Tianma mountain

Tianma mountain

Tianma mountain, with a long cultural history, is the eighth mountain among the nine peaks in Songjun. Located 10 kilometers southwest of Sheshan, Shanghai, 11 kilometers away from Songjiang District. The main peak is more than 98.2 meters above sea level. The mountain is towering and steep, and the forest is luxuriant in the territory. It is the highest place on Shanghai road. It is also the largest mountain with the highest elevation and the largest forest area among the twelve mountains of the nine peaks in Sheshan. There are two peaks in the north and south, which are shaped like Tianma, so it is named. Pinus thunbergii, tung oil tree, Phyllostachys pubescens, etc.

It is said that the swords of Wu state were made here in the spring and Autumn period. According to Yang Weizhen of the Yuan Dynasty's ganshanzhi, it is said that "it has been handed down from generation to generation that Fu Chai's tomb was a Ganjiang's mountain.". According to the records of the old tujing, people with the surname of Gan live here; in the records of Yuanzhi temple, it is also said that all the people behind the mountain have the surname of Gan, so they are named Ganshan. The three tombs are adjacent to each other. Yang Weizhen's tomb is in the southeast, Lu Juren's in the West and Qian Weishan's in the north. In the early Ming Dynasty, He Ci, the prefect of Songjiang Prefecture, set up a stele for it. In the 12th year of Wanli (1584 AD), Chen Binghao, the prefect of Huating, sealed the earth and built a tomb for it, and set up a stele for "three high officials". Lonely dry foothills, Xiaoxiao Gaoshi grave. Xiao wind blowing green bamboo, Junjie than three Jun. Tianma mountain is a little-known famous mountain resort where Buddhism and Taoism coexist in Shanghai.

geographical position

Tianma mountain is located in Songjiang District of Shanghai, 10 kilometers southwest of Sheshan and 11 kilometers away from Songjiang District. It was originally named Ganshan. It is said that it was the place where the swords were cast in the spring and Autumn period. According to Yang Weizhen of the Yuan Dynasty's ganshanzhi, it is said that "it has been handed down from generation to generation that Fu Chai's tomb was a Ganjiang's mountain.". According to the records of the old tujing, people with the surname of Gan live here; in the records of Yuanzhi temple, it is also said that all the people behind the mountain have the surname of Gan, so they are named Ganshan. Tianma mountain is steep. The ridge line of the mountain is close to the east-west direction. There are two peaks in the mountain. It looks like XingKong Tianma, with its bow on the ridge. Tianma mountain is the largest and highest mountain in the twelve mountains of the nine peaks of Sheshan mountain (the highest point on land in Shanghai). It is 2.5 km around and covers an area of 1800 mu. Tianma mountain has a long history and rich culture. In the old days, it was a Taoist Resort and a Buddhist temple in Duolin palace. Every spring in March, Songjun villagers, Yishan ceremony in Zhongfeng Dongyue Temple, incense is particularly prosperous, so it is commonly known as "shaoxiangshan".

Today, Tianma mountain is also a favorite place for cross-country runners in Shanghai. In Shanghai, where the altitude is generally low, Tianma mountain provides a good venue for cross-country training. On December 6, 2014, Songjiang's runners and play moye club organized the first Tianma mountain climbing competition, which was very successful.

History and culture

There are three tombs of Gaoshi at the foot of Shandong, Erlu Caotang, Shangfeng temple, yuanzhijiao temple, baxianpo, wansongyuan and Nanyuan at the foot of the mountain, shangqingquan, Chaozhen Taoist temple, Dongyue palace, Huzhu tower, Zhongfeng temple, Yuhuang hall, Shanxia hall, laihexuan and liuyunbi at the foot of the mountain, Banzhu nunnery, Lianchi, Zhuxi jingshe and Xiaogushan garden at the foot of the mountain. There are many famous people in Tianma mountain. It is not only the ancestral place of Zhou family in Song Dynasty, the collection place of Zhou brothers Zhou Yong and Zhou Hao, the former residence of Xuanfu envoy Zhou Xian in Yuan Dynasty, but also the reading place of Lu Ji and Lu Yun brothers, the literary giants of Jin Dynasty, and the seclusion place of famous literati Yang Weizhen, Qian Weishan and Lu Juren in Yuan Dynasty. In ancient times, Tianma mountain was also one of the famous mountains in the south of the Yangtze River. There were hundreds of ancient and famous trees in the mountain. There were many Taoist temples around, such as Chaozhen Taoist temple, Dongyue palace, yuanzhijiao temple and so on. It was a popular area for religious activities. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tianma mountain was covered with trees.

taoist culture

Taoist Medicine

The theoretical core of Taoist medicine in Tianma mountain (i.e. Jiufeng of Songjun county) is to take "essence" as the foundation and protect "essence" as the priority. Under the influence of Wu Yue culture, Tianma mountain Taoist medicine absorbed the theory of "nourishing essence" and "embracing all rivers" in Wu Yue culture. In medical theory, essence is the foundation and essence preservation is the priority. "The spleen and stomach of Jingyue Quanshu" says: "the origin of human beings lies in the origin of essence and blood; the origin of human beings lies in the nourishment of water and grain. Without essence and blood, there is no base to fill the body; without water and valley, there is no strong body. " In Su Wen · Jin Kui Zhen Yan by Huangdi, it is said that "the essence of husband is the essence of body". In Zhou Xuehai's essays on reading medicine · on Qi and blood spirit, it is said that there are four kinds of essence: essence, blood, fluid. It can be seen from the above documents that "essence" is the source of human life. If a person has evil Qi, it will be real if he is prosperous, and it will be empty if he is deprived of essence. Therefore, Tianma mountain Taoist medicine pays special attention to the maintenance of "essence". Since the founding of Tianma mountain (Jiufeng of Songjun), Taoist doctors of Jiufeng of Songjun (such as Xue daoren and Peng Zhenren) have continuously absorbed nutrition from the folk, introduced technology, incorporated various popular fitness and Qi Nourishing methods into Taoism, reformed them religiously and incorporated them into the Taoist medicine system, which has become the criterion of "essence nourishing" method in the Taoist medicine system of Songjun. In terms of medication, Taoist doctors also take nourishing essence, moistening essence, storing essence and tonifying essence as the main treatment methods.

Taoist painting

Town God's Temple sacred statue axis of Songjiang County

Taoism painting in Qing Dynasty. The statues of Tianzun, taishanglaojun, leitianjun, and Dongyang Guanzhu are all different and vivid.

Jiufeng Sanmao map

Jiufeng Sanmao refers to Songjun and the small lakes connecting Songjiang, Qingpu, Jinshan and Zhejiang. "Jiufeng Sanmao" is not only a scenic spot, but also a Taoist resort. This painting is also the main source of Chinese southern landscape painting and Shanghai style calligraphy and painting.

geographical environment

position

Located in the northwest of Songjiang River in Shanghai, Tianma mountain is one of the "nine peaks of Songjun", a famous mountain on the sea, with an area of 10000 hectares. Tianma is adjacent to Chenshan in the East, Xiaokunshan and Liantang ancient town in Qingpu in the west, Jiaxing City in Zhejiang Province in the South and Songze ancient cultural site in the north.

Geology and geomorphology

Tianma mountain is located in the coastal plain of the Yangtze River delta front estuary, surrounded by peaks. Tianma mountain is steep. The ridge line is close to the east-west direction, about 0.8 km long, and the North-South mountain is about 1 km wide. The south slope is steep, often with cliffs; the north slope is gentle and long, with asymmetric mountain shape. It is composed of Mesozoic lava and pyroclastic rocks, locally including trachyte rhyolite, dacite rhyolite, trachyte rhyolitic tuff, rhyolitic (lithic) crystal tuff and rhyolitic vitrinite tuff. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tianma mountain was covered with forest, and black pine, tung oil tree, Phyllostachys pubescens, Bambusa cantonensis, etc. grew vigorously.

climate

Tianma mountain belongs to the north subtropical monsoon region. Affected by the cold and warm air, it has four distinct seasons, mild climate, abundant rain, sufficient sunshine, and long frost free period. In winter, northwest wind prevails, and it is mainly cold weather with less rain. In summer, southeast wind prevails, which is controlled by the ocean wind, and the weather is hot and rainy. In spring and autumn, winter summer monsoon alternates, and it often forms cold, warm, dry and wet periods In addition, the strength of winter and summer monsoon and the difference of advance and retreat lead to the difference of interannual variation.

vegetation

Tianma mountain is a north subtropical evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest with broad leaved leaves. Secondary forests are mixed forests of coniferous and broad leaved mixed forests. Coniferous forests, mainly such as Metasequoia, Cryptomeria, Pinus thunbergii, Cinnamomum camphora, Ulmus pumila, beech, maple, sycamore, maple, Wutong, privet, Moso, bamboo, palm and so on.

Ginkgo tree in Song Dynasty

Close to the jewel protection tower, 20 meters away, there is an ancient ginkgo tree. It is said that it was planted by general Zhou Wenda of song Yinjia. The tree is more than 700 years old. The branches of the ancient trees are claw like and echo each other. The local people said that the ancient ginkgo was the hand of God, which supported the Pearl protection tower. It was also said that if you nail an iron nail on the tree trunk, you will get a son, so later generations nailed a large number of iron nails on the tree trunk, causing most of the trunk to wither. Fortunately, there is also a main branch that is full of business.

natural resources

Tianma mountain is rich in medicinal plants. Among the 1800 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines recorded in compendium of Materia Medica, there are 167 kinds in Tianma mountain. According to the results of the general survey of medicinal plants in 1990, there are 217 species of medicinal plants in the mountain. Therefore, Tianma mountain (Songjun Jiufeng) is known as "natural medicine storehouse". Medicinal plants are Datura, Ganoderma lucidum, Hosta, Solanum nigrum, Polygonum multiflorum, Gracilaria, Salvia miltiorrhiza and other precious medicinal materials. In the old days, sika deer, tiger, roe, jackal, leopard, muntjac, wild boar and so on were also common in the mountains.

Scenic Spots and Historical Sites

Tianma mountain has one hall, one ancestral temple, one floor, one nunnery, one temple, one temple, one Daoyuan, two pavilions, two pools, two temples, two halls, two jingshe, two pagodas, two Shanfang, two thatched cottages, three springs, three platforms, three gardens, three pavilions, four halls, four pavilions and other scenic spots, with Chaozhen Daoyuan as the center.

Jiaqing official records contain "ten sceneries":

Tombs of sangaoshi: at the foot of Shandong Province, they are the tombs of Yang Weizhen, Qian Weishan and Lu Juren. Yang was from Kuaiji of Zhejiang Province, Qian was from Qiantang of Zhejiang Province, Lu was from Huating of Zhejiang Province, and all three of them were buried here. In the south is Yang's tomb, 2 Zhang to the left is Lu's tomb, and 1 Zhang to the north is Qian's tomb. According to the records of Gan Shan Zhi, "Chen Binghao, the magistrate of Huating County in the Jiashen reign of Wanli, sealed the earth to repair the tomb and set up the stele of three high officials on it."

Yang Weizhen (1296-1370) was a famous poet, litterateur, calligrapher, painter and dramatist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Lian Fu, the iron cliff, the iron flute Taoist, the iron core Taoist, the iron crowned Taoist, the iron dragon Taoist, the plum blossom Taoist, etc., in the later years, the old iron, the old fellow, the East Wei Zi call himself, the Zhuji (Zhejiang) maple bridge entire hall person. Together with Lu Juren and Qian Weishan, they are called "three high officials at the end of Yuan Dynasty". The most distinctive feature of Yang Weizhen's poems is his ancient Yuefu Poems, which are graceful, moving and natural. They are called "iron cliff style" in history, and are highly recommended by scholars of all dynasties

Chinese PinYin : Tian Ma Shan