Hemudu Site Museum

Yuyao Hemudu Site Museum

synonym

Hemudu Site Museum generally refers to Yuyao Hemudu Site Museum

Hemudu site is a primitive village site of Neolithic period in China. It is located on the South Bank of Hangzhou Bay and the Bank of Yaojiang River at the north foot of Siming Mountain. A large number of animal skeletons unearthed from the site belong to 61 animal species and genera. It reflects the diligence and wisdom of our ancestors.

In October 2018, it was rated as the national research and practice education base for primary and secondary school students.

brief introduction

Yuyao Hemudu Site Museum is located at the foot of Siming Mountain and the North Bank of Yaojiang River. It is composed of two parts: a 3200 square meter site exhibition hall and a 23000 square meter site exhibition hall, with the reconstruction of archaeological sites, the restoration of "dry column" buildings and the reproduction of the production and living scenes of the ancestors indoors and outdoors as the main contents, It is the "patriotism education base of Zhejiang Province", "Civilization Museum of Zhejiang Province", "national excellent patriotism education base", "national 100 patriotism education demonstration base". Jiang Zemin, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and President of the state, inscribed the name of the museum.

Historical records

In the summer of 1973, when the local people were building shuide, they found the site with a total area of about 40000 square meters, a thickness of 4 meters and four cultural layers. According to carbon-14 dating, the fourth cultural layer of the site is about 7000 years away. The two archaeological excavations in 1973 and 1977, with a total area of 3000 square meters, unearthed more than 6700 pieces of cultural relics, such as bones, stones, pottery, production tools, living utensils, and original works of art, as well as a large number of artificially cultivated rice, a large number of Ganlan style wooden building sites, and rich animal and plant remains. The excavation of Hemudu site provides valuable material for the study of agriculture, architecture, textile, art and the origin of Oriental civilization at that time. It is recognized by the academic circles as one of the most important archaeological discoveries in China.

Hemudu site was discovered in 1973, with a total area of about 40000 square meters, dating from 5000 BC to 3000 BC. The site has strong regional characteristics of Jiangnan Water Town, mainly as follows: it has begun to cultivate rice and engage in agricultural economic activities mainly based on rice; in order to adapt to the humid environment and prevent the invasion of wild animals, the house adopts the dry fence type of wood structure, and uses mortise tenon wood technology It can control boats and expand its range of activities from land to water. The Museum of Hemudu ruins displays the rich connotation of Hemudu culture by using a large number of precious cultural relics.

Basic themes

Based on more than 300 pieces of cultural relics, together with models, wood carvings, light boxes and photos, the exhibition shows the production and life contents and mental outlook of the ancestors 7000 years ago, reflecting their diligence and wisdom. The theme of the exhibition area of the excavation site is the reconstruction of the excavation site, the restoration of dry column wooden buildings and the reproduction of production and life.

Exhibition hall layout

There are basically three exhibition halls in the museum. The first exhibition hall introduces the general situation of the site and displays the unearthed animal and plant remains, the skulls of Hemudu people and the restored head portraits. Supplemented by photos, charts and models, this paper introduces the basic situation of the site. What is striking is a large model of "Hemudu ecological environment 7000 years ago" with an area of 100 square meters. Under the automatic control of sound, light and electricity, it vividly reproduces the settled life of the ancestors of Hemudu 7000 years ago, engaged in agriculture, hunting and other production and living scenes, which is vivid and vivid.

A large number of animal skeletons unearthed from the site belong to 61 animal species and genera. From the bones of birds, fish, reptiles and mammals on display, we can see that Hemudu in the past was a vibrant animal world with towering ancient forests, dense water and grass, tiger singing and elephant roaring, fish leaping and geese flying, which can be called the ancient animal kingdom 7000 years ago.

The second exhibition hall "rice economy" reflects the activities of rice farming, fishing and hunting. The objects on display include the cultivated rice 7000 years ago and the photos. The rice has clear thorns and full grains, which is amazing. In addition, a complete set of farming and processing tools for rice economy, such as Guyu, wooden pestle, stone mill plate and stone ball, are also on display. The pottery pieces with carbonized rice grains and the pots, pots, plates, beans, pots, pots, pans, tripods, pots and other utensils for cooking, drinking and storage, which are mainly made of black pottery with carbonized rice grains, show that as early as 7000 years ago, the eating habits of our Oriental people have basically taken shape. Rice planting is an important economic activity of Hemudu people, and their food culture has been very rich.

After the invention of agriculture, the living conditions of the ancestors of Hemudu changed fundamentally, but they still could not meet their living needs. From the display of fishing and hunting tools such as bone whistle, bone arrow, pellet, and rich fruits such as sour jujube, acorn, Euryale ferox and water chestnut, it was proved that fishing and hunting and gathering were still indispensable economic activities of Hemudu people.

The third exhibition hall reflects the "settlement life" and "primitive art" of Hemudu people. Display is known as a miracle in the history of architecture with mortise and tenon of dry column type building wood components and processing tools. In addition, there are a wide range of textile tools on display, showing the mature textile technology at that time.

Technological features

Hemudu people have created many miracles in the field of production and life. With their exquisite carving technology, vivid pottery, beautiful carving decoration and gorgeous painting, they have created brilliant original art and displayed the rich and colorful spiritual life of Hemudu ancestors. With ivory, bone, jade, stone, pottery and wood as carriers, they left us many artworks with ingenious ideas and far-reaching implications through artistic means such as pondering, carving, kneading and painting. The aesthetic consciousness of paying attention to symmetry and pursuing balance and the neat, steady and quiet artworks are admirable. Among the many works of art on display, ivory carvings are the most precious, among which is the butterfly shaped "two birds rising sun" as the symbol of the site.

The ancestors of Hemudu created a splendid primitive civilization with their industrious hands and extraordinary wisdom, which proves that the Yangtze River flowing eastward is also the birthplace of Chinese culture. Like the Yellow River, the Yangtze River is the mother river of our nation and the cradle of ancient Chinese civilization. The discovery of Hemudu site is recognized by the academic circles as one of the most important archaeological discoveries in China. The same type of culture is named "Hemudu culture", which was announced as the national key cultural relics protection unit in 1982.

The main content of the park is the restoration of the archaeological excavation site and the reappearance of four "dry column" buildings. It covers an area of 23000 square meters 100 meters southeast of the cultural relics exhibition hall. There are national key cultural relics protection unit "Hemudu site" sign stele and granite engraved site description stele.

The 2800 square meter archaeological excavation site is full of dense wooden building components and cultural relics left by the Hemudu people 7000 years ago. The grandeur of the scene and the richness of cultural relics are amazing. The four restored "Ganlan style" buildings are simple and wild, representing the superb construction technology of Hemudu people. There are various living and production scenes inside and outside, women spinning and weaving, men building houses with wood, some grinding bone ware, some clay pottery, and some concentrating on carving. The original scenes such as paddy field, ancient well, quay and sacrificial square reflect the style of the original settlement 7000 years ago. Wandering in the ruins park, facing the primitive civilization created by the Hemudu people, it seems that the long tune played by the Hemudu people with the bone whistle is pouring out that period of history to you, which makes people think continuously. At the foot of the 40000 square meter ruins, there are still secrets of Hemudu people that have not been told.

Exhibitions and collections

unhusked rice

Rice is the main ration of human beings. It takes a long time to domesticate wild rice into cultivated rice. Piles of cultivated rice, patches of ancient paddy fields, a large number of ploughing tools such as Guyu, as well as harvesting and shelling tools such as bone sickle, stone mill plate, stone mill stick and wooden pestle were found in Hemudu site, which shows that rice farming has a relatively complete system, and proves that the Yangtze River Basin is one of the origins of cultivated rice in the world.

Wood oar

The advantages of boats not only make it convenient for people to fish in the water, catch shrimps and pick aquatic fruits, but also solve the traffic problems of people's communication in the water area. Eight wooden oars were found at Hemudu site, indicating that boats had become an important means of transportation at that time. The discovery of the skeletons of whales, sharks, tunas and other marine fishes shows that human beings have expanded their range of activities from inland to the ocean by means of boats.

Tenon with pin

The ancestors of Hemudu created the dry fence style architecture which can adapt to the environment of the water country and avoid the invasion of insects and animals. It is still popular in Southeast Asia and southwest China, and is known as "the miracle of architectural history". Wood structure architecture is the mainstream of ancient Chinese architecture, among which mortise tenon structure and bucket arch structure are the most characteristic. Mortise and tenon wooden components, tongue and groove board, etc. prove that they have mastered the mortise and Tenon Technology 7000 years ago.

Double bird Chaoyang Ivory bird shaped ware

Primitive human beings are generally full of the concept of nature worship and animism. Birds and the sun are the most artistic images of Hemudu people, which embody their special emotions. The double bird Chaoyang pattern Ivory butterfly is the representative of many works of art in Hemudu site, which has become the symbol of Hemudu culture. It shows the ancestors' worship of birds knowing the time and the sun shining on all things after the invention of primitive agriculture.

Osteosarcoma

Chinese PinYin : He Mu Du Yi Zhi Bo Wu Guan