ninth year of Jiaqing Dynasty (1804 AD), by the resolution of the 80 surnamed Qiu's clan in ten prefectures and ten prefectures of Guangdong Province, the twelve Qiu's clan, including Zengcheng County, Yangshan County, Ruyuan County, Pingyuan County, BOLUO County, Heyuan County, Dapu County, Zhenping county, Conghua County and Hua county, raised funds to establish Qiu's Library in the 13th year of Jiaqing Dynasty (1808 AD). Because most of the Qius in Guangfu are branches of the Qius in Henan Province, they take Henan hall as their hall name.

After the Sino French war, Kang Youwei rented "Qiu's Academy" as a lecture hall in 1891 (the 17th year of Guangxu) in order to publicize his reform ideas and cultivate reform talents. He founded WanMu thatched cottage, gathered disciples to give lectures, publicized reformist ideas and carried out political activities, which became the birthplace of the reform movement of 1898. In 1892, WanMu thatched cottage was moved to Kuang's ancestral hall (now near Guangwei Road) on weibian street. In 1893, due to many scholars, they moved to Yanggao Temple of Guangfu Xuegong (now the first worker's Cultural Palace in Wenming Road, Guangzhou). Traditionally, the schools run by Kang Youwei at these three sites are collectively referred to as "WanMu thatched cottage".

Kang Youwei was born in a scholarly family. Since he was young, he has read many old books and some Western books collected by his family. At the age of 19, he studied hard for three years under Zhu Ciqi, a famous Confucian at that time, in Lishan thatched cottage. Later, he traveled to Hong Kong and Shanghai, and came into contact with a large number of Western books. He claimed that he had "new knowledge and deep thinking, wonderful understanding and fine reasoning, deep reading and deep thinking, and made great progress with each passing day." Facing the deep national crisis, he germinated the idea of learning from the west, carrying out the reform and saving the national crisis. In the winter of 1888 (the 14th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Kang Youwei went to the capital with cloth clothes and wrote to Emperor Guangxu for political reform. Instead of any result, he was ridiculed. In the spring of 1890, his family moved to Guangzhou and began to give lectures. Because of his great reputation of writing on cloth, Chen Qianqiu and Liang Qichao, who were studying in Haitang academy, came to ask for help one after another. They were impressed by his knowledge and were willing to serve as disciples. At this time, the young students also came here. At the request of Chen and Liang, Kang Youwei rented the Qiu's book house in Changxing, officially opened the school house, and established the WanMu thatched cottage.

Lecture scope

At the beginning of the establishment of WanMu cottage, Kang Youwei advocated "breaking away from the previous stereotypes and opening up new ideas". The name of thatched cottage means to cultivate thousands of trees and talents for the country. In March 1891, Kang Youwei wrote "Changxing Xueji" as the academic rules of WanMu thatched cottage. Taking the Analects of Confucius as the outline, he gave students moral, intellectual and physical education. In the aspect of moral education, Kang Youwei advocated the traditional moral cultivation, such as being strict, being cautious, being quiet, cultivating the mind, checking the prestige, practicing filial piety, advocating benevolence, being hungry and drowning in the same body, etc. the content of which is still not divorced from the feudal education plan, but his purpose is to encourage integrity, carry forward the spirit, so as to be angry and strong. In terms of intellectual education, WanMu thatched cottage offered four kinds of courses: the study of righteousness and reason, the study of statecraft, the study of textual research and the study of CI. The study of righteousness and reason includes Confucianism, Buddhism, Zhou and Qin scholars, song and Ming Neo Confucianism, Taixi philosophy, etc.; the study of statecraft includes political principles, the gains and losses of China's political evolution, the gains and losses of all nations' political evolution, political application, and group studies, etc.; the study of textual research includes China's Confucian classics, history, all nations' history, geography, mathematics, Gezhi studies, etc.; the study of characters (the study of CI Zhang), and so on It includes the study of Chinese Ci and the study of foreign languages. Although these courses are still based on traditional learning, they are in sharp contrast with the traditional schools that specialized in eight part writing and covered CI chapters at that time. In the aspect of physical education, besides stipulating physical education, Kang Youwei combined physical education with ritual learning, incorporated physical education into ritual music, and held military exercises and shooting exercises. With the help of his disciples, Kang Youwei compiled the examination of the new learning and the false classics and the examination of Confucius' system reform, which supported the reform of the ancient system, publicized the theory of the modern text and advocated the reform. At first, there were less than 20 students, and then they increased to more than 100. A group of famous reform talents were trained, among which Liang Qichao, Mai Menghua and Xu Qin became the backbone of the reform movement of 1898. In 1894, Kang Youwei went to Beijing to take part in the examination, which was once suspended. After 1896, there were short-term lectures.

Because WanMu cottage is based on Confucianism, Buddhism and Neo Confucianism of the song and Ming Dynasties, and uses the theory of mind and Western learning, its lectures are also characteristic. This is reflected in: first, the combination of Chinese and western academic. While lecturing on the theory of materials, he also talked about the philosophy of Taixi; when lecturing on the study of textual research and writing, he often added western learning contents such as history of all nations, geography, mathematics, Gezhi group learning, foreign languages and characters. 2、 Pay attention to sports. In addition to physical education, Kang Youwei combined physical education with ritual learning, incorporated physical education into ritual music, and held military exercises and shooting exercises. 3、 He highly praised the study of Jin Wen Jing. Kang Youwei thinks that the ancient classics advocated by the rulers of the past dynasties are all "pseudo classics", which were forged by Liu Xin in the late Western Han Dynasty to "decorate the classics and assist usurpation", which is to provide a theoretical basis for Wang Mang to usurp the Han Dynasty and establish a "new" Dynasty, which should be called "new learning"; the "pseudo classics" fabricated by the "new learning" falsely relying on the sage completely obliterated Confucius's "micro words and grand righteousness" and "trust" The original meaning of "reform in ancient times". Kang Youwei attacked the study of ancient classics worshiped by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty by examining the authenticity of modern and ancient classics, so as to shake the theoretical basis of feudalism, strike down the ideological roots of the diehards who "scrupulously abide by their ancestors' precepts", and remove ideological obstacles for the reform and Reform. 4、 He attached great importance to Lu Wang's theory of mind. When Kang Youwei was lecturing the Neo Confucianism of song and Ming Dynasties in WanMu Caotang, he focused on Lu Jiuyuan's and Wang Shouren's mind learning, which was also an important part of WanMu Caotang's lectures. When Liang Qichao was a disciple of the thatched cottage, he asked Kang Youwei for advice on "the policy of learning". Kang Youwei replied: first, he taught Lu Wang's theory of mind, and then he talked about history and Western learning. This is because at that time, the taxi had no ambition and no knowledge, and was only for profit. His thought was bound by Cheng and Zhu's Neo Confucianism. When he talked about Lu Wang's theory of mind, he attached great importance to spirit and moral education, emphasizing the role of subjective spirit of human beings, thus cultivating a group of famous reform talents such as Chen Qianqiu, Liang Qichao, Xu Qin, Han Wenju, Cao Tai and Mai Menghua.

Because WanMu Caotang clearly put forward the aim of running a school that Chinese style and Western style should be used, and adopted the educational content of paying equal attention to both China and the West. Liang Qichao had a great influence on the Academy Teaching at that time. Later, when he was lecturing at the current affairs school in Hunan, he basically followed the spirit of WanMu thatched cottage.

State change

In 1954, Guangzhou real estate administration took over wanmucaotang.

After liberation, WanMu cottage once became the workshop of Dongfeng lock factory. Later, it became a courtyard for 44 households. The residents built toilets and walls in it, which seriously damaged the house structure. The wall damage alone reached 20%. Many building components and cultural relics were damaged or lost.

On August 13, 1983, wanmucaotang was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Guangzhou.

In 2004, Guangzhou invested 13 million yuan to move out more than 40 households to carry out comprehensive renovation of the thatched cottage, and plans to build WanMu thatched cottage into Yuexiu District Museum to display cultural relics and historical materials of Kang Youwei and other historical figures.

In 2006, combined with the reconstruction project of Zhongshan 4th Road, Guangzhou urban reconstruction company invested more than 2.3 million yuan in the comprehensive renovation of the former site of WanMu thatched cottage according to the principle of "not changing the original state of cultural relics", and the main building of the former site was basically restored to its original appearance.

After the completion of the renovation in September 2007, it has been surrounded by the surrounding temporary and illegal buildings. The relevant departments have removed the surrounding buildings that hinder the view, and the Centennial thatched cottage has been able to "see the sun again".

On June 14, 2008, when China's third cultural heritage day is approaching, the newly renovated WanMu thatched cottage is open to the public free of charge.

On October 20, 2012, it became a cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province.

In October 2016, it was listed as the patriotic religion of Guangzhou

Chinese PinYin : Wan Mu Cao Tang