Lijiang River

Lijiang River

Lijiang River belongs to the Xijiang River system of the Pearl River Basin. It is the general name of the upper reaches of Guijiang river, a tributary. It is located in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In the traditional sense, the starting point of Lijiang River is Maoershan, the Yuechengling mountain at the source of Guijiang river. Modern hydrology is defined as lingqukou, Rongjiang Town, Xing'an County, and the ending point is Sanjiangkou, Pingle county. The upper reach of Lijiang River is Darong River, and the lower reach is Guijiang river. The Lingqu estuary is the dividing point of the dalingjiang and Lijiang sections of the Guijiang river, and the Lipu and Gongcheng estuaries are the dividing points of the Lijiang and Guijiang sections. The Lijiang section is 164 km long. The river bed along the river is mostly water quality pebbles with small amount of sediment and clear water quality, and the two banks are mostly karst landform. Rich in tourism resources, the famous Guilin landscape is on the Lijiang River.

For tourism culture, please refer to: Lijiang scenic area, Guilin

General situation of main stream

River course

Lijiang River, a tributary of Xijiang River (the upper reaches of the Pearl River), is located in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

In history, there are three views on the birthplace of the Lijiang River: (1) notes to the water classic says that "the Lishui River also comes from yanghaishan", "Hunan and Lijiang have the same origin, which can be divided into two parts: Lishui River in the South and Xiangchuan River in the north". Fan Chengda of the Song Dynasty said in his Guihai yuhengzhi: "the two rivers of Hunan and Li all come out of Haiyang of Lingchuan. They travel for a hundred Li and go down from north to south. The north is Hunan In the south, li. （2） Huang Hai, who was the magistrate of Xing'an County from the 5th to 8th year of Qianlong reign in Qing Dynasty, said that the Lishui River originated from shuangnvjing in the south of the county. （3） Tang Zhaomin said in the foreword of Lingqu literature collection that Lishui (Lishui) actually originates from Yangang in the west of today's Xing'an County. It is called Yuanjiang in the upstream, Shilong River in the middle, Qingshui River in the downstream, and a river flowing more than 30 Li. It is also known as "zero water" in history. We can see that Shu (zero) water is Li (LI) water. All of them refer to the water source of Lingqu, not today's Lijiang River.

The Lijiang River originates from Huajiang Township, Xing'an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (the highest peak of Yuechengling mountain range, 400 Li), to the north of Maoer Mountain, and to the south of the old mountain boundary at an altitude of 1732 meters (the base of the Yellow Sea). Surrounded by mountains and vast bamboo sea, Wugui River and Shamu River, the main sources of Lijiang River, meet in Shili Gorge (Shili gorge of Maoer Mountain) in Gaozhai Village area at the foot of the mountain. They flow southward to meet Longtang River in the west, Dongna black hole River in the East, and Liudong River after the confluence of the three rivers. They flow southward to the front of Simen to meet Huangbai River and Chuanjiang River, and then they are called darongjiang river. Near Rongjiang Town, they confluence with Linghe River, and then they are called Lijiang River. Lijiang River passes through Lingchuan County and Guilin City, and joins Gongcheng River in the north of Pingle Town, Pingle county. Lijiang River is 164 km long. Pingle town is hereinafter called Guijiang. The River continues to flow south to Wuzhou and flows into Xijiang River.

In Xing'an County, at the mouth of zirongjiang Town, Lingqu, the ancient canal, is the starting point of Lijiang River

）After connecting with xiaorongjiang River, they leave the country.

In Lingchuan County and xiaorongjiang village. The drainage area of Lijiang River is 2173.29 square kilometers. It is 45km long and divided into two sections: the upper section is 33.5km long and the average width of the river is 160m. From xiaorongjiang village, it flows through Xiabei, Yantou, Sanjie, fuqiudu, Dutou, Shuangtan, cuijiawei and sanchawai, and successively receives Baiyun River, Lujiang River, Ganjiang River, pubushui River, sansanyuan River and Gantang River, and flows into Guilin along xiaqin to damianwei. The lower section is 11.5 km, the average width of the river is 220 m, and all the pebbles are mixed with sand and mud at the bottom of the river. Shanglijiao village of dazaowei town is located in the county, passing Ganxing town and Dawu town to Nancun village. It takes three rivers, namely Huangsha River, Jiansha River and Chaotian River, and flows southward to qingshuitan, where it receives the ancient east water and goes out of Guilin suburb and xiayangshuo county.

In the urban area of Guilin, Lijiang River enters the urban area of Guilin at Qinjia of Lingchuan County, passes through the urban area from north to south, flows southward from Taohua River to douji mountain, passes through Dawu town of Lingchuan, and then meanders southward. It enters Yangshuo at Guanyan of Caoping Township, and flows through the urban area for 49.3 km. At Guilin hydrological station (the end of Zhangmu village, Chuanshan township), the drainage area is 2762 square kilometers, the average width of the drainage area is 39.2 kilometers, and the length of the main stream is 105 kilometers. The shape of the basin is a long multi tributary river system with narrow upstream and downstream ends and wide middle. The karst peak forest plain is located from darongjiang to Guilin. The river bed gradient is 0.94 ‰, and the average river bed gradient in urban area is 0.44 ‰.

In Yangshuo County, it flows into the county from Guanyan village of Yangdi township. It flows through Yangdi, Xingping, Fuli, Yangshuo Town, Chengguan, Puyi, Shoushou Shanbei River, Tuling River, Dayuan River, zhanggui River, Shuangyue River, Tianjia River, Shuangqiao River and other tributaries to mapingle County in Puyi Township, with a total length of 69 km, accounting for 42% of the main stream of Lijiang River (commonly known as Lijiang River from Xing'an to Pingle, with a total length of 164 km).

In Pingle County, Lijiang River (Lipu River, Lijiang River and chajiang River (Gongcheng River) converges in Pingle town and flows southward into Zhaoping County.

River bed characteristics

The ground elevation on both sides of Guilin urban section of Lijiang River is between 154-132m, belonging to the accumulation of first terrace. The upper part is silty clay with a general thickness of 2-4m, and the lower part is sandy egg layer with a maximum thickness of 20-30m. The channel is 125-585m wide and the bank is 3-5M high. The riverbed is composed of sand and pebbles, and there are often aquatic plants. The river bed is alternated with beaches and pools, with long beaches and deep pools. The floodplain is mainly distributed in dongjiaxiang, xintoukou, jiefangqiao, Xiangshan, lijiangqiao, Baiguoshu village, wujiali, wangjiali, zhemu town and Xiaolongmen village. In dry season, the depth of the beach is generally less than 1 meter, and the length of the beach is generally 500-1000 meters, among which wujiali beach is the longest, reaching 1970 meters. The deep pools on the riverbed are mainly distributed near baishitan, Sizhou Bay, mulongdu, Fubo mountain, Jiuniang wharf, Xiangshan, Nanxi mountain, Jingping mountain, Huziyan, Longmen Village, majiafang, etc. In dry season, the depth of the deep pool is more than 6 meters, and the deepest is Jingpingshan pool, with a depth of more than 14 meters, followed by nanxishan and majiafang, with a depth of more than 12 meters.

Both sides of Yangshuo section of Lijiang River are the most typical karst peak forest landform in the world, and also the most beautiful section in Guangxi. Starting from Qianjing village near Yangshuo County, the Lijiang River enters into the gorge and winds through the mountains. The valley is 400 meters deep. Lijiang River not only has a deep valley, but also has a large riverbed gradient, with an average of four thousandths, forming many beaches, islets, gorges and rocks. There are 38 beaches on the Lijiang River in the county. There are 29 floodplains and floodplains with different widths on both banks, covering an area of 2397 mu. The soil layer is thick and soft, rich in organic matter, moderate pH and high natural fertility.

Main tributaries

Huangbaijiang River, a tributary of Lijiang River, originates from the bird kingdom in Ziyuan County, east of Yuechengling. It flows from north to south, passes Buli and Zhongdong, and enters Xing'an County at paishanao. After wenjiawan, jingtangbian River and Mianjiang river flow in from west to East. To the south, through sujiawan to Langjiang, there is vanilla River converging from the west to Qingshui River, and a small river converging to the East. After passing through the source of tea to the south of simenqian, it flows into the Da Rong river. The river in Xing'an is 35.4km long and 60m wide on average. The riverbed structure is mainly composed of pebbles and sand. The average longitudinal slope is 5.9 ‰ and the drainage area is 173.63km2. Xingan is 154.75 square kilometers. The area outside the county is 18.88 square kilometers, with an average annual discharge of 7.54 cubic meters per second, an average annual runoff depth of 1401.8 mm, and an average annual runoff of 238 million cubic meters. The theoretical reserves of hydropower are 16100 kilowatts, and 3800 kilowatts can be developed. Most of the huangbaijiang river passes through the mountains, and there are a small amount of farmland along the Bank of the upstream section, with the bank height of 3-5 meters. After the white peach appeared in the lower reaches, both sides of the river were relatively flat and there were more farmland. The sediment concentration rate of huangbaijiang river is 0.166 kg per ton, and the average annual loss is 64150 tons.

Chuanjiang River, the first tributary of Lijiang River, originates from the northwest of Huajiang Yao nationality township and the second peak in the south of Dazhu mountain at the southwest foot of Yuechengling mountain. It flows from north to South and passes through Caojiang River and Dongshang river. From the East, the baizhandi river flows in from the Yuejiang River, then the Yanli River and Pingshui River flow into the upper and lower reaches of the cave, and from the south to the Zhujiang Estuary, there are small rivers flowing in from the West. It turns southeast and flows to yidushui, where bengjiang river flows in from the north. It flows southward, through talc weir and liujiayang to Zitang, where fanbi river flows in from the west, and then flows southward to dawongjiang River between duchuantou and Yangjiazhuang. The river source elevation is 1745m, the estuary elevation is 190m and the river length is 25km. The average longitudinal slope is 11.4 ‰, the average river width is 43 meters, the drainage area is 182.75 square kilometers, the average annual flow is 10.55 cubic meters per second, and the average annual runoff is 333 million cubic meters. The riverbed is mainly composed of pebbles and sand. The sediment concentration is 0.166 kg / T and the annual loss is 31.66 million tons. There are many mountains in the basin. There are only a small amount of farmland along the upper reaches of Yuejiang River and Dongshang River in the upper reaches. There are many farmland along the two banks of the river from Luotian village to Yangjiazhuang in the lower reaches.

Lingqu, also known as Xing'an canal, or Xianggui canal, is a tributary of Lijiang River. It was chiseled in the 33rd year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (214 BC), and has a history of more than 2000 years. Lingqu is composed of North and South canals. Beiqu, commonly known as Xiangjiang new road, is made by hand. The North Canal is roughly equal to the old road of Xiangjiang River

Chinese PinYin : Li Jiang